The article focuses on Caribbean women who traveled to Great Britain after World War II to train as state-registered nurses and then migrated to Canada. The author provides brief biographical information about the interviewees featured in the paper, compares their recollections with the predominant images and ideas of Black women in Great Britain during that time, and discusses the women's reactions to nursing in Canada. She also explores the interviewees' revelations about their occupation, involvement in organisations that represented their interest, and the lessons they wish to pass on to future generations.
Using data on U.S.-born and Caribbean-born black women from the 1980-2000 U.S. Censuses and the 2000-2007 waves of the American Community Survey, documents the impact of cohort of arrival, tenure of U.S. residence, and country/region of birth on the earnings and earnings assimilation of black women born in the English-, French-, and Spanish-speaking Caribbean.
An empirical study of 398 business people in the slums of Jamaica and Guyana. Explains that poor women organize local banks as a form of contestation against the threat of violence, partisan and informal politics. Argues that the banker ladies reorganize money markets for themselves and others. By organizing inclusive financial programs the banker ladies also build social capital through managing locally-based economic resources.
Newly arrived from Cuba, Angelica, Dora, Marina, and Damaris attempted to negotiate new surroundings and immigrant identities, building a sense of home for themselves and their families. Data from qualitative interviews, classroom observations, and focus group conversations revealed hopes that by acquiring English language skills, they would improve their quality of life in their new country. Struggles included personal factors situated in their pasts in Cuba and their new surrounds in the Miami Cuban exile enclave, contexts that were further complicated by uncertain expectations of new lives in Miami and the overwhelming task of learning a new language at a local adult education center.
Initiatives in the field of sexology and sex education in prerevolutionary Cuba are barely known, as continuity between those experiences and the work carried out during the years following the 1959 revolution have not been researched. The founding of the Federation of Cuban Women (FMC), however, must be considered the product of a long process of political maturity on the part of Cuban women during the first half of the twentieth century, and in the broader context of the FMC, the developments in the fields of sexology and sex education over the past fifty years also must be considered. Drawing on FMC archival holdings, this article sets out a periodization of the four main stages of the revolutionary period of institutionalizing sex education in Cuba, as well as its main challenges.
Demonstrate how the priority of education in Cuban social policy, from its outset after the 1959 revolution, has privileged women. Statistics chart the rapid increase in educational level and attainment over the decades and the high degree of feminization of higher education and thus the skilled labor force; and today Cuba ranks among the countries with the highest indicators in the United Nations' Millennium Goals with respect to education and gender equity.
This article discusses different views about sustainable development, emphasizing -- on the basis of a survey conducted in Brazil, Mexico, and Cuba -- the role of rural women in food production and natural resource management, the strength of the rural women's movement in the conquest of rights, and the decisive participation of women in defining proposals for public policies that guarantee gender equality in rural areas. A brief comparative analysis leads us to conclude that the development model in the three countries still prioritizes the male figure in relation to land tenure, access to credit and purchase of equipment or other material resources, it is suggested that both in Cuba, a socialist country, and in Mexico and Brazil, capitalist counties, the assumptions of social policies directed to rural female workers should take into account the basic needs of rural women to guarantee a more humane and sustainable development. Adapted from the source document.
