The author explores themes of Black masculinity using both historic and contemporary examples. He discusses "neoliberal" expectations regarding sexual orientation, family life, and self-fulfillment. He explores alternate definitions of gender as exhibited in the self-portraits by Abdi Osman and Syrus Ware.
This article discusses the concept of ole negar, which is considered as a racial stereotype in the culture of Jamaica that is incomprehensible to foreigners and even to the people of the country. It explores how the term "ole negar" is being used by the Jamaicans. It cites the possibility of the term to be used in referring to the poorest class of black people in the country.
Findings indicated the common denominators for African, African American, and Caribbean women regarding breast cancer are that (1) they present at younger ages, (2) they present having advanced-stage tumors, (3) they are often from lower socioeconomic levels, and (4) they lack knowledge regarding causes and treatment of breast cancer.
"This essay addresses the horrific struggles of enslaved Africans during the "Middle Passage" and argues that the "Black Atlantic" can be considered as a form of existential crucifixion for those whose lives were decimated during the traversing of this oceanic divide between their old world and the new. The author argues that this existential crucifixion represents a kind of collective experiential-historical "Low Saturday" for Diasporan African peoples, in that the failure of full freedom to emerge for "us" suggests that Easter Sunday is an aspirational dream rather than a contextual reality." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
"This essay makes what may seem an obvious case: that authentic Black British God-talk needs to urgently engage with the diverse religious landscape of which it is a part. In the process, the essay seeks briefly to scrutinize past and present Black British theological discourse, explore the overtures with regard to engagement with multi-faith and interfaith issues and offer some tentative observations and practical suggestions on the way forward." (author)
Deals with two interrelated topics. The first one is the extent to which the rejection of racism has led to a rejection of racial self-identification, and its group-differentiated dimension: for indigenous people in the countries under study, the rejection of racism did lead to a rejection of racial self-identification; for people of African descent, by and large, it did not. The second topic is the extent to which collective action and the political claims voiced by minority groups rely on cultural distinctiveness and, again, its group-differentiated dimension: the paper suggests that for indigenous people, the politicization of culture has been both more extensive and more successful than for people of African descent.
Ethnic variations in quality of life and depressive symptoms in black Americans with acute decompensated heart failure are understudied. Assesses the severity of depressive symptoms and their contribution to quality of life in patients with acute decompensated heart failure receiving care at inner-city hospitals with high volumes of black patients. Adjusted mean quality of life scores were equivalent in the African American and Caribbean black groups. Depressive symptoms were equally severe in the 2 groups and explained an equivalent proportion of the variance in quality of life in each group.
Recalls the revolution which occurs in Haiti in August 1791. It recounts that the liberation of the African Haitian people, establishment of the Haiti Republic and the end of the dreams of Napoleon for a French-American Empire in the West are the effects of the revolution. It tells that Haitians accomplish independence in Latin America, become the second independent nation in the Western hemisphere, and the first African American republic in the modern world due to their liberation.
Depression is a common condition among women in the United Kingdom. However, little is known about the context of depression among British African Caribbean women. This article offers a preliminary discussion regarding issues and information pertaining to depression among British African Caribbean women. Characteristics and symptoms of depression along with treatment issues will also be presented.
There is an increasing incidence of new HIV-1 diagnoses among black Caribbeans in the UK, but there has been limited research in this area. The LIVITY study is the first in-depth epidemiological and behavioural study to examine the impact of HIV among black Caribbeans in the UK. The UK black Caribbean community has traditionally been regarded as less likely to participate in clinical research and surveys.
Christina A. Sue commented on my 2004 article in Ethnic and Racial Studies on the Latin Americanization of racial stratification in the USA. Almost all her observations hinge on the assumption that racial stratification in Latin American countries is fundamentally structured around ‘two racial poles’. I disagree with her and in my reply do three things. First, I address three major claims or issues in her comment. Second, I point out some methodological limitations of American-centered race analysis in Latin America. Third, I conclude by discussing briefly the Obama phenomenon and suggest this event fits in many ways my Latin Americanization thesis.
