1 page., Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Communication Association. Special issue article., Authors meta-analyzed 57 studies, conducted in 13 countries with a cumulative N of 42,854. Findings suggested that while pictorial warnings increased affective and some cognitive risk appraisals, they did not increase beliefs about disease risk.
15 pages., "Images with a negative valence trounced those with a positive tone in frequency and intensity, a finding that favors the more vocal opponents of genetic engineering."
