TARES framework introduced in 2001 by Baker and Martinson: Truthfulness of the message, Authenticity of the persuader, Respect for the person being persuaded, Equity of the persuasive appeal, and Social Responsibility for the common good. Addresses the "notion of communication practitioner accountability toward the message receiver in persuasive communication." To pass the TARES test, a message must fulfill all five principles. This study revealed that "fast food ads in Singapore failed many ethical principles of the TARES."
Smolan, Marvin (author), Hollander, Stanley C. (author), Lazer, William (author), Mertes, John E. (author), Meissner, Frank (author), and Regan, William J. (author)
Format:
Journal article
Publication Date:
1961-07
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: D09351
Via online journal., Recent developments in shrimp culture have resulted in the entry of high-quality, lower priced shrimp into the Japanese market, displacing the Australian product from its previously competitive position. The response of producers in Australia has been to form the Australian Prawn Promotion Association (APPA). An inspection of the literature suggests that demand-, product-, market-, and producer-related factors are thought necessary for successful promotion of agricultural and seafood products. In an attempt to analyze these factors, research was conducted in Japan in April and August 1991. Information for the study was gained from a review of the available literature and from interviews with the staff of a wide cross-section of companies and other organizations involved in the Japanese shrimp industry. It was found that: 1. the prospects of an APPA-style promotional campaign aimed at reducing the price elasticity of demand appear poor, and 2. there are few opportunities to differentiate Australian product effectively.
4 pages., via database, Much attention has been focused
on the relationship between advertising and food prices. Critics argue that
advertising food products only increases costs-costs that consumers
ultimately must pay. Others contend
that the advertising is quite beneficial
from an information perspective, particularly in light of its relatively small
cost.
Newspapers are one of the principal means of advertising by the food
industry, second only to television. In
1978, almost $1 billion was spent for
newspaper ads by firms in the food
marketing system (foodstores, food
manufacturers, and eating and drinking places). These ads are read by
three out of every four consumers.
Among all retailers, grocery stores
rank third in the volume of newspaper
advertising purchased; food manufacturers rank fifth among all manufacturers.
November 19 issue via online. 2 pages., "Cygnus Business Media this week folded its monthly food and agriculture group trade magazine, Frozen Food Age."
20 pages., Via online., Historical analysis of butter sculpture within the context of food as art, and as a way to promote butter as the natural, healthy alternative to oleomargarine.
12 pages., Online via open access. 11 pages., Findings from a case study prompted author to assert that it is imperative that festival organizers understand tourist motivations for attending festivals in order to conduct effective festival planning and achieve productive festival marketing position.
17 pages., Analysis revealed that the United Sorghum Checkoff Program (USCP) promotion programs, 1975-76 to 2015-16, resulted in a 4% increase in the sales value of sorghum for food and industrial uses and a 1% increase in total sorghum farm revenue. The farm-level benefit-cost ratio was estimated at between 5.8 and 7.1 in terms of producer profit per dollar spent on promotion.
9 pages., Online via UI electronic subscription, Researchers analyzed the effectiveness of the European Union Pledge, a self-regulation initiative of leading food companies at the European level, in restricting television advertising of food and drink products high in fat, sugar or salt to children. Results indicated that effectiveness was limited by the focus on children's program and the relatively lenient nutritional criteria agreed to by signatory companies.
23 pages., Via online., Content analysis showed that "the period following implementation of the National Organic Program exhibits a general upward trend in usage of health-related cues but minimal increase in use of terms associated with the 'organic' ideal."
11 pages., Online via UI e-subscription., This article addressed concerns that "food marketing directed at children is ubiquitous and effective, and hence is a significant contributor to childhood obesity both in the U.S. and other countries. Authors provided a review of literature about this development and public issue. As well, they offered suggestions for parents, community leaders, policy makers, and the food industry.
11 pages., Online from publisher via JSTOR digital archive., Authors identified how fears about Asian immigration are often expressed in a distaste for foreign food in the Australian media and official discourse. They also examined how newspaper and television coverage of food poisoning in restaurants and food courts suggests a link between ethnicity and contamination.