A collection of articles on women in slavery, their family life, condition in society and employment and politics. These articles present themselves either as scientific studies, or as evidence and give a differentiated view of the reality of changing the situation of Caribbean women
Centering Women consists of somewhat altered versions of the author's previously published articles, with an introduction and "summation" that argue for a post-nationalist history of gender in the Caribbean
Leslie profiles Euzhan Palcy, an African-American filmmaker from the island of Martinique in the West Indies. In her films Palcy has profiled the poet Aime Cesaire and taken on the atrocities of apartheid
Adopts a genealogical approach to a small-scale study of Black supplementary schools, extra schooling organized by the African-Caribbean community in the United Kingdom
"Estudou-se a mortalidade materna segundo a raca das mulheres que residem no Estado do Parana e que morreram entre os anos de 1993 e 1998. O objetivo foi analisar as causas de mortes segundo raca e variaveis socio-economicas, buscando evidenciar a situacao da mulher negra. A populacao foi composta por 956 casos de obitos maternos que fazem parte do Banco de Dados do Comite Estadual de Morte Materna responsavel pela coleta das informacoes." (Author)
"[Examines] le développement historique et socio-économique des Caraïbes dans le roman de Paule Marshall: The Chosen Place, The Timeless People (publié en 1963), à travers la relation de deux femmes, l'une noire, l'autre blanche, dont les destins et l'héritage sont liés à l'histoire particulière des relations de genre caractéristiques de l'esclavage et de la vie sur les plantations." (Refdoc.fr)
"Rican women despite their different generations and social conditions, stand out as leaders who have set an example through decades of feminist struggle." (Ivette Romero-Cesareo)
A "growing view among Rastafari people [is] that we ought to be examined from within. ...this examination should be undertaken by ones who have experienced the movement as a process. ...For my part I subscribe to this school of thought. I am therefore writing from the base of a solid grounding into Rastafari and a continuous Rastafari livity." (author)
Examines Caribbean representations of race, gender and ethnicity, and how these influenced the labor allocations of female migrant workers in St Maarten's tourism economy. From the late 1970s to the 1990s, thousands of poor women from Haiti and the Dominican Republic worked in the service sector of St Maarten's tourism economy. St Maarten's black population, and especially its male residents, interacted with the migrant women, and created gendered and social-sexual images that privileged the Latina/mulatta women over the black Haitian women. These gendered/racial stereotypes helped to incorporate the Haitian and Dominican women into specific and different labor sectors of the tourism economy.
For women writers of the Caribbean as well as for larger marginalized communities, the relationship between oral traditions and written texts is a part of the defining thread of Caribbean historiography. This article draws on Waugh and Hutcheon to examine the use of such texts by women writers of the Hispanophone Caribbean in order to highlight narrative strategies of historically marginalized groups to contest hegemonic constructions of the nation.
Outlines some disparities in African Caribbean women's reproductive experiences in relation to contraception, abortion and infertility in contemporary UK, and calls for greater research into their reproductive experiences, in order to better understand and meet their reproductive needs.
This study relies on Brazilian census data from 1960-2000 to analyze long-term trends in racial and gender wage disparities in the urban labor market of São Paulo, one of Latin America's most dynamic economies. Afro-Brazilians and women have made remarkable progress over the past four decades in securing hard-won legal rights and in gaining access to the highest levels of schooling, entrance into higher paying occupations, and narrowing the intraethnic gender wage ga Despite such progress, Afro-Brazilians and women are paid less than similarly qualified white men, and wage discrimination is increasing. Placing the interplay of race and gender at the center of this analysis shows how the workplace barriers people confront on the basis of skin color and sex play a fundamental role in shaping social and economic inequality in contemporary Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR];
Lucea,Marguerite B. (Author), Stockman,Jamila K. (Author), Mana-Ay,Margarita (Author), Bertrand,Desiree (Author), Callwood,Gloria B. (Author), Coverston,Catherine R. (Author), Campbell,Doris W. (Author), and Campbell,Jacquelyn C. (Author)
Format:
Journal Article
Publication Date:
May 2013
Published:
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Explores the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and resource use, considering sociodemographics and aspects of IPV by presenting results from a study conducted with African American and African Caribbean women in Baltimore, Maryland, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Using Black women's responses to same-race sexual assault, demonstrates how scholars can use interpersonal violence to understand social processes and develop conceptual models. African and Caribbean immigrants often avoid the language of social structure in their rape accounts and use cultural references to distance themselves from African Americans.
