12 pages., Online via UI e-subscription., The author compiled restaurant sales and unit count estimates for 155 restaurant chains during 1981 through 1998. Unit-level sales and advertising expenditures were calculated by averaging annual system-wide totals by the number of units in operation during the year. Findings supported hypotheses that national advertising does not provide a positive return to advertising for many chain units and a larger proportion of chains exhibit a positive return to advertising at the system level than at the unit level.
TARES framework introduced in 2001 by Baker and Martinson: Truthfulness of the message, Authenticity of the persuader, Respect for the person being persuaded, Equity of the persuasive appeal, and Social Responsibility for the common good. Addresses the "notion of communication practitioner accountability toward the message receiver in persuasive communication." To pass the TARES test, a message must fulfill all five principles. This study revealed that "fast food ads in Singapore failed many ethical principles of the TARES."
11 pages., Online via UI e-subscription., This article addressed concerns that "food marketing directed at children is ubiquitous and effective, and hence is a significant contributor to childhood obesity both in the U.S. and other countries. Authors provided a review of literature about this development and public issue. As well, they offered suggestions for parents, community leaders, policy makers, and the food industry.
