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2. An Interview with Mónica Carrillo
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Marcus D. Jones (Author) and Ana Martinez (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- The Johns Hopkins University Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Callaloo
- Journal Title Details:
- 34(2) : 321-543
3. Book Discussion: Faith Smith, Creole Recitations: John Jacob Thomas and Colonial Formation in the Late Nineteenth-Century Caribbean [Special Section]
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011-07
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism (SmallAxe)
- Journal Title Details:
- 35 : 164-208
4. 'If You Don't Move Your Feet Then I Don''t Eat': Hip Hop and the Demand for Black Labor
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Birkhold,Matthew (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011 /Winter
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Race/Ethnicity: Multidisciplinary Global Contexts
- Journal Title Details:
- 4(2) : 303-321
- Notes:
- Building on Robin D. G. Kelley's (1998) argument that hip hop constitutes a form of play-labor for working-class black youth, this article argues that the creation of hip hop as a form of racialized play-labor in the 1970s constitutes an Afro-diasporic labor regime and can best be understood as such when located within a specific period of racial capitalism in the United States characterized by a low demand for formal black labor. Accordingly, this paper argues that the emergence of hip hop in the South Bronx can be explained by the way in which several social-political factors dictated by the needs of the world economy converged with the resistance and labor of black people in the United States and the Anglo-Caribbean in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
5. After Federation, What?
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Brodber,Erna (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Moving Worlds: A Journal of Transcultural Writings (MovingW)
- Journal Title Details:
- 11(1) : 6-13
6. 'Only His Hat Is Left': John Jacob Thomas, Eric Roach, and the Nationalist's Dilemma
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Cobham,Rhonda (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011-07
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism (SmallAxe)
- Journal Title Details:
- 35 : 174-185
- Notes:
- Faith Smith's analysis, in Creole Recitations, of the nineteenth-century scholar John Jacob Thomas's often contradictory allegiances offers us a way of reading the counterintuitively parallel career of the poet Eric Roach a century later. Roach is the subject of Laurence Breiner's monograph Black Yeats: Eric Roach and the Politics of Caribbean Poetry (2008). The positions Smith and Breiner ascribe to Thomas and Roach, respectively, articulate an enduring Caribbean contradiction between an aspiration to erudition on the one hand and the urgency of self-representation on the other. This essay argues that by obscuring the full range of Thomas' positions, which Smith's study so fully recuperates, and denigrating those same positions in Roach's work, which Breiner's study resuscitates, nationalist elites obfuscate their own connections to the full range of colonial and nationalist values by which they, too, have been influenced.
7. Metaphors and the Reclamation of Blackness in Derek Walcott's Dream on Monkey Mountain
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Crossley,Scott (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011 /Spring
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Caribbean Literatures
- Journal Title Details:
- 7(1) : 15-32
8. A Shoah Classic Resurfacing: The Strange Destiny of The Last of the Just (André Schwarz-Bart) in the African Diaspora
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Gyssels,Kathleen (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011 /Fall
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Prooftexts: A Journal of Jewish Literary History (Prooftexts)
- Journal Title Details:
- 31(3) : 229-262
- Notes:
- Although André Schwarz-Bart's first novel, Le dernier des justes, was awarded the Prix Goncourt in 1959, the novel and author remained in the margins of 'canonized' Shoah literature. Numerous readers and anthologies exclude the francophone Polish Jewish author who turned to the African diaspora as a parallel universe to write about the haunting specter of the concentration-camp universe and Auschwitz. In this article, I will demonstrate how two of the most prolific and talented young African-American novelists and critics have 'borrowed' from this tour de force (without openly admitting it). John Edgar Wideman and Caryl Phillips write back, in various ways, to this neglected masterpiece. Both have recognized in this pioneering cross-racial approach the 'multidimensional' memory connecting black and Jewish diasporas. Indeed, André Schwarz-Bart intertwined all of his (auto-) fictional writing with the traumas suffered by black (Caribbean) people. It is, therefore, all the more problematic that this writer in the margins has been doubly excluded: almost absent in 'Holocaust Studies,' he remains 'silenced' in the francophone Caribbean realm by novelists and critics of the post-Négritude movement (Chamoiseau and Confiant, Glissant). This deception left the author shattered and hollow, like his main protagonists, Ernie Lévy from The Last of the Just, Mariotte in Un plat de porc (1967), or Solitude from La mulâtresse Solitude (1972), as he confesses in his posthumous 'circumfession/testament' L'Etoile du matin (Morning Star, 2009).
9. Parallel Performances? Color, Gender, and Class in Emily Cartwright of Cambridge and Harriet Amron of The Chosen Place, the Timeless People
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Harris,Ena (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011 /Spring
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Caribbean Literatures
- Journal Title Details:
- 7(1) : 33-50
10. 'A Thorn in the Side of Great Britain': C. L. R. James and the Caribbean Labour Rebellions of the 1930s
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Høgsbjerg,Christian (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011-07
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism (SmallAxe)
- Journal Title Details:
- 35 : 24-42
- Notes:
- This essay examines C. L. R. James's relationship to the heroic and inspiring arc of labour rebellions that swept the colonial British Caribbean during the 1930s. The essay begins by discussing James's 1932 work putting the case for West Indian self-government, The Life of Captain Cipriani, and its generally positive reception in the Caribbean. We then turn to the 'outbreak of democracy' represented by the Trinidad general strike in 1937 and James's attempt to rally solidarity with this and subsequent rebellions elsewhere while in the imperial metropole itself as a leading member of the International African Service Bureau. Finally, this essay stresses how the Caribbean labour rebellions themselves, with their demonstration of the 'modernity' of the mass of working people in the West Indies and apparent vindication of the Marxist theory of permanent revolution, played their part in the shaping of James's majestic The Black Jacobins.