Las mujeres negras y mulatas de La Habana de las décadas de 1830 y 1840 "negociaron" su lugar en la sociedad Habanera. Ellas negociaron su inserción en todos los espacios de la ciudad, desde los públicos, como los espacios de la ley, hasta los más íntimos, como los espacios que forjaron con su propia sexualidad. En gran parte estas negociaciones estuvieron enmarcadas dentro de su papel decisivo como agentes mediadoras entre negros y blancos: como esposas, amantes, maestras, nodrizas, cuidanderas y sirvientas, pero también como dueñas de propiedad, empresarias y perseguidoras de sus propias causas legales. Ellas negociaron su participación social y económica en la ciudad a través de sus prácticas diarias, a menudo al margen de reglas urbanas y de tradiciones sociales. Estas prácticas estuvieron en tenso y continuo diálogo con los discursos de las elites modernizadoras tanto criollas como peninsulares. Tales reformadores, que consideraron la creciente participación de estas mujeres en la vida diaria como uno de los aspectos más desordenados de la ciudad, desarrollaron fuertes discursos de orden social y reformas urbanas con el propósito de disciplinar la ciudad en crecimiento. Muchos de estos discursos estuvieron orientados a establecer límites sociales y raciales más claramente delineados (y racionalizados) que trataran de contener, si no las actividades mismas de estas mujeres, por lo menos su influencia en la población capitalina. Fue en este diálogo, siempre desigual y muchas veces violento, que se fue dibujando la geografía moderna de La Habana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR];
Discusses perspectives in Africana feminist thought. While, not an exhaustive review of the entire diaspora, three regions are discussed: Africa, North America, and the Caribbean.
Reads Carnival-related performances in relationship to the colonial and national histories of the circulation of Indian and black women's bodies in Trinidad and Tobago, asking what is at stake in these occupations of genre, form, and performative presence in the latest global scenes of late capitalism (where image and sound, as cultural productions, are always in circulation beyond the scope of the nation, and their own "original" referents).
Analyzes the prominent role played by first wave feminism and by women writers between 1898-1903 as the Jamaica Times articulated a broad-based, middle class nationalism and launched a campaign to establish a Jamaican national literature. This archival material is significant because it suggests a significant modification of anglophone Caribbean feminist, literary and nationalist historiography: first wave feminism was not introduced to Jamaica exclusively through black nationalist organizations in the late 19th and early 20th century, but emerged in a broader phenomenon of respectable, middle class nationalism encompassing Jamaican nationalism and Pan Africanism.
Sabri,Bushra (Author), Stockman,Jamila K. (Author), Bertrand,Desiree R. (Author), Campbell,Doris W. (Author), Callwood,Gloria B. (Author), and Campbell,Jacquelyn C. (Author)
Format:
Journal Article
Publication Date:
Nov 2013
Published:
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Investigates the association of intimate partner victimization experiences, mental health (MH), and substance misuse problems with the risk for lethality among women of African descent. Among 543 abused women, physical and psychological abuse by intimate partners, comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms, and PTSD-only problems significantly increased the likelihood of lethality risk. Policies to fund integrated services for African American and African Caribbean women with victimization and related MH issues, and training of providers to identify at-risk women may help reduce the risk for lethality in intimate partner relationships.
"Transgression and taboo which have a symbolic meaning in Caribbean societies are used in one of her short stories, “De sueur, de sucre et de sang” to articulate a social and feminist discourse. She uses the highly symbolic figure of the Nègre marron and ideology of marronnage to create a marronnage en abîme that has an aesthetic and ideological significance.
Focuses upon the welfare citizenship experiences of older women who migrated in later life to England, either as refugees or as post-retirement migrants. It reports findings from interviews and focus groups conducted with black Caribbean, Irish, Chinese and Somali older women migrants in Sheffield, Yorkshire, UK, as part of the Older Women's Lives and Voices Study.
Findings indicated the common denominators for African, African American, and Caribbean women regarding breast cancer are that (1) they present at younger ages, (2) they present having advanced-stage tumors, (3) they are often from lower socioeconomic levels, and (4) they lack knowledge regarding causes and treatment of breast cancer.