Previous studies focused on obesity and weight management have ignored the cultural uniqueness of Afro-Caribbean individuals. The purpose of this study was to examine the cultural context for notions of good health and health practices, and perception of obesity and weight management, among African American and Caribbean American women. Four focus groups of Afro-Caribbean and African American women (age 40 and older) were conducted between May and July of 2007 to explore cultural factors related to physical activity, healthy eating and weight management.
In an effort to push the literature on music and collective identity to examine how the cognitive dimension of collective identity gets constructed, a study shifts away from the customary focus on lyrics, toward an analysis of the everyday discursive contexts of music scenes, such as rehearsals, informal commentary, and training seminars. By examining such contexts within the black gospel music scene in São Paulo, Brazil, the study discovers that a complex ideology of racial identity, infused with ideas drawn from North American history and the Bible, circulates within the scene.
During the early 1970s the U.S. songwriter, musician, and producer Van Dyke Parks completed work on a series of albums exploring the musical contours of the circum-Caribbean region and, through them, broader patterns and issues in 20th-century relations between the U.S. and the Caribbean.
Can we talk of a collective, diasporic memory? Argues that in the case of the African-Caribbean community, there are distinctive features - such as the need to tell and the need to connect - which suggest that this diasporic memory is framed through identifiable cultural templates, which distinguish it from the memories of migrants.
Uses United States census data from the 1990 and 2000 to examine the earnings attainment for Black immigrant women (Africans and English-, French- and Spanish-speaking Caribbeans) and native-born Black women (African Americans). Data for both samples reveal sizeable earnings differences between the five groups. African, English and French Caribbean immigrant women exhibit noticeably higher average earnings than African Americans. However, with controls for earnings-related measures, the African immigrant advantage is eliminated in the 1990 sample, but not the English and French Caribbean immigrant advantage, nor the Spanish Caribbean immigrant disadvantage. No significant earnings difference was found between African Americans, English and Spanish Caribbean immigrants in the 2000 sample. Conversely, African and French Caribbean immigrants' earnings were significantly lower than those for African Americans.
Telephone surveys with national probability samples of English-speaking adults have suggested that popular support for punitive policies toward people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) declined in the 1990s, but AIDS-related stigma persists in the United States. Our aim was to assess the prevalence and impact of AIDS-related stigma in non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic communities. A cross-sectional computer-assisted telephone-interview survey was conducted in summer 2003 with African-American, Afro-Caribbean, Haitian, and Hispanic 18–39 year-old residents of 12 high AIDS-incidence areas in Broward County, Florida. Stigma items were adopted from national surveys, but interviews were conducted in Spanish and Haitian Creole as well as in English.
Visibly black people of African and African-Caribbean descent (black people) are 2-5 times more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia and other psychoses than their counterparts from other ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom. However, the symptomology of psychotic illnesses and dissociative experiences are difficult to differentiate. Interestingly, black people detained under the Mental Health Act are more likely to give perceived racism as the cause of their emotional distress than their counterparts from other ethnic groups, but there is very little indication in the literature as to how perceived racism might exert its effect on black people's mental health.
The Caribbean space is characterized by its cultural pluralism and is the scene of one of the most complex processes of syncretism and transculturation in America. Music, as an element of integration and at the same time of regional differentiation, is deeply rooted in the collective consciousness of the people of the Caribbean and is strongly associated with the identity that defines the region.
This essay argues that the 2005 documentary Ring of Fire: The Emile Griffith Story uses narrative strategies that link it with the 2004 Abu Ghraib abuse scandal. The film tells the story of a Caribbean-born boxer who killed his Cuban-born opponent in the ring for allegedly calling him a homosexual.