11. from The Louis Till Blues Project
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- John Edgar Wideman (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- The Johns Hopkins University Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Callaloo
- Journal Title Details:
- 34(1) : 1-17
12. Black Europe and the African Diaspora (review)
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Mahriana Rofheart (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- The Johns Hopkins University Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Callaloo
- Journal Title Details:
- 34(3) : 975-977
13. Blackness and the Creole Multiracial Subject in Margaret Cezair-Thompson's True History of Paradise and Robert Antoni's Carnival
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Mordecai,Rachel L. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011 /Fall
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Wadabagei: A Journal of the Caribbean and its Diaspora
- Journal Title Details:
- 13(3) : 26-49
14. At Home and Abroad: Historicizing Twentieth-Century Whiteness in Literature and Performance (review)
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Nalda Báez Ferrer (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- The Johns Hopkins University Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Callaloo
- Journal Title Details:
- 34(3) : 969-972
15. The Architectures of Black Identity: Buildings, Slavery, and Freedom in the Caribbean and the American South
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Nelson,Louis P. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011-11
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Winterthur Portfolio: A Journal of American Material Culture (WPo)
- Journal Title Details:
- 45(2-3) : 177-194
- Notes:
- This article argues against the long-standing penchant to interpret the architecture of enslaved and free Africans in the Americas as evidence of West African cultural survivals. Conversely, this article reflects on the recent practice of repurposing amortized and discarded shipping containers to suggest that the earliest generation of free blacks in Jamaica similarly erected creative architectural responses to the intense pressures of colonialism. These buildings represent strategies by free blacks to fashion a way of life with limited material availability, shaped by intensive climatic conditions and oppressive racial injustices.
16. Beyond the Slave Ship: Theorizing the Limbo Imagination and Black Atlantic Performance Geographies
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Niaah,Sonjah Stanley (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011-10
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Comparativ: Leipziger Beiträge zur Universalgeschichte und Vergleichenden Gesellschaftsforschung
- Journal Title Details:
- 21(5) : 11-30
- Notes:
- Using theories of performance geography, the author considers how black music and dance, especially the slave ship dance Limbo, create an urban counter-culture that evokes historic transcultural experiences of the Middle Passage, space, and modernity. Social theories of scholars including Michel Foucault, Paul Gilroy, and Catherine Nash are considered. Other topics include cultural geography, the Maroons of Jamaica, and dance customs of Trinidad. Interrelationships between performances at the Dancehall in Kingston, Jamaica, Blues music, and South African Kwaito music are explored.
17. The Nineteenth-Century Roots of Postcolonial Caribbean Discourse: Transnationalism and Anticolonialism in Creole Recitations
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Nwankwo,Ifeoma Kiddoe (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011-07
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism (SmallAxe)
- Journal Title Details:
- 35 : 186-196
- Notes:
- Apart from the fact that it is one of very few book-length studies of a Caribbean-based British Caribbean black intellectual from the nineteenth century, and one of even fewer written by a literary studies scholar, Faith L. Smith's Creole Recitations stands out because of the light it sheds on the mechanics of anglophone Afro-Caribbean intellectual formation, self-representation, and epistemology posited in newspapers, nonfiction books, and speeches produced in the Caribbean during this period. This article is a reading of a conceptual thread that runs through Smith's book—the ways in which the approaches to transnational engagement embedded within English colonialism are at once accepted, interrogated, or utilized by Caribbean public figures in the nineteenth century. As such, Smith's book provides a way for us to situate modern Caribbean studies within an intellectual genealogy and a model for contextualizing the issues, experiences, and approaches that began to be highlighted with the advent of postcolonial studies.
18. The Audacity of Faith: Creole Recitations Explained
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Rosenberg,Leah (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011-07
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism (SmallAxe)
- Journal Title Details:
- 35 : 164-173
- Notes:
- Faith Smith's Creole Recitations offers a feminist critique and compelling alternative to the dominant narratives of Trinidadian and black nationalism. Smith's analysis of Thomas's participation in the anglophone Caribbean public sphere of the late nineteenth century makes visible that already in the 1870s, Thomas defined creole identity as normative and national in part by contrasting it to Indian and other ethnic identities. Smith illuminates the significant role women and womanhood played in the construction of creole identity and respectable middle-class nationalism. As importantly, Smith offers 'recitation' as a model for understanding social and cultural formation in the Caribbean. In contrast to the long-held view that recitation was necessarily an alienating act of mimicry, Smith reveals that recitation functioned as a creative process used both to resist and to appropriate colonial discourse. Through it, Thomas and other Afro-Caribbean intellectuals shaped the perception and material reality of their individual, ethnic, and national communities.
19. The Construction of Afro-Caribbean Cultural Identity in the Poetry of Linton Kwesi Johnson
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Sarikaya,Dilek (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011 /Spring
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Caribbean Literatures
- Journal Title Details:
- 7(1) : 161-175
20. 'Only His Hat Is Left'? Resituating Not-Yet Narratives
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Smith,Faith (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011-07
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism (SmallAxe)
- Journal Title Details:
- 35 : 197-208
- Notes:
- This essay uses the three interlocutors' reflections to return to Creole Recitations, and to reconsider Thomas's nineteenth century as an arena for thinking about Caribbean male intellectuals' self-fashioning and desire, diaspora and degeneration, the sexual politics of creolization, and what it means to think of the period as merely preceding the anglophone Caribbean's important political and cultural developments.
21. 'Black' British Literary Studies and the Emergence of a New Canon: a review article
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Sommer,Roy (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Orbis Litterarum: International Review of Literary Studies
- Journal Title Details:
- 66(3) : 238-248
22. Heading South: Love/Sex, Necropolitics, and Decolonial Romance
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Tate,Shirley (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011-07
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism (SmallAxe)
- Journal Title Details:
- 35 : 43-58
- Notes:
- Reading Heading South as a decolonial romance reveals anxiety about the liminal location of young male citizens in 1970s Haiti caught within the necropower of state terror and US imperialism. Focusing on young men selling 'romance' on the beach within the continuing colonial relations between the United States and Haiti and black and white bodies, the film engages with the limits of transracial, heterosexual romance in sex tourism. The impossibility of romance shows that for Haitian citizens, nationalist redemption lies in politics not in transracial intimacies. However, politics is itself necropolitical, since death is the only passage to narratable citizenship. As a decolonial moment, death speaks about the necropower of daily existence for Haitian citizens caught between state terror and US imperialism; asserts agency in the 'will to death in order to be free'; and highlights the disposability and (un)grievability of poor, young black bodies in Baby Doc Duvalier's Haiti.