58 pages., Journal article via online., Historical analysis of print advertising in the early 20th Century revealed that "in an era of scientific discovery and therapeutic ethos, fruits and vegetables were advertised as medical tonics, with 'prescriptions' that included recommended daily doses, to ward off or cure real or imagined medical ailments (flu, listlessness, acidosis)." Findings identified social positives and negatives associated with this practice. Researchers recommended use of a broader social marketing and transdisciplinary approach.
11 pages., Online via UI e-subscription, Researchers investigated the relative effectiveness of comparative and non-comparative advertising in communicating the differentiating attributes of a brand of pasta among the Italian consumer respondents. Results showed that comparative advertising's effect depends on consumers' perceived differentiation among the brands and consumers' level of involvement with the specific product category.
24 pages., Online via UI e-subscription, Researchers examined colors and pictures of food and drinks to determine what, if any, impact these aspects have on consumer beliefs regarding important product characteristics. Findings suggested that even when very concrete verbal information is used, graphical representations had a significant and long-term effect on product beliefs and purchase intentions.
19 pages., Online via UI e-subscription, Researchers examined the effectiveness of descriptive norm cues in the context of green advertising for large grocery chains through the lens of the persuasion knowledge model. "Results suggested that green advertising might be more productive if retailers frame their messages without descriptive norm cues and reliance on whether they are seen as 'green' (Whole Foods) or 'non green' (Wal-Mart)."
12 pages., Online via UI e-subscription., The author compiled restaurant sales and unit count estimates for 155 restaurant chains during 1981 through 1998. Unit-level sales and advertising expenditures were calculated by averaging annual system-wide totals by the number of units in operation during the year. Findings supported hypotheses that national advertising does not provide a positive return to advertising for many chain units and a larger proportion of chains exhibit a positive return to advertising at the system level than at the unit level.
17 pages., Online via UI e-subscription, Researchers used content analysis to determine the relationship between the use of celebrities and the types of products endorsed in one popular U.S. magazine and two popular Thailand magazines. Results indicated that a significant relationship existed among celebrity endorsers and product types. Product categories involving food, diet, and weight loss were among those in which celebrity endorsers were used most.
18 pages., Online via UI e-subscription, Investigated the extent to which extenuating factors (excluding those produced by the commercial) affected the extent to which an advertisement was both persuasive and eventually engendered persuasion. Results demonstrated that the combined pre-existing market forces had a greater impact on a commercial's ability to persuade than did the message or creativity in the advertisement itself. Foods were among the products involved in this analysis.
7 pages., Online journal article via UI e-subscription. Co-published simultaneously in Mary-Lou Galician (ed.), Handbook of product placement in the mass media: new strategies in marketing theory, practice, trends, and ethics. Best Business Books., Executive director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest responds to questions about trends and public issues related to use of product placements in movies and television.
Online from publication 2 pages., Report about removal of Burger King TV advertisements inaccurately touting the use of lemongrass in cows' diets to reduce methane emissions by "up to 33%."
Online from publication. 2 pages., Report of plans by American Pistachio Growers to promote sale of pistachios by television, print and digital advertising.
Online from periodical. 2 pages., Describes promotion activities of an apple growers cooperative, The Next Big Thing. with growers in Canada and five U.S. states.
Online from periodical. 5 pages., Article reports on promotion approaches that retailers are finding useful in marketing apples during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Ebsco via UI subscription., Author discusses use of terms such as "farm fresh" in milk advertising and the part such techniques play in a long-term debasement of language.
Robert D. Stuart, Jr., president of Quaker Oats Company, testifies that over a seven-year period his company spent $15 million to advertise the nutritional value of Life cereal. "In the end, we found that this message was getting across to only 9% of consumers. Most people were eating it, not because of nutrition, but because they liked it." "It must be understood - unless we simply want to talk to ourselves - that the most nutritious product in the world does no one any good until it is consumed."