Draws upon 14 semi-structured interviews with the participants in a teacher-researcher project on the theme of "ensuring African Caribbean attainment" with the aim of shedding light on the purposes, processes and lived experiences of teacher research in a difficult and contentious intellectual and practical domain.
Study aims to identify the major factors underlying the discrepancy in poverty levels between whites and blacks in Brazil. Results show that the characteristics effect explains a large part of the discrepancy in poverty levels: education and labor variables explain one-half of the gap, and geographic and sociodemographic variables another two-fifths.
The central aim of this study is to estimate prevalence, ages of onset, severity, and associated disability of anxiety disorders among African Americans, Caribbean Blacks, and non-Hispanic whites in the U.S.
Analyzes the situation of English-speaking African-Caribbeans in Canada as they strive to attain upward social & economic mobility. Census data, 1981-2007, and qualitative data obtained during 2004-2007 interviews with 90 African-Caribbeans living in Halifax, Toronto, and Calgary are drawn on to explored their employment and education experiences, along with perceptions of racism and how it has impacted their opportunities, health, and well-being.
Explores Caribbean oral tradition in youth literature. Amerindian and African influences are discussed alongside representation of oral culture in Jamaican texts. Also explains the connection between African-Amerindian oral tradition in Guyanese stories.
Compares curricular, ceremonial and pedagogical practices with how students and teachers make sense of racial identity and discrimination at the Jaime Hurtado Academy in the city and province of Esmeraldas, Ecuador, which is the only region of the nation where Afro-Ecuadorian people comprise a majority of the population. Finds that schooling was structured as a regime of equality, where social science textbooks make invisible the concepts of race and Blackness while school ceremonies enforced membership to the nation. Shows through an examination of how students and teachers make sense of racial identity and discrimination that race was a significant factor shaping teaching and learning at the research site and argue that schooling practices are implicated in this process by attempting to submerge racial and cultural differences.
When Ernesto Estupinan Quintero was elected mayor of the city of Esmeraldas, Ecuador, in 2000, he was the first self-identifying Black person to reach this position. The city of Esmeraldas is the capital of the only province of the nation where Afro-Ecuadorians are the largest racial and cultural group. Immediately upon his election, Ernesto began commissioning murals and statues that contested traditional representations of Blackness.
In the past two decades, migration scholars have revised and revitalized assimilation theory to study the large and growing numbers of migrants from Latin America, Asia, and the Caribbean and their offspring in the United States. Neoclassical and segmented assimilation theories seek to make sense of the current wave of migration that differs in important ways from the last great wave at the turn of the 20th century and to overcome the conceptual shortcomings of earlier theories of assimilation that it inspired. This article examines some of the central assumptions and arguments of the new theories.
The mental health needs of African and Caribbean men is an area for public concern. A substantial body of research shows that these groups are disproportionately represented in mental health statistics. Eradicating the disparities in mental health treatment and outcomes for Black people requires changes in how these communities are viewed. Making services more humane at the interpersonal level is deeply important. Mental health services should build positive working relationships with black men and engage with the ideals they have of themselves.
Ethnic and national identities of 11-16-year-old British Africans and Caribbeans were examined. Adolescents ranked ethnicity as more important than age, gender or nationality, stereotyped Caribbeans/Africans more positively than British and derived more pride from ethnicity than nationality. England was the least popular answer to 'where are you from', but more Caribbeans versus Africans chose this category and older Caribbeans described themselves as more 'British' than older Africans.
Discusses the impact of general strikes held in the French Caribbean territories as of April 2009. Notes that the strikes in the French islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique is an indication of the weakening hold of France on its territories. Cites that the success of the strikes resulted in pay increases and benefits for poor laborers, while other island communities like La Reunion have begun mass actions calling for the same demands and self-determination for black people.
