Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 139 Document Number: D05918
Notes:
Via website of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Geneva, Switzerland. UNCTAD Current Studies on Science, Technology and Innovation, No. 9. 84 pages.
7 pages., Via online journal., A simmering crisis in the Nigerian agriculture today involves labour and the crisis manifests itself in the degree of labour availability, labour demand and labour productivity. One of the major products of this crisis is the increased participation of children in paid, non-familiar agricultural jobs. They are frequently employed as farm labourers, bird scarers, food crop harvesters, processors and hawkers. More than 132 million children work in agriculture. Agriculture ranks as one of the three most dangerous work activities, followed by mining and construction. Child labour is increasing in postharvest processing, transport, marketing and a range of agroindustries. Child labour is maybe one of the most striking indicators identifying vulnerable children and as such pointing to shortcomings in several of the millennium goals as poverty eradication, education for all, gender equality, combating HIV/AIDS and creation of a global partnership for development. Most working children do so after a decision in their parental household. To understand the household labour supply decisions, relation to the labour market and to public interventions is critical in designing programmes in order to achieve the MDGs. The research on child labour represents in this respect a largely untapped resource of knowledge for policymakers in the fields of agriculture, education programmes and poverty reduction programmes. The effect of lack of education opportunities on child labour is well documented, but existence of widespread agricultural child labour also reduces the effectiveness of investment in education. It is recommended in this paper that the legislator should enact laws that will reduce agricultural child labour through redistribution of the nation’s resources, women should be integrated in the fight to combat child labour and that alternative income sources should be provided for rural families whose children are the most vulnerable.
Kenney, Naomi (author) and De la O Campos, Ana Paula (author)
Format:
summary report
Publication Date:
2016-03-03
Published:
International: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 30 Document Number: D10571
Notes:
5 pages., via website, FAO., This introduction to a Legal Paper involves a legal assessment tool for gender-equitable land tenure that was developed by the Gender and Land Rights Database of FAO. 5 pages.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 127 Document Number: D11239
Notes:
Online from the Social Sciences Research Network., Literature review, observations, and recommendations involving the effectiveness of self help groups of rural women for empowering them in terms of thrift and financial management. Case studies indicate the impact of credit availability.
12 pages., Online via Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)., Findings showed that women smallholders' uptake was affected by limited access to credit, extension, restricted membership in cooperatives and water user associations, lack of access or user rights to land, skill training, information, and restricted mobility. Authors suggested that expanding off-farm diversification and rural employment opportunities through changing the land tenure system, which is currently state-owned, are essential to enhance women smallholders' access to land and other agricultural inputs.
1 page., September-November issue via online., Digitalisation is improving the agricultural extension system by providing services at the right time, and facilitating adoption of new agronomic practices, resulting in yield improvements and higher incomes for farming households.
Online from publisher website., By embracing modern technology and engaging enthusiastic young people, the work of an NGO in Malawi is extending the reach of agricultural extension across the country.
10 pages, Online via UI Library electronic subscription. Open access., "This paper re-affirms that women make essential contributions to agriculture and rural enterprises across the developing world. But there is much diversity in women's roles and over-generalization undermines policy relevance and planning."
24 pages., Motivation
Women’s empowerment has been an integral part of the discussion on normative coherence for development, but its implementation is not very effective in Myanmar. Gender must be kept at the forefront of policy analysis in order to avoid unintended consequences for women.
Purpose
The article argues that the Government of Myanmar lacks initiatives on women’s economic empowerment, but that social enterprises could prove to be a more appropriate way to implement international norms in gender equality.
Methods and approach
This case study uses descriptive research to verify how social entrepreneurship can contribute to women's empowerment by increasing women’s participation in the labour market. The empirical part of this study is based on field research undertaken in February 2019.
Findings
In Myanmar, there is still a gap between normative policies and social practices. Women’s legal and actual equality cannot be realized by law and philosophy alone, but also depends on a shift in political, economic, and social actions to ensure that women can participate in the public sphere on an equal basis as men, and enjoy equal economic opportunities. The article explores the role that social enterprises are already playing as an example of how international development norms are implemented at the local level.
Policy implications
The article highlights the appropriateness of social enterprises as catalysts of gender equality and as agents of normative gender coherence for development. Social enterprises take an inclusive and sustainable approach to addressing issues, making women’s livelihoods central.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: C25555
Notes:
Pages 165-177 in I. Guijt and M.K. Shaw (eds.), The myth of community: gender issues in participatory development. Intermediate Technology Publications, London. 288 pages.
Via ProQuest., Uses of community radio to help rural residents gain a voice, solve their problems, improve health, build communities and reduce poverty.
Barcellos, Gilsa Helena (author) and Ferreira, Simone Batista (author)
Format:
Book
Publication Date:
2008-02
Published:
Uruguay: World Rainforest Movement
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: C27801
Notes:
Posted online at http://http://www.wrm.org.uy/countries/Brazil/Book_Women.pdf, 59 pp., Impacts of eucalyptus monocultures on indigenous and Quilombola women in the State of Espirito Santo.
Bharamappanavara, S.C. (author) and Hanisch, M. (author)
Format:
Abstract
Publication Date:
2010-09-14
Published:
India
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 178 Document Number: C30724
Notes:
Paper presented at Tropentag 2010, Conference on International Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development, Zurich, Switzerland, September 14-16, 2010. 1 page.
Beaton, Brian (author), O'Donnell, Susan (author), McKelvey, Fenwick (author), and Centre for Community Networking Research, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
Format:
Paper
Publication Date:
2008-10-27
Published:
Canada
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 178 Document Number: C35692
Notes:
Community Informatics Research Network (CIRN) Conference 2008, Prato, Italy, October 27-30, 2008. 13 pages.