23. Gone Pop: Michael Joseph Jackson
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Thomas Sayers Ellis (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- The Johns Hopkins University Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Callaloo
- Journal Title Details:
- 34(1) : 42-62
24. Dieu est mon pilote à Tanqueray
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Andrea E. Shaw (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- Duke University Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Small Axe
- Journal Title Details:
- 15(2) : 154-163
25. Environmental justice in Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Bell,Karen (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- May 2011
- Published:
- United Kingdom: Sage Publications Ltd.
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Critical Social Policy
- Journal Title Details:
- 31(2) : 241-265
- Notes:
- 'Environmental justice' refers to the human right to a healthy and safe environment, a fair share of natural resources, access to environmental information and participation in environmental decision-making. Some analysts have argued that environmental justice is undermined by the political economy of capitalism. This paper builds on this analysis by evaluating the environmental justice situation in Cuba, a country where there is little capitalist influence. Evidence is based on participant observation and interviews in Cuba, as well as secondary quantitative data. The research findings suggest that Cuba fares relatively well in terms of environmental justice, but still faces a number of challenges regarding the quality of its environment and some aspects of the environmental decision-making process. However, many of its ongoing problems can be attributed to global capitalist pressures.
26. 'Hay que seguir luchando': struggles that shaped English language learning of four Cuban immigrant women
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Butcher,John S. (Author) and Townsend,Jane S. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Dec 2011
- Published:
- Abingdon UK: Routledge Journals/Taylor & Francis
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education
- Journal Title Details:
- 24(7) : 829-856
- Notes:
- Newly arrived from Cuba, Angelica, Dora, Marina, and Damaris attempted to negotiate new surroundings and immigrant identities, building a sense of home for themselves and their families. Data from qualitative interviews, classroom observations, and focus group conversations revealed hopes that by acquiring English language skills, they would improve their quality of life in their new country. Struggles included personal factors situated in their pasts in Cuba and their new surrounds in the Miami Cuban exile enclave, contexts that were further complicated by uncertain expectations of new lives in Miami and the overwhelming task of learning a new language at a local adult education center.
27. Cuba: Education and Revolution
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- De Quesada,Ricardo Alarcon (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Jul 2011
- Published:
- New York, NY: Monthly Review Foundation
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Monthly Review
- Journal Title Details:
- 63(6) : 136-142
- Notes:
- In 1795, Father Jose Agustin Caballero presented the first project for the creation of a system of public education for all the inhabitants of the island of Cuba. It was a visionary idea, but impossible to carry out at that time. The island was a colonial possession of the Spanish Crown, and most of the population was subjected to slavery or made up of Mestizos and freed blacks, the victims of segregation and racial discrimination.
28. In Search of a Third Space: Fabienne Kanor's Humus
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Dominique Aurélia (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- Duke University Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Small Axe
- Journal Title Details:
- 15(3) : 80-88
29. A Cuban Policy Approach to Sex Education
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Espin,Mariela Castro (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Cuban Studies
- Journal Title Details:
- 42 : 23-34
- Notes:
- Initiatives in the field of sexology and sex education in prerevolutionary Cuba are barely known, as continuity between those experiences and the work carried out during the years following the 1959 revolution have not been researched. The founding of the Federation of Cuban Women (FMC), however, must be considered the product of a long process of political maturity on the part of Cuban women during the first half of the twentieth century, and in the broader context of the FMC, the developments in the fields of sexology and sex education over the past fifty years also must be considered. Drawing on FMC archival holdings, this article sets out a periodization of the four main stages of the revolutionary period of institutionalizing sex education in Cuba, as well as its main challenges.
30. Changes in the Economic Model and Social Policies in Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Espina Prieto,Mayra (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Jul 2011
- Published:
- New York, NY: North American Congress on Latin America, Inc.
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- NACLA Report on the Americas
- Journal Title Details:
- 44(4) : 13-15
- Notes:
- Reforms proposed at the Sixth Communist Party Congress represent a new, third phase of social policy in post-revolutionary Cuba. This new stage has the potential to strengthen social equity in Cuba, improve the socio-economic situation of disparate social groups, and overcome the old limitations of social policy. Yet it could also increase inequality, and at least in the short term, its predicted impacts will be contradictory and ambivalent.
31. The 1937 International Sugar Agreement: Neo-Colonial Cuba and Economic Aspects of the League of Nations
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Fakhri,Michael (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Leiden Journal of International Law
- Journal Title Details:
- 24(4) : 899-922
- Notes:
- To many in the West, the League of Nations was to establish political peace between nations. To the Cuban sugar-producing elite of the 1920s and 1930s, however, the League was an important socioeconomic institution used to augment many of Cuba's first modern state institutions. This article explores how and why Cuban delegates were the principals behind the 1937 International Sugar Agreement.
32. Health Care in the US and Cuba: Searching for the 96%
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Fitz,Don (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Jan 2011
- Published:
- St. Louis, MO: WD Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Synthesis/Regeneration
- Journal Title Details:
- 54 : 29-33
- Notes:
- Don Fitz explains why quality health care does not have to be based on unending expansion of expensive medical technology. Adapted from the source document.