The findings of a questionnaire survey distributed to 153 female university students in Barbados and Jamaica in 2008 reveal the attitudes to diverse female sexualities in the Caribbean. The participants in the survey discussed changing beliefs about sexuality in Caribbean society. The findings show that slowly, as a consequence of globalization and the mass media, people are increasingly open-minded about sex. Women are confidently expressing and increasingly asserting themselves as equal partners. There is greater debate in Caribbean society about female same-sex relationships, and deeper awareness of sexual harassment is evident. Nevertheless, for some respondents, the same degrading notions of women as sex objects and promiscuous beings continue to exist.
Recent research has shown blacks are not all equally disadvantaged when compared with whites. In some cases blacks surpass whites in terms of median income, especially foreign-born blacks. Yet, blacks fare worse when compared with whites on indicators of asset ownership. Despite that, some black ethnic groups including those with roots in the Caribbean or from Africa have been shown to have higher rates of home ownership and higher housing values than African-Americans.
The article reviews the book "Black Atlantic Religion: Tradition, Transnationalism, and Matriarchy in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé," by J. Lorand Matory. "My extensive use of superlatives throughout this review should make it clear that I find the book to be invaluable and extraordinarily well researched. With that said, Black Atlantic Religion is not for the reader interested in the spiritual and/or practical side of Candomblé (e.g., practices/rituals, theology, internal hierarchy, etc.). In fact, I would argue that by focusing on the humanity of the practitioners (their interests, desires, strategies, and ideologies), Matory depicts Candomblé more as a political organization than a religious one." --Michael Iyanaga
Reviews Sybille Fischer's Modernity Disavowed; Haiti and the Cultures of Slavery in the Age of Revolution (2004); Patricia D. Fox's Being and Blackness in Latin America; Uprootedness and Improvisation (2006); Eleuterio Santiago-Dîaz's Escritura of ropuertorriqueòa y modernidad (2007); and Lucîa M. Suârez's The Tears of Hispaniola; Haitian and Dominican Diaspora Memory (2006).
The disruptions and transformations caused by the slave trade are largely demographic and cultural. It was through this extended and traumatic forced population transfer that Caribbean colonies across the board became dominantly black communities. For these island nations and territories, the inescapable fact of their blackness had always marked a tangible and material link with their origins in Africa. Jamaica was home to more rebellions than all of the other British islands combined, proof positive of the continuing identitarian role of African culture in the Caribbean during the period of slavery. Colonization's phenomenon of ethnocultural creolization marked an interpenetration of populations and practices originating both from the colonial metropole and from the African continent, such that long-held notions of race and social stratification would be have to be revised as independence approached, posing a set of complex tensions effectively articulated in Michelle Cliff's novel Abeng.
West African powers in the Caribbean have often been studied as important cultural and religious formations. This article treats them as ontological formations by collapsing the modern opposition between reason/knowledge and power/force. The distinction between the "knowing" West anchored in a unified scientific reason and the "believing" Rest who trust in many cultures is therefore refused. With the above prerequisite in mind, a new approach to creolization, termed "tukontology," is deployed to reveal a Kuhnian type paradigm shift in the war-medicine of blacks on British West Indian plantations between 1645 and emancipation in 1838.
Explores the multiple ways in which diverse individuals negotiate the nature of U.S. racial and ethnic categories in terms of self-descriptive labels. Draws from narratives of 100 individuals who participated in 13 different focus groups over a 9-month period (September 2006 to May 2007). Through their everyday rhetoric, individuals who were born primarily in the Caribbean or Central and South America and then immigrated to the US were most likely to resist essentialist racial and ethnic labels.
Examines racial politics in Brazil by analyzing the city of Salvador da Bahia's cultural policies over time and their relationship to national ideology and racial identity in Brazil more generally. It argues that the re-Africanization of Salvador's Carnival and its historical center, the Pelourinho, although initially products of the mobilization of Afro-Bahians themselves, have become institutionalized and ironically serve today as testaments to Brazil's diversity, tolerance, and integration.