Background. Perinatal depression among Black Caribbean women in the UK remains an intriguingly under-researched topic. Despite high levels of known psychosocial risks, Black Caribbeans remain relatively invisible among those seeking/receiving help for depression during and after pregnancy. Methods. In-depth interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of twelve Black Caribbean women selected from a larger sample (n=101) to examine prevalence and psychosocial risks for perinatal depression among this ethnic group. The study also sought to explore women's models of help-seeking. During analysis, the context in which help-seeking/giving is mediated emerged as a key issue. We explore the nature of these encounters thereby opening up the possibility of finding common ground between service users and providers for enabling women to receive the care and support they need. Findings. Whether or not women configure depressive feelings as 'symptoms' requiring external validation and intervention is a reflection both of the social embeddedness of those individuals and of how 'help-givers' perceive them and their particular needs. We suggest that the ways in which help-seeking/giving are commonly conceptualised might offer at least a partial explanation for apparently low levels of diagnosed perinatal depression among Black Caribbean women. Conclusions. Popular approaches to health seeking behaviours within health promotion and practice focus on individuals as the fulcrum for change, tending to overlook their embeddedness within 'reflexive communities'. This might serve to reinforce the invisibility of Black Caribbean women both in mainstream mental health services and associated research. Alternative approaches may be required to achieve government targets to reduce inequalities in access, care, and treatment and to deliver more responsive and culturally-appropriate mental health services.
Reviews the essays El Amor, El Sexo Y Los Celos, by Alberto Orlandini, Before Night Falls A Memoir, by Reinaldo Arenas, El Caiman Ante El Espejo: Un Ensayo De Interpretación De Lo Cubano, by Uva de Aragon Clavijo, Cuba Sin Caudillos: Un Enfoque Feminista Para El Siglo XXI, by Illeana Fuentes, La Mujer Rural Y Urbana: Estudios De Casos, by Mariana Ravnet et al.;
Investigates the associations between reproductive and menstrual risk factors for breast cancer and mammographic density, a strong risk factor for breast cancer, in a predominantly ethnic minority and immigrant sample. Interviewed women (42% African American, 22% African Caribbean, 22% White, 9% Hispanic Caribbean, 5% other) without a history of breast cancer during their mammography appointment (n = 191, mean age = 50). Concludes that the mean level of mammographic density did not differ across ethnic and nativity groups, but several risk factors for breast cancer were associated with density in ethnic minority and immigrant women.
Depression is a common condition among women in the United Kingdom. However, little is known about the context of depression among British African Caribbean women. This article offers a preliminary discussion regarding issues and information pertaining to depression among British African Caribbean women. Characteristics and symptoms of depression along with treatment issues will also be presented.
In Latin America and the Caribbean, the theory which held that the cultural assimilation of ethnic groups of Indian and African descent into the national Hispanic or Portuguese cultures implied an improvement in the condition of women has been challenged through ethnographic and historical research.
Argues that for a truly cosmopolitan anthropology to come about, we need to reflect critically on the conditions of our knowledge production. Using the example of women’s under-representation within anthropology, and the marginalization of the Caribbean, it is argued that we need to think more about the social ground beneath our feet and recognize the differential access that anthropologists across the globe and at home have to the ongoing larger conversation that constitutes the discipline.
For a truly cosmopolitan anthropology to come about, we need to reflect critically on the conditions of our knowledge production. Using the example of women's under-representation within anthropology, and the marginalization of the Caribbean. Argues that we need to think more about the social ground beneath our feet and recognize the differential access that anthropologists across the globe and at home have to the ongoing larger conversation that constitutes the discipline.
Previous studies focused on obesity and weight management have ignored the cultural uniqueness of Afro-Caribbean individuals. The purpose of this study was to examine the cultural context for notions of good health and health practices, and perception of obesity and weight management, among African American and Caribbean American women. Four focus groups of Afro-Caribbean and African American women (age 40 and older) were conducted between May and July of 2007 to explore cultural factors related to physical activity, healthy eating and weight management.