33. Youth and Education in Cuba: Female Social Inclusion Strategy
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Garcia,Maria Isabel Dominguez (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Language:
- Spanish
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- Pittsburgh PA: University of Pittsburgh Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Cuban Studies
- Journal Title Details:
- 42 : 3-22
- Notes:
- Demonstrate how the priority of education in Cuban social policy, from its outset after the 1959 revolution, has privileged women. Statistics chart the rapid increase in educational level and attainment over the decades and the high degree of feminization of higher education and thus the skilled labor force; and today Cuba ranks among the countries with the highest indicators in the United Nations' Millennium Goals with respect to education and gender equity.
34. Thalatta! Tierra!
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Ishion Hutchinson (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- Duke University Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Small Axe
- Journal Title Details:
- 15(2) : 124-134
35. belladonna
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Kamau Brathwaite (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- Duke University Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Small Axe
- Journal Title Details:
- 15(2) : 1-6
36. Lamentin
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Kamau Brathwaite (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- Duke University Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Small Axe
- Journal Title Details:
- 15(3) : 100-101
37. Small Graces
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Lauren K. Alleyne (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- Duke University Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Small Axe
- Journal Title Details:
- 15(2) : 117-123
38. Making-Up Is Hard to Do: Obama's 'New Approach' to Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- LeoGrande,William M. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Jul 2011
- Published:
- New York, NY: North American Congress on Latin America, Inc.
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- NACLA Report on the Americas
- Journal Title Details:
- 44(4) : 38-44
- Notes:
- Campaigning in 2007, Barack Obama promised to end restrictions on remittances and family travel to Cuba, resume "people-to-people" contracts, and engage Cuba on issues of mutual interest. As President, Obama has declared his desire to forge a new "equal partnership" with Latin America. Two months later, the 39th General Assembly of the Organization of American States voted to repeal the 1962 resolution that suspended Cuba fro its ranks.
39. Notes on Red and Black in Haiti
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Michael Deibert (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- Duke University Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Small Axe
- Journal Title Details:
- 15(3) : 155-163
40. Education in Cuba: its foundations and challenges
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Quintero Lopez,Margarita (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Language:
- Portuguese
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- São Paulo, Brazil: University of Sao Paulo
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Estudos Avancados
- Journal Title Details:
- 25(72) : 55-72
- Notes:
- Discusses the importance of education for any nation and for Cuba in particular, examining its political, pedagogical and sociological foundations, and portraying its accomplishments over the last 50 years. The principles underlying the educational policy of the Cuban government are explained, as they underpin the mission of the National Education System (NES) to carry forward educational work in the country.
41. El origen de sones afroantillanos: Perspectivas dominicanas con respecto al “Son de la Ma’ Teodora”
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Bahrs,Karoline, (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Fall; Fall-winter, 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Latin American music review/Revista de música latinoamericana
- Journal Title Details:
- 32(2) : 218-239
- Notes:
- Focuses on interrelations between popular music genres in the Spanish Caribbean exemplifying the Dominican Republic. The genre son has been the source of ideological conflicts for the middle and upper classes, particularly for Dominican musicians and intellectuals. The most urgent inquiry is about the local origin of the so considered primary authentic work, the “Son de la Ma’ Teodora'. Analyzing both historiographic and oral sources, the significance and the symbolic value of the musical genre son in the national history and context are discussed., unedited non–English abstract received by RILM] En este artículo se discuten las interrelaciones entre géneros musicales populares en el Caribe Hispánico tal y como aparecen en la República Dominicana. El género son ha sido fuente de conflictos ideológicos entre las clases media y alta dominicana, así como entre músicos e intelectuales. El asunto más polémico en este sentido gira alrededor del origen local de la así considerada primera obra documentada, el “Son de La Ma’ Teodora”. Haciendo uso de diferentes fuentes historiográficas y orales se discute el significado y valor simbólico del género musical son en relación a la historia nacional dominicana.
42. Discordant beats of pleasure amidst everyday violence: The cultural work of party music in Trinidad
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Guilbault,Jocelyne, (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 01/01; 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- MUSICultures
- Journal Title Details:
- 38 : 7-26
- Notes:
- In spaces of violence, scholars and activists have typically addressed music as sites of resistance. In postcolonial Caribbean, the focus of most studies unsurprisingly has thus been placed on the work music has done for the oppressed—or conversely, on the ways the (neo)colonial regimes have used music to increase their control over the masses. Until recently, few publications have addressed the music that has been performed to fortify and gather people together in times of hardship. In this case, what is at stake is not so much a matter of 'us and them' or of resistance, but rather the ways in which the 'us' is mobilized to strengthen senses of belonging and networks of solidarity. Amidst the escalating everyday violence since the mid-1990s, party music in Trinidad continues to thrive. Instead of dismissing such music as merely a source of escapism or hedonism, I want to examine what makes it so compelling and what it does for people. This paper is based on in-depth study of soca music making and mumerous ethnographic interviews with Trinidadian soca artists and fans over the past 15 years.
43. Salsa/bhangra: Transnational rhythm cultures in comparative perspective
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Kabir,Ananya Jahanara, (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 01/01; 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Music and arts in action
- Journal Title Details:
- 3(3) : 40-55
- Notes:
- The dance-music complexes known as salsa and bhangra have not been subjected to any comparative academic scrutiny, despite clear parallels in their respective histories as cultural processes born out of multiple ruptures and conjunctions, including European colonialism, migrations during the postcolonial period, and transnational cultural and commodity flows. While salsa has resulted from the movement of people, music, and rhythmic cultures across Africa, the Caribbean, and the United States, bhangra evinces their movement across the partitioned space of Punjab, the United Kingdom, and the post-Partition nations of India and Pakistan. Both salsa and bhangra have, moreover, moved beyond original regional ambits to become cultural signifiers (albeit often contested as much as claimed) of wider Latino/a and Desi (pan-South Asian) identities respectively. Undoubtedly, it is the academic and cultural embedding of salsa within a Hispanophone postcolonial paradigm, and of bhangra within its Anglophone counterpart, that has prevented serious comparative work between these two musical expressive cultures which are equally but differently exemplary of the complex relationship between music and migration. Yet across the world, from Delhi to San Francisco, the two dance-music complexes increasingly meet each other in the same space, particularly that of the dance floor. Drawing on such evidence as well as on personal experience of dancing both salsa and bhangra, I will advance in this article a theoretical framework for their comparison as transnational musics, suggesting ways in which such a framework can illuminate the circuits of pleasure and politics that traverse each of these dance musics as embodied histories of a traumatic yet life-affirming postcolonial modernity.