Controversy exploded in 2005 over a paper at the Annual Conference of the Royal Geographical Society and the Institute of British Geographers which claimed that ethnic segregation in Britain was increasing, ghettos had formed and some British cities were more segregated than Chicago. The paper asserted that indexes failed to measure segregation and should be abandoned in favour of a threshold schema of concentrations using raw data. These assertions were repeated by Trevor Phillips, Director the Commission for Racial Equality, in an inflammatory speech claiming that Britain was sleepwalking into American-style segregation. The argument of this paper is that the index approach is indeed necessary, that ethnic segregation in Britain is decreasing, that the threshold criteria for the claim that British ghettos exist has manufactured ghettos rather than discovered them. A Pakistani ghetto under the schema could be 40 per cent Pakistani, 30 per cent White, 20 per cent Indian and 10 per cent Caribbean. In 2000, 60 per cent of Chicago's Blacks lived in a true ghetto of tracts that were 90-100 per cent Black. Adapted from the source document.
Perron,Brian E. (Author), Alexander-Eitzman,Ben (Author), Watkins,Daphne (Author), Taylor,Robert Joseph (Author), Baser,Ray (Author), Neighbors,Harold W. (Author), and Jackson,James S. (Author)
Format:
Journal Article
Publication Date:
2009
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Prior research has shown that minority groups experience greater levels of disability associated with psychiatric and substance use conditions due to barriers to treatment. This study compares African Americans, Caribbean Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites regarding their probability of making treatment contacts over time, using a combined sample of African Americans and Caribbean Blacks from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL) and non-Hispanic Whites from the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication (NCS-R).
Journal Article, Examines the power-evasive reduction of 'race,' racial conflict, and racial subordination from the terrain of the social, material, and structural to the 'private' realm of affect and emotions, in an effort to explain how neoliberalism operates in the everyday lives of U.S.-born Latino and Latin American migrant youth, particularly, young, working-class Puerto Rican and Brazilian women in Newark, New Jersey. Argues that urban neoliberalism has been complicit in generating new racial configurations in the United States and that, in the case of populations of Latin American and Spanish-speaking Caribbean backgrounds, such articulations of difference have deployed a variation of 'racial democracy' ideologies.
[Unedited] John Blacking's most lasting legacy to ethnomusicology has been his view of humanity as inherently musical. He claimed that because humans are endowed with 'musical intelligence', they are able to communicate transculturally. By drawing on historical material associated with colonial encounters in the eighteenth century gold mines of Brazil, this paper assesses the ways in which music mediated social relations in this tense environment. The discovery of gold in the region now known as Minas Gerais prompted a rapid relocation that placed thousands of people of diverse backgrounds in a single isolated setting, including white metropolitans and vast numbers of African slaves of diverse ethnicities. Soon a mulatto population would emerge, outnumbering whites by around 1740. A central strategy in organizing this complex social sphere involved musical performance and pageantry within a theatrical baroque street culture promoted by lay brotherhoods. The grand processions associated with these festivals created spaces for a range of musical performances, testing their potential for transcultural communication. The analysis of these musical spaces suggests that musical performance was one of the few arenas for human-human interaction across the economic and racial divides in this slave-based society.
In characterizing the desperate journeys undertaken by African and Haitian refugees as today's "middle passages," Caryl Phillips's A Distant Shore and Edwidge Danticat's "Children of the Sea" complicate the idea of a single origin to a transatlantic black Diaspora. The term 'middle passage' is more recently used to describe multiple crossings that transform the meaning of Diaspora into a vital and ongoing process.
Examined differences within the black population by separately examining the prevalence of inpatient treatment of African Americans and U.S.- and foreign-born Caribbean blacks. Used a population-based sample of 9,371 community-dwelling adults, including 3,570 African Americans, 1,621 blacks of Caribbean descent, and 4,180 non-Hispanic whites. Concludes that disparities between blacks and whites in the prevalence of psychiatric inpatient treatment appear to be persistent, but global comparisons mask important heterogeneity within the black population.
