AGE 84924952, Starting farm operators are using family help to aid them getting started. Family assistance in the form of labor, machinery, and housing was frequently received by operators. Most farmers interviewed had entered farming through arrangements with parents by utilizing a father/son operation, then renting from a nonrelative, and purchasing land as the third step. Off-farm employment also was frequently used by starting farmers and wives to aid in generating income.
Poate, Derek (author / Agricultural Projects Monitoring, Evaluation and Planning Unit, Federal Department of Rural Development, Kaduna, Nigeria) and Agricultural Projects Monitoring, Evaluation and Planning Unit, Federal Department of Rural Development, Kaduna, Nigeria
Format:
Journal article
Publication Date:
1982-12
Published:
UK: Barking, Essex, UK : Applied Science Publishers Ltd.
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 88 Document Number: C06087
Monu, Erasmus D. (author), Omole, M.M. (author), and Monu: Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Omole: Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria
Format:
Journal article
Publication Date:
1982-02
Published:
UK: London, UK : Applied Science Publishers, Ltd.
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 89 Document Number: C06097
Karami, Ezatollah (author), McCormick, Robert W. (author), and Karami: College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; McCormick: Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
Format:
Journal article
Publication Date:
1982-06
Published:
UK: London, UK : Applied Science Publishers, Ltd.
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 89 Document Number: C06100
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 95 Document Number: C07382
Notes:
INTERPAKS, In: H.W. Kerr, Jr. and L. Knutson (eds.), Research for small farms. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1982. (Miscellaneous publication no. 1422) p. 269-271., Briefly discusses farming systems research (FSR), identifying it as an on-farm centered, holistic, interdisciplinary approach to technology development for small farms. Emphasis is on understanding of the farmer's relationship to his technical, economic, and social environment and technologies which are compatible with it. Farmers and extension workers are full partners in the research process. Four common elements of farm level FSR program are identified: (1) the descriptive or diagnostic stage, (2) the design stage, (3) the testing stage, and (4) the extension stage. Notes that although most current FSR programs are located in developing countries, there are closely related programs underway in the U.S.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 95 Document Number: C07384
Notes:
INTERPAKS; see also C02433, Mimeographed, 1982. Asian Regional Workshop on the Training and Visit System of Extension, Chiang Mai, Thailand, November 27 - December 6, 1982. 33 p.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 95 Document Number: C07388
Notes:
INTERPAKS, In: G.E. Jones and M.J. Rolls (eds.), Progress in rural extension and community development. Vol. 1, Extension and relative advantage in rural development. Chicester, U.K.: John Wiley, 1982. p. 87-115., In many developing nations, serious efforts are being made to develop agricultural extension services into systems which can serve the broad masses of small agricultural producers, instead of only a few high-access farmers. Objectives have shifted to providing income-generating opportunities to small farmers; to increasing equity in rural areas; to broaden integrated rural development; or to organize rural people so as to allow them to carry their own development. Discusses the elements of the extension process. When extension objectives change, other elements must also change because the elements form an interconnected whole. Aims to systematically explore the implications of a change in extension objectives for the other elements of the process.
INTERPAKS, Presents the prominent components of the training and visit extension system and describes the first experiences in African countries. The critical gleaned from the first experience are: the selection of the contact farmer and his capability to assist actively in conveying messages to other farmers; motivation of extension staff, who may have a higher workload than before; qualifications to train field staff supervisors and subject-matter specialists; transport facilities for staff; availability of new research results; and a firm government commitment to implement the system. The system appears to be adaptable to different farming conditions, provided the pace of introduction is not too fast, and evaluation takes place right from the beginning. Suggest the T & V system may not be suitable for agricultural systems at very high and very low development levels.
International Agricultural Development Service (author) and International Service for National Agricultural Research (author)
Format:
Book
Publication Date:
1982
Published:
International
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 95 Document Number: C07396
Notes:
INTERPAKS, The Hague, Netherlands : International Service for National Agricultural Research, May 1982. 67 p., Discusses the potential role of international associations in strengthening national agricultural research in developing countries. In identifies a sample of these associations and notes some general characteristics and behavior by looking into the associations objectives, activities, and organizational arrangements. Discusses major problems influencing national research systems and activities in developing countries.