44. Billy Ocean: Sea change
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Kantor,Justin M., (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 01/01; 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Wax poetics
- Journal Title Details:
- 47 : 84-90
- Notes:
- Before finding international success and stardom with a string of well-known radio hits, Billy Ocean grinded on the U.K. circuit for well over a decade. The singer-songwriter released a handful of singles and four relatively unknown albums prior to the breakthrough in the mid-1980s, which included a mix of ballads, Caribbean-influenced R&B, club-shaking disco, synth-filled boogie, and even country-inflected Southern soul. The pre-fame arc of Ocean's career is traced record by record.
45. The French vocal Romance and the sorrows of exile in the early American Republic
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Laurance,Emily, (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 01/01; 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Collected Work: Haydn and his contemporaries.Pages: 153-178.(AN: 2011-05018).
- Notes:
- Examines the transplantation of the vocal romance from France to the Federalist U.S, focusing on romances by Eugène Guilbert (1758–1839) and Jean-Baptiste Renaud de Chateaudun (fl. 1795). The songs are described as both vehicles of nostalgia for the ancien régime and the French colony of Sainte-Domingue, and aspects of the new post-revolutionary reality. Both composers came from the Caribbean region and settled on the East Coast of the U.S.
46. Moving across a stylistic continuum: Tambrin music in Tobago
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Meyer,Andreas, (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 01/01; 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- STM-online
- Journal Title Details:
- 14
- Notes:
- Tambrin music on the Caribbean island of Tobago is traditionally performed to entertain people at weddings and other family celebrations. The genre is also connected with healing ceremonies and the belief in ancestral spirits. It can cause trance and possession. Nevertheless, today’s musicians hardly ever play in these traditional contexts. Opportunities to perform arise from political events, folklore festivals, and concerts for tourists. In consideration of theoretical views concerning cultural contacts, preservation, and staged respectively participatory performances, the article deals with different forms of musical interaction and different ways of playing depending on repertory, individual performers, and performance conditions, based on fieldwork conducted between 1995 and 2009, thus comprising the music of two generations of musicians.
47. Wanaragua: La clave rítmica garífuna como epicentro del mestizaje afroamericano
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Pérez Guarnieri,Augusto, (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 01/01; 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Tradiciones de Guatemala
- Journal Title Details:
- 75 : 173-191
- Notes:
- Considers the characteristic features of Garífuna music, which are intrinsically related to the history of slavery, warfare, miscegenation, and resistance of this people of African and Caribbean ancestry, living today mainly on the Atlantic Coast of Central America and in the U.S. Based on his analysis of the Wanaragua or Yancunú rhythm, performed in Livingston, Guatemala, by dancers wearing shell rattles (illacu) tied to their ankles, and a musical ensemble consisting of two drums (garaón) and gourd rattles (sisira), the author examines the metric ambiguity of its basic “time line” or 'clave' of 3:3:2 as well as the rhythmic flexibility and unpredictability with which the dancers and musicians relate to it, as a musical expression of the social and cultural conditions created by that history, especially by the processes of miscegenation.
48. “Tropical mix”: Afro-Latino space and Notch’s reggaetón
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Rivera,Petra R., (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- May; May, 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Popular music and society
- Journal Title Details:
- 34(2) : 221-235
- Notes:
- Examines how Connecticut-born reggaetón artist Notch incorporates oratorical, visual, and musical cues in his music video, Qué te pica (What's itching you?), to establish connections between Latino and Caribbean communities in the U.S. These communities have typically been disavowed by hegemonic racial categories that distinguish between them. While Notch’s music disrupts these particular racial hierarchies, he also maintains hetero-normative patriarchal relations in his video. An analytic, Afro-Latino space is proposed to account for the ways that reggaetón as a musical genre, and Notch more specifically, unsettle certain distinctions between blackness and Latinidad, while simultaneously relying on stereotypes of black hypermasculinity.
49. Joe Arroyo y La Verdad: Me le fugué a la candela
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Yglesias,Pablo, (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 01/01; 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Collected Work: Wax poetics.49 (2011): Latin issue.Pages: 96.(AN: 2011-12593).
- Notes:
- With Joe Arroyo's passing on 26 July 2011, the world has lost a superstar and true innovator of modern Latin music. His work combined lyrics of protest, romance, and spirituality with a joyful music that was at once fresh and accessible. The sixth album Arroyo put out with La Verdad marked a transition from a less adventurous to a more radical approach, where the diverse mix heard on later records is fully embraced for the first time. With Me le fugué a la candela (I escaped the fire) his players gelled, and the pan-Caribbean sound they became famous for came into its own, especially on side two.
50. Representations of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity in Caribbean Tourism Economies: Haitian and Dominican Migrant Women in St Maarten, Netherlands Antilles
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Aymer,Paula (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Mar 2011
- Published:
- Philadelphia, PA: Routledge/Taylor & Francis
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies
- Journal Title Details:
- 6(1) : 1-25
- Notes:
- Examines Caribbean representations of race, gender and ethnicity, and how these influenced the labor allocations of female migrant workers in St Maarten's tourism economy. From the late 1970s to the 1990s, thousands of poor women from Haiti and the Dominican Republic worked in the service sector of St Maarten's tourism economy. St Maarten's black population, and especially its male residents, interacted with the migrant women, and created gendered and social-sexual images that privileged the Latina/mulatta women over the black Haitian women. These gendered/racial stereotypes helped to incorporate the Haitian and Dominican women into specific and different labor sectors of the tourism economy.