This article uses a Latina/o critical theory perspective to examine thirty Afro-Caribbean youths' experiences with and perceptions of New York City police. Study findings highlight respondents' views that aggressive policing tactics are intended to restrict and criminalize Latino/a youths' use of public space.
[Unedited] Considering a set of selected papers and texts from the 19th and 20th c., the ethnic discourses created around the Chilean genre (zama)cueca and its consequences are discussed. From a theoretical framework rooted in the idea of textual canon, the consolidation of the mestizo idea (or mixed race idea) over indigenous and black discourses describe, on the one hand, how these discourses connect concepts such authenticity and nationality, but on the other hand, how they exclude other narratives, promoting the imaginary of the Chilean culture through essentialist speculations., [unedited non–English abstract received by RILM] El presente ensayo ofrece una reflexión sobre los discursos creados en torno a la etnicidad del género (zama)cueca a través del análisis de una selección de textos escritos entre los siglos XIX y XX. A partir de un marco conceptual centrado en la idea de canon como texto con poder representativo, se analiza la consolidación de lo mestizo al interior de estos discursos y la forma en que éstos vincularon la danza con las ideas de autenticidad y nacionalidad, excluyendo otros relatos del canon y alimentando el imaginario cultural de lo chileno por medio de especulaciones de carácter esencialista.; [Unedited] The complexity of Cuba's history, politics, and cultural makeup is surpassed only by the religious intricacies that animate its contemporary landscape. Spanish Catholicism and West African Lucumi religions, as well as their syncretized offspring, have long dominated religious scholarship. However, there is an escalating force that has the possibility to change Cuba's spiritual scene in the coming decades. Protestantism, brought to the country by American missionaries after the Spanish-American war in 1898, has been increasing in popularity in recent years. Many contemporary Cuban Protestant denominations have embraced 21st-c. modernity by incorporating popular styles into church music, using technology to increase interaction during services, and allowing charismatic worship practices to enter the church. All of these changes have made Protestantism a magnet for new believers. This dissertation examines the culture of Cuban evangelical churches and takes specific notice of an emergent genre of music that is appearing in several denominations. Alabanza y adoración (praise and worship) music, though not novel to the United States, has taken on new meaning in the worship services of Havana's metropolitan congregations. This music is significant because it marks a shift from the traditionalism of hymnody to the progressivism multi-influenced praise and worship. Popular music styles of Cuba such as salsa and son along with the global sounds of praise and worship music from the United States and Latin America have been adopted to fit the needs of Cuban congregations. I explore the world of Havana's evangelical subculture through field data gathered from interviews and observation of church services. I consider what it means to be a 'Christian' in Cuba as well as what it means to be a member of an evangelical denomination, two sources of identity in tension with one another. The Iglesia Metodista Unida (United Methodist Church), Iglesia Evangélica Pentecostal Asambleas de Dios (Assemblies of God Pentecostal Evangelical Church), and the Fraternidad Bautista (Baptist Fraternity) are the main field sites that provide case studies for this dissertation. Additionally, I examine the layered experiences within the subculture, particularly those of youth and Afro-Cuban participants.
In 2004, Eduardo Bonilla-Silva published an article in which he argued that the US system of race is beginning to resemble that of Latin America. This article is a critical reply to Bonilla-Silva’s Latin Americanization thesis. The author introduces a Latin American perspective.
Examines differences in reports of spirituality among African Americans, Caribbean Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites using data from the National Survey of American Life. African Americans were most likely to endorse statements regarding the importance of spirituality in their lives and self-assessments of spirituality, followed by Caribbean Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites. African Americans and Caribbean Blacks had significantly higher levels of spirituality than did non-Hispanic Whites. However, there were no significant differences in spirituality between African Americans and Caribbean Blacks.