In the Caribbean, researching women's lives in the past is made easier by the discovery of a few key sources which allow an insight into the private sphere of Caribbean women's lives. These records of women who have lived in the Caribbean since the 1800s consist of memoirs, diaries and letters. The autobiographical writings include the extraordinary record of Mary Prince, a Bermuda-born enslaved African woman. Other sources which have been examined are the diaries of women who were members of the elite in the society, and educated women who worked either in professions or through the church to assist others in their societies.
The rendering blacker of the Brazilian feminist movement has effectively signified the demarcation and institution within the agenda of the women's movement of the importance which the racial issue has, for example, for the following: the configuration of demographic policies; the characterisation of violence against women - introducing the concept of racial violence as a determining factor of the forms of violence suffered by half of the country's feminine population which is non-white; the introduction of ethnic/racial diseases or diseases that mainly afflict the black population, as fundamental issues in the formulation of public policies in the area of health; and the inclusion in the criticism of the selection mechanisms in the labour market the concept of "good appearance" as an element that perpetuates the inequalities between, and privileges of, white and black women.
Uses United States census data from the 1990 and 2000 to examine the earnings attainment for Black immigrant women (Africans and English-, French- and Spanish-speaking Caribbeans) and native-born Black women (African Americans). Data for both samples reveal sizeable earnings differences between the five groups. African, English and French Caribbean immigrant women exhibit noticeably higher average earnings than African Americans. However, with controls for earnings-related measures, the African immigrant advantage is eliminated in the 1990 sample, but not the English and French Caribbean immigrant advantage, nor the Spanish Caribbean immigrant disadvantage. No significant earnings difference was found between African Americans, English and Spanish Caribbean immigrants in the 2000 sample. Conversely, African and French Caribbean immigrants' earnings were significantly lower than those for African Americans.
Analyses the feminist content of Afra-Hispanic literature written by Black Spanish-speaking women of the Caribbean and the Central and South America. Reconstruction of discursive tradition of Afra-Hispanic literature through archaeology; Presence of literate Afra-Hispanic writers during the slavery era; Prominence of Afra-Hispanic writers Nancy Morejon and Aida Cartagena Portalatin.
Reviews the book, Race, gender and educational desire: Why black women succeed and fail by Heidi Safia Mirza (2009). The author looks to understand and unpack the complex intersectionalities that mark contemporary black British feminism, teasing out their particular implications for education and educational debates today.
Brings Afro-Caribbean women to the fore of a discussion of Costa Rican citizenship. Explores the relationship between ideologies of gender, imageries of black womanhood, and the dialectic of citizenship and exclusion.
The history of Haiti began with the historic defeat of French imperialism and the establishment of the first Black republic in world history but has degenerated into tragic maldevelopment under U.S. imperialism, including two periods of military occupation. Haitian literature, especially in novels written by women, reflects the racist and sexist oppression of the U.S. military presence in the Caribbean.
Considers the extent to which feminism and gender studies courses adequately explore diverse erotic desires in the Caribbean region. It offers a comparative investigation of questionnaire responses from Black female undergraduate students in England and Jamaica to assess the connections between their perceptions about sexual differences.
The findings of a questionnaire survey distributed to 153 female university students in Barbados and Jamaica in 2008 reveal the attitudes to diverse female sexualities in the Caribbean. The participants in the survey discussed changing beliefs about sexuality in Caribbean society. The findings show that slowly, as a consequence of globalization and the mass media, people are increasingly open-minded about sex. Women are confidently expressing and increasingly asserting themselves as equal partners. There is greater debate in Caribbean society about female same-sex relationships, and deeper awareness of sexual harassment is evident. Nevertheless, for some respondents, the same degrading notions of women as sex objects and promiscuous beings continue to exist.
Illustrates a desire among those in exile, either forced or self-imposed, for a sense of community. Much of the contemporary social science literature on the Caribbean transnational predicament has focused on the processes of settlement and adaptation within host societies.