51. "If You Don't Move Your Feet Then I Don't Eat": Hip Hop and the Demand for Black Labor
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Birkhold,Matthew (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Jan 2011
- Published:
- Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Race/Ethnicity: Multidisciplinary Global Contexts
- Journal Title Details:
- 4(2) : 303-321
- Notes:
- Argues that the emergence of hip hop in the South Bronx can be explained by the way in which several social-political factors dictated by the needs of the world economy converged with the resistance and labor of black people in the United States and the Anglo-Caribbean in the late 1960s and early 1970
52. "Tightening the Shackles": The Continued Invisibility of Liverpool's British African Caribbean Teachers
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Boyle,Bill (Author) and Charles,Marie (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Apr 2011
- Published:
- Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Black Studies
- Journal Title Details:
- 42(3) : 427-435
- Notes:
- Reports on the researchers' findings 20 years after Lord Gifford's inquiry into race relations in the city after the 1980s Toxteth riots. Gifford reported on the prevalence of racial attitudes, racial abuse, and racial violence directed against the Black citizens of Liverpool. The authors' research focused on education and specifically the low percentage of Black teachers compared to the whole teaching workforce and the percentage Black population in the city.
53. Ethnicity, Perceived Pubertal Timing, Externalizing Behaviors, and Depressive Symptoms Among Black Adolescent Girls
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Carter,Rona (Author), Caldwell,Cleopatra Howard (Author), Matusko,Niki (Author), Antonucci,Toni (Author), and Jackson,James S. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Oct 2011
- Published:
- Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Youth and Adolescence
- Journal Title Details:
- 40(10) : 1394-1406
- Notes:
- An accumulation of research evidence suggests that early pubertal timing plays a significant role in girls' behavioral and emotional problems. If early pubertal timing is a problematic event, then early developing Black girls should manifest evidence of this crisis because they tend to be the earliest to develop compared to other girls from different racial and ethnic groups. Given the inconsistent findings among studies using samples of Black girls, the present study examined the independent influence of perceived pubertal timing and age of menarche on externalizing behaviors and depressive symptoms in a nationally representative sample of Black girls (412 African American and 195 Caribbean Black; M = 15 years). Path analysis results indicated that perceived pubertal timing effects on externalizing behaviors were moderated by ethnic subgroup. Caribbean Black girls' who perceived their development to be early engaged in more externalizing behaviors than Caribbean Black girls' who perceived their development to be either on-time or late. Age of menarche did not significantly predict Black girls' externalizing behaviors and depressive symptoms. The onset of menarche does not appear to be an important predictor of Black girls' symptoms of externalizing behavior and depression. These findings suggest ethnic subgroup and perceived pubertal timing are promising factors for better understanding the adverse effects of early perceived pubertal timing among Black girls. Adapted from the source document.
54. 'Wine', Women and Song: The More Things Change
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Devonish,Hubert (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Dec 2011
- Published:
- New York, NY: Springer
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Sexuality & Culture
- Journal Title Details:
- 15(4) : 332-344
- Notes:
- Addresses the socially controversial issue of the public expression of sexuality in dance in the Caribbean. Of particular interest is the phenomenon of 'wining' or 'wukkin' up', dancing involving pelvic gyrations. The focus is on changes taking place in societies in which there is supposedly the continued dominance of a male patriarchal figure. Can these changes be anything more than a new form of male control of female sexuality and public sexual expression?
55. Disability Among Native-born and Foreign-born Blacks in the United States
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Elo,Irma T. (Author), Mehta,Neil K. (Author), and Huang,Cheng (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Feb 2011
- Published:
- New York, NY: Springer Science+Business Media
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Demography (Demography)
- Journal Title Details:
- 48(1) : 241-265
- Notes:
- Examines differences in disability among eight black subgroups distinguished by place of birth and Hispanic ethnicity. We found that all foreign-born subgroups reported lower levels of physical activity limitations and personal care limitations than native-born blacks. Immigrants from Africa reported lowest levels of disability, followed by non-Hispanic immigrants from the Caribbean.
56. Immigration and the health of U.S. black adults: Does country of origin matter?
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Hamilton,Tod G. (Author) and Hummer,Robert A. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Social science & medicine
- Journal Title Details:
- 73(10) : 1551-1560
- Notes:
- Uses data on both region and country of birth for black immigrants in the United States and methodology that allows for the identification of arrival cohorts to test whether there are sending country differences in the health of black adults in the United States. Results show that African immigrants maintain their health advantage over U.S.-born black adults after more than 20 years in the United States. In contrast, black immigrants from the Caribbean who have been in the United States for more than 20 years appear to experience some downward health assimilation.
57. The "third space" Leonora Miano novelist afropeenne
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Laurent,Sylvie (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Language:
- French
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- Paris, France: EHESS
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines
- Journal Title Details:
- 204 : 769-810
- Notes:
- The examination of Leonora Miano's work offers a great example of how, through literature, a new form of Negritude could be identified. This paper intends to highlight her American (including Caribbean) literary inspirations and how the rising Franco-Cameronese novelist has compounded them with her African upbringing and family ties which allows her to reflect on what she calls "Afropeaness".
58. Comparisons of the success of racial minority immigrant offspring in the United States, Canada and Australia
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Reitz,Jeffrey G. (Author), Zhang,Heather (Author), and Hawkins,Naoko (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Jul 2011
- Published:
- Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier B.V.
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Social science research
- Journal Title Details:
- 40(4) : 1051-1066
- Notes:
- The educational, occupational and income success of the racial minority immigrant offspring is very similar for many immigrant origins groups in the United States, Canada and Australia. Analysis reveals common patterns of high achievement for the Chinese and South Asian second generation, less for other Asian origins, and still less for those of Afro-Caribbean black origins.