Reviews a novel about the lives of a mixed-race British/American family living in the United States. In its depiction of African Americans, White Americans, Britons, and Caribbean immigrants, the book demonstrates Americans' obsession with race. In addition to the contrast between desires for racial authenticity and class mobility, Smith’s novel exposes the variability of Black America, and especially the intersection between class and race.
Examines the mastery of mothering skills and satisfaction with associated health services in women who had recently given birth in Montreal. Compares experience between women of two distinct ethnocultural groups: Anglophone Euro-Canadian and Anglophone Afro-Caribbean. The overall aim is to discern differentials in the mastery of mothering skills and associated satisfaction with maternal and child health services.
The links between social connectedness and the health experiences of men have been a neglected focus for research. Findings indicate that African-Caribbean and white working-class fathers, in the United Kingdom, were involved in solitary ways of feeling, thinking, and acting to deal with the vulnerability associated with health concerns, the psychological experience of stress, and difficulties in personal relationships. Those solitary experiences were associated, within men's stories, with conservative and complicit forms of masculinity.
Writer Zora Neale Hurston notes the identity and culture of the Africans in the U.S., in which there is struggle in resisting with violence against the slave societies and racial discrimination to maintain the culture. Mentions the association of black ritual practices on Hurston's writings, "Mules and Men" and "Moses, Man of the Mountain," where slavery is considered as factor of spreading the folk arts.
This paper explores Africa's engagements with the Diaspora in South America. It argues that the linkages have far deeper roots than is generally recognized by focusing on nineteenth-century demographic and cultural flows. The paper begins by offering broad conceptual notes on the complex connections between homelands and host lands in the Diaspora experience. This is followed by a brief survey of physical movements between South America and Africa in the nineteenth century. Finally, it looks at the cultural dimensions of this relationship, specifically focusing on religious developments and exchanges.
Crocoll,Sophie (Author) and Steiner,Susan (Author)
Format:
Journal Article
Language:
German
Publication Date:
2009
Published:
Hamburg, Germany: Institut fur Iberoamerika-Kunde (IIK), GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies/Leibniz-Institut fur Globale und Regionale Studien
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Analyzes the growing problem of poverty and international efforts during various financial crises in Latin America and the Caribbean regions. The authors focus primarily on Honduras, Mexico and Argentina, examining each nations separate crises over two decades through data collected by the United Nations (UNDP) and Comision Economica para America Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
"In this paper the process of creolisation will be considered through analysis of the wills and testaments of African, black and mixed-race women in nineteenth-century Salvador da Bahia, Brazil. As primary sources these will and testaments provide evidence concerning material, social and cultural markers of creolisation." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR];
The author responds to articles in the journal by Kevin Gaines and Patricia Saunders concerning her book Left of Karl Marx: The Political Life of Black Communist Claudia Jones. Particular focus is given to the notion of outsiderness regarding the status of black women and Caribbean women within radical and intellectual traditions. Lessons from the life and political career of political activist Claudia Jones are explored.
"This study, conducted at a historically Black university, evaluated the impact of awareness and internalization of the Western thin ideal of beauty on body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and bulimia in African-American, African, and Caribbean women. The relationship between internalization of the thin ideal and disordered eating was moderated by ethnicity, with the relationship significant only for the African-American grou Internalization functioned as a mediator between awareness of the thin ideal and both drive for thinness and bulimia, but only for the African-American grou These results suggest that the sociocultural model may not be as valuable in predicting eating disturbance in women from non-Western societies." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR];
In St. Vincent and the Grenadines universal secondary education, instituted by 2005, was one of the major pillars of the education revolution intended to propel social and economic advancement. A phased model of implementation was adopted. However, policy implementation required extensive support in critical areas such as physical infrastructural development, curriculum review and development, pedagogy, teacher training and the provision of resources. Implementation was fraught with challenges and the impact necessitated alternative interventions. At the same time, the process underscored the need for a holistic approach to unprecedented reform efforts if quality education is the desired goal.