Kabuye, E.S. (author) and Ministry of Agriculture, Malawi
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1982
Published:
Malawi
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 95 Document Number: C07408
Notes:
INTERPAKS, Mimeographed, 1982. Paper presented at the Home Economics Workshop, Bunda College of Agriculture, University of Malawi, July 20, 1982. 10 p.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 95 Document Number: C07409
Notes:
INTERPAKS, Mimeographed, 1982. Paper presented at the Department of Agricultural Development Conference, Club Makokola, Malawi, August 8-14, 1982. 25 p.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 95 Document Number: C07413
Notes:
INTERPAKS, In: Report of an Exploratory Workshop on the Role of Anthropologists and Other Social Scientists in Interdisciplinary Teams Developing Improved Food Production Technology, Los Banos, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute, 1982. p. 73-92, Discusses the contribution that an anthropologist can make to the design of a farming systems program. Describes the program of the Guatemalan Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology which focuses on the farmer as a decision maker. A decision model in constructed and tested and the policy implications of the results are discussed.
Just, Richard E. (author) and Zilberman, David (author)
Format:
Report
Publication Date:
1982
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 95 Document Number: C07421
Notes:
INTERPAKS, Berkeley, CA: Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics, University of California, 1982. (Working paper no. 227). 37 p., Examines the role of farm size and technology adoption in developing countries under risk aversion. Develops a local mean variance approximation of expected utility based on farmers' individual wealth. This approximation is used to examine how technology adoption differs among farms of different size depending upon risk considerations. Produces a model illustrating the dependence of technology adoption behavior on risk aversion and indirectly on wealth (farm size) tractable for empirical purposes.
Hatfield, Colby R. (author) and Moris, Jon R. (author)
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1982
Published:
International
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 95 Document Number: C07422
Notes:
INTERPAKS, In: Report of an exploratory Workshop on the Role of Anthropologists and Other Social Scientists in Interdisciplinary Teams Developing Improved Food Production Technology, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute, 1982. p. 43-61., Provides a discussion of the role of the social scientist in the development and implementation of the technologies with the Maasai project in Tanzania to give some understanding of the constraints to success. First discusses two interrelated technologies: scientific and managerial. Explores the various roles played by the social scientist in these technologies over the project's lifetime. Discusses the conflicts that arose from these tasks.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 95 Document Number: C07425
Notes:
INTERPAKS, In: H. W. Kerr, Jr. and L. Knutson, eds., Research for small farms, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1982. (Miscellaneous publication no. 1422). p. 23-26., Discusses a concern that terminology currently used in agricultural research and extension is obsolete and clearly inadequate. Indicates that this condition reflects, in part, the lack of conceptualization and the weakness of the concepts upon which we now depend, as well as the traditional nature of the agricultural research and extension establishment. Notes that the problem is especially serious in international work and is becoming serious even within the tradition.
INTERPAKS, Considers the importance of farm management in ensuring compatibility of extension content with the motives and constraints of individual peasant farmers. Emphasizes the need for a modicum of farm management expertise in the communication of innovation from extension agent to farmer but questions the suitability of advanced farm management techniques for this purpose. It is argued that, if the potential contribution of farm management is to be realized, there is a need for an intermediate and appropriate farm management technology.
Bandong, J.P. (author), de la Cruz, C.G. (author), Goodell, G.E. (author), Kenmore, P.E. (author), Litsinger, J.A. (author), and Lumaban, M.D. (author)
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1982
Published:
International
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 95 Document Number: C07432
Notes:
INTERPAKS, In: Report of an exploratory workshop on the role of anthropologists and other social scientists in interdisciplinary teams developing improved food production technology. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute, 1982. p. 25-41., Describes how the interdisciplinary team formed by IRRI in 1978 to test and improve IRRI's integrated insect pest management (IPM) technology for farmers tilling small irrigated plots in Southeast Asia developed the technology from an initial Western orientation to its present form. Shows how IPM was tested in two projects in Central Luzon, each comprising five villages - one project "top down", the other "bottom up". Also describes how IPM was introduced in a control area with no attempt to organize farmers. Evaluates only the interdisciplinary research conducted in the "bottom up" villages where the project was the most successful.