59. Challenging a Pan-African Identity: The Autobiographical Writings of Maya Angelou, Barack Obama, and Caryl Phillips
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Smithers,Gregory D. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Journal of American Studies
- Journal Title Details:
- 45(3) : 483-502
- Notes:
- Compares memoirs by Maya Angelou, Barack Obama, and Caryl Phillips. The Caribbean-born Afro-Britain Caryl Phillips published The Atlantic Sound (2000), an account of African diasporic identity that moved between understanding, compassion, and a harsh belief that Africa cannot take on the role of a psychologist's couch, that "Africa cannot cure." These three memoirs offer insight into the complex and highly contested nature of identity throughout the African diaspora, and present very personalized reflections on the geography, politics, and history of Africa as a source of identity and diasporic belonging.
60. Fractured Diaspora: Mending the Strained Relationships between African Americans and African Caribbeans
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Springer,Jennifer Thorington (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Apr 2011
- Published:
- Lanham, MD: Lexington Books
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Wadabagei: A Journal of the Caribbean and Its Diaspora
- Journal Title Details:
- 13(2) : 2-34
- Notes:
- Examines what may be termed a historical fracture in the black diaspora in the United States, where African Americans and African Caribbeans still struggle to maintain and solidify friendships. Offers a close textual reading of Brown Girl Brownstones and The Friends to fully explore what fuels the tensions between group members. Concludes that coalition building and a rekindling of former friendships can heal this ruptured diaspora.
61. The Afro Colombian studies course: a possibility of decolonializing language in the dry Colombian Caribbean
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Villa,Ernell (Author) and Villa,Wilmer (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Language:
- Spanish
- Publication Date:
- Apr 2011
- Published:
- Colombia: Departamento de Investigaciones-DIUC, Bogota Colombia
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Nomadas
- Journal Title Details:
- 34 : 77-91
- Notes:
- The dry Caribbean is a place in Colombia where some black communities have lived since decolonization. The text tackles the pedagogical sense of the Catedra de Estudios Afrocolombianos. The historical, territorial, juridical, educative, and organizational contextualization is followed by the emphasis in the necessity of creating a cultural production policy based on the black communities' life.
62. Men and Their Father Figures: Exploring Racial and Ethnic Differences in Mental Health Outcomes
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Watkins,Daphne C. (Author), Johnson-Lawrence,Vicki (Author), and Griffith,Derek M. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Oct 2011
- Published:
- Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Race and Social Problems
- Journal Title Details:
- 3(3) : 197-211
- Notes:
- Examines the presence of father figures in the lives of African American, Caribbean black and non-Hispanic white American males until the age of 16; assesses the current socio-demographic factors of these men as adults; and explores whether these factors lead to variations in mental health outcomes.
63. The Living Arrangements of Children of Immigrants
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Landale,Nancy S. (Author), Thomas,Kevin J. A. (Author), and Van Hook,Jennifer (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Apr 2011
- Published:
- Los Altos, CA: Center for the Future of Children, The David and Lucille Packard Foundation
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- The Future of Children
- Journal Title Details:
- 21(1) : 43-70
- Notes:
- Explores the challenges facing immigrant families as they adapt to the United States, as well as their many strengths, most notably high levels of marriage and family commitment. The authors examine differences by country of origin in the human capital, legal status, and social resources of immigrant families and describe their varied living arrangements, focusing on children of Mexican, Southeast Asian, and black Caribbean origin.
64. Threat to Valued Elements of Life: The Experience of Dementia Across Three Ethnic Groups
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Lawrence,Vanessa (Author), Samsi,Kritika (Author), Banerjee,Sube (Author), Morgan,Craig (Author), and Murray,Joanna (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Feb 2011
- Published:
- Washington, DC: Gerontological Society of America
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- The Gerontologist
- Journal Title Details:
- 51(1) : 39-50
- Notes:
- Examines the subjective reality of living with dementia from the perspective of people with dementia within the 3 largest ethnic groups in the United Kingdom. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with 11 Black Caribbean, 9 south Asian, and 10 White British older people with dementia.
65. Quilombo and Utopia: The Aesthetic of Labor in Linduarte Noronha's Aruanda (1960)
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Skvirsky,Salomé Aguilera (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- Routledge
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies
- Journal Title Details:
- 20(3) : 233-260
- Notes:
- This essay examines the classic short documentary that introduced the quilombo to Brazilian Cinema. Aruanda (Linduarte Noronha, 1960) is about a rural community of descendants of escaped slaves. The film represents an anti-culturalist approach to the quilombo that was soon superseded by the culturalist appropriation of the quilombo by the Brazilian black movement, by filmmakers like Carlos Diegues, and later, by the Brazilian state. Aruanda locates the utopian element of the quilombo, not in a peculiarly African or Afro-Brazilian culture, but in the unalienated life-activity of its members.
66. Independent from Independence: Indigenous Nations and Maroon Societies during the Emergence of the Brazilian National State
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Vilanova Miranda,de Oliveira (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011 12/01; 2012/05
- Published:
- Routledge
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Iberian and Latin American Research
- Journal Title Details:
- 17(2) : 163-177
- Notes:
- Territorial integrity and the nation's cohesion are often referred to as distinctive Brazilian features within the wider Latin American independence context. However, it can be argued that this historiographical approach, based on the premises of homogeneity of time, population and geography, silences the histories of several societies that coexisted in synchronicity with, but were not subjugated to, the newly independent Brazilian state. This article focuses on such peoples who were independent at the moment of Brazilian independence, and for whom, contrary to a symbol of emancipation, the independence process meant the mere continuation of the colonial project itself, namely, the quest to ?civilise?.; Territorial integrity and the nation's cohesion are often referred to as distinctive Brazilian features within the wider Latin American independence context. However, it can be argued that this historiographical approach, based on the premises of homogeneity of time, population and geography, silences the histories of several societies that coexisted in synchronicity with, but were not subjugated to, the newly independent Brazilian state. This article focuses on such peoples who were independent at the moment of Brazilian independence, and for whom, contrary to a symbol of emancipation, the independence process meant the mere continuation of the colonial project itself, namely, the quest to 'civilise'.