Booth, Robert H. (author), Rhoades, Robert (author), Shaw, Roy (author), and Werge, Robert (author)
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1982
Published:
International
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 95 Document Number: C07434
Notes:
INTERPAKS, In: Report of an exploratory workshop on the role of anthropologists and other social scientists in interdisciplinary teams developing improved food production technology. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute, 1982. p. 1-8., This case study of potato production and storage in Peru demonstrates how and why anthropologists can positively contribute to the generation and transfer of improved agricultural technology. Reports the effects of introducing an anthropologists to a CIP sponsored project in Central Mantaro Valley of the Central Peruvian Andes to study post-harvest activities and problems of highland farmers.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 98 Document Number: C08126
Notes:
Theodore Hutchcroft Collection; see C08125-C08135, In: P.B. Bueno and A.S. Frio, eds. Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Development Support Communication for Rural Development. Laguna, Philippines: Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate and Research in Agriculture, October 1982. p. 9-11
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 98 Document Number: C08127
Notes:
Theodore Hutchcroft Collection; see C08125-C08135, In: P.B. Bueno and A.S. Frio, eds. Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Development Support Communication for Rural Development. Laguna, Philippines: Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate and Research in Agriculture, October 1982. p. 12-21
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 98 Document Number: C08128
Notes:
Theodore Hutchcroft Collection; see C08125-C08135, In: P.B. Bueno and A.S. Frio, eds. Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Development Support Communication for Rural Development. Laguna, Philippines: Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate and Research in Agriculture, October 1982. p. 24-35
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 98 Document Number: C08129
Notes:
Theodore Hutchcroft Collection, In: P.B. Bueno and A.S. Frio, eds. Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Development Support Communication for Rural Development. Laguna, Philippines: Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate and Research in Agriculture, October 1982. p. 36
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 98 Document Number: C08130
Notes:
Theodore Hutchcroft Collection; see C08125-C08135, In: P.B. Bueno and A.S. Frio, eds. Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Development Support Communication for Rural Development. Laguna, Philippines: Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate and Research in Agriculture, October 1982. p. 55-59
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 98 Document Number: C08131
Notes:
Theodore Hutchcroft Collection; see C08125-C08135, In: P.B. Bueno and A.S. Frio, eds. Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Development Support Communication for Rural Development. Laguna, Philippines: Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate and Research in Agriculture, October 1982. p. 60-65
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 98 Document Number: C08132
Notes:
Theodore Hutchcroft Collection; see C08125-C08135, In: P.B. Bueno and A.S. Frio, eds. Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Development Support Communication for Rural Development. Laguna, Philippines: Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate and Research in Agriculture, October 1982. p. 66-72
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 98 Document Number: C08133
Notes:
Theodore Hutchcroft Collection; see C08125-C08135, In: P.B. Bueno and A.S. Frio, eds. Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Development Support Communication for Rural Development. Laguna, Philippines: Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate and Research in Agriculture, October 1982. p. 73-80
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 98 Document Number: C08134
Notes:
Theodore Hutchcroft Collection; see C08125-C08135, In: P.B. Bueno and A.S. Frio, eds. Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Development Support Communication for Rural Development. Laguna, Philippines: Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate and Research in Agriculture, October 1982. p. 81-85
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 98 Document Number: C08135
Notes:
Theodore Hutchcroft Collection, In: P.B. Bueno and A.S. Frio, eds. Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Development Support Communication for Rural Development. Laguna, Philippines: Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate and Research in Agriculture, October 1982. p. 86-90
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 98 Document Number: C08160
Notes:
Theodore Hutchcroft Collection, Columbia, MO: University of Missouri, 1982. Communications Guide CM107. 1 p. (In: North Central Regional Extension Publication no. 212)
Cooper, Barbara E. (author) and Leslie, Phil (author)
Format:
Guide
Publication Date:
1982
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 98 Document Number: C08164
Notes:
Theodore Hutchcroft Collection, Columbia, MO: University of Missouri, 1982. Communications Guide CM202. 6 p. (In: North Central Regional Extension Publication no. 212)
Jefferson, Debrah (author) and Shaner, Jim (author)
Format:
Guide
Publication Date:
1982
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 98 Document Number: C08168
Notes:
Theodore Hutchcroft Collection, Columbia, MO: University of Missouri, 1982. Communications Guide CM303. 6 p. (In: North Central Regional Extension Publication no. 212)
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 98 Document Number: C08169
Notes:
Theodore Hutchcroft Collection, Columbia, MO: University of Missouri, 1982. Communications Guide CM310. 2 p. (In: North Central Regional Extension Publication no. 212)
Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress (author)
Format:
Report
Publication Date:
1982
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 99 Document Number: C08356
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, Washington, D.C. : Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture of the Committee on Agriculture, U.S. House of Representatives, December, 1982. 358 p.
Forker, Olan (author) and Kinnucan, Henry (author)
Format:
Report
Publication Date:
1982
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 100 Document Number: C08420
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, Ithaca, NY: Department of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, September 1982. 31 p. (A.E. Res. 82-29)
Havlicek, J. J. (author), White, F.C. (author), and Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Georgia; Department of Agricultural Economics and Department of Statistics,Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Format:
Journal article
Publication Date:
1982
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 100 Document Number: C08547