67. Knowledge of and practices regarding risk factors for breast cancer in women aged between 40 and 69 years. (Conhecimento e pratica sobre os fatores de risco para o cancer de mama entre mulheres de 40 a 69 anos.)
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Batiston,A. P. (Author), Tamaki,E. M. (Author), Souza,L. A. de (Author), Santos,M. L. de M. dos (Author), de M. dos Santos,M. L. (Author), de Souza,L. A. (Author), and dos Santos,M. L. de M. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Revista Brasileira de Saude Materno Infantil
- Journal Title Details:
- 11(2) : 163-171
- Notes:
- Objectives: To investigate knowledge of and practices regarding risk factors for breast cancer among users of the Family Health Strategy (FHS). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 393 women aged between 40 and 69 years using the FHS in the city of Dourados, in the Brazilian State of Mato Grosso do Sul. An interview was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire to investigate socio-demographic variables, family history and awareness/practices regarding the risk factors for breast cancer. The variables were described using simple frequency and a percentage. The association between awareness of the risk factors and the variables was confirmed using Fisher's exact test and the chisquare with a level of significance of 5%. Results: The mean age was 52.58.1 years, the mean years of schooling was 4.43.6 years, 52.4% of the women were black/colored and 66.6% had a partner. Of the women, 86.5% had received some information on breast cancer. The risk factors for the disease are known by 54.2% of the women. Awareness of the risk factors was associated with family history (p=0.004) and years of schooling (p=0.01). Where the risk factors were known, 52.2% of the women took preventive measures. Conclusions: The identification of variables related to greater awareness of the disease may facilitate the adoption of strategies aimed at the most vulnerable groups.
68. The ethnic density effect on alcohol use among ethnic minority people in the UK
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Becares,Laia (Author), Nazroo,James (Author), and Stafford,Mai (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Journal of epidemiology and community health
- Journal Title Details:
- 65(1) : 20-25
- Notes:
- Background Despite lower alcohol drinking rates of UK ethnic minority people (excluding Irish) compared with those of the white majority, events of racial discrimination expose ethnic minorities to unique stressors that elevate the risk for escapist drinking. Studies of ethnic density, the geographical concentration of ethnic minorities in an area, have found racism to be less prevalent in areas of increased ethnic density, and this study hypothesises that ethnic minority people living in areas of high ethnic density will report less alcohol use relative to their counterparts, due to decreased experienced racism and increased sociocultural norms. Methods Multilevel logistic regressions were applied to data from the 1999 and 2004 Health Survey for England linked to ethnic density data from 2001 census. Results Respondents living in non-White area types and areas of higher coethnic density reported decreased odds of being current drinkers relative to their counterparts. A statistically significant reduction in the odds of exceeding sensible drinking recommendations was observed for Caribbeans in Black area types, Africans in areas of higher coethnic density and Indian people living in Indian area types. Conclusion Results confirmed a protective ethnic density effect for current alcohol consumption, but showed a less consistent picture of an ethnic density effect for adherence to sensible drinking guidelines. Previous research has shown that alcohol use is increasing among ethnic minorities, and so a greater understanding of alcohol-related behaviour among UK ethnic minority people is important to establish their need for preventive care and advice on safe drinking practices.
69. Ethnic differences in common carotid intima-media thickness, and the relationship to cardiovascular risk factors and peripheral arterial disease: the Ethnic-Echocardiographic Heart of England Screening Study
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Bennett,P. C. (Author), Gill,P. S. (Author), Silverman,S. (Author), Blann,A. D. (Author), and Lip,G. Y. H. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- MAR 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Qjm-an International Journal of Medicine
- Journal Title Details:
- 104(3) : 245-254
- Notes:
- Objective: To compare the mean and maximum common carotid intima-media thickness (CCIMT) in Blacks (Black Caribbean and Black African) and South Asians (People originating from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh) in a population survey and make associations with established cardiovascular risk factors and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Patients and methods: A subset of 492 (293 South Asians and 199 Blacks) out of 572 participants aged epsilon 45 years recruited in a sub-study to the Ethnic-Echocardiographic Heart of England Screening (E-ECHOES) epidemiological study had mean and maximum CCIMT measured. A questionnaire, anthropometric measurements and Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) and Intermittent Claudication assessments were made. Results: Black participants had greater mean but not maximum CCIMT when compared to South Asians overall (P = 0.022), in men (P = 0.04) and in women (P = 0.044). Black ethnicity was an independent predictor of CCIMT even after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors (P < 0.05). After adjustment for age, ethnicity and traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the presence of PAD remained independently predictive of mean (P = 0.019) and maximum (P = 0.012) CCIMT. Conclusions: Black ethnicity is related to greater mean and maximum CCIMT when compared to South Asians, even after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The presence of PAD independently predicts mean and maximum CCIMT adjusting for ethnicity, age and cardiovascular risk factors.
70. Validation of the Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire in 1(st) generation Black African-Caribbean and South Asian UK migrants: A sub-study to the Ethnic-Echocardiographic Heart of England Screening (E-ECHOES) study
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Bennett,Philip C. (Author), Lip,Gregory Y. H. (Author), Silverman,Stanley (Author), Blann,Andrew D. (Author), and Gill,Paramjit S. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Bmc Medical Research Methodology
- Journal Title Details:
- 11 : 85 : 85
- Notes:
- Background: We determined the diagnostic accuracy of the Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire (ECQ) in 1(st) generation Black African-Caribbean UK migrants as previous diagnostic questionnaires have been found to be less accurate in this population. We also determined the diagnostic accuracy of translated versions of the ECQ in 1st generation South Asian UK migrants, as this has not been investigated before. Methods: Subjects were recruited from the Ethnic-Echocardiographic Heart of England Screening (E-ECHOES) study, a community based screening survey for heart failure in minority ethnic groups. Translated versions of the ECQ were prepared following a recognised protocol. All participants attending screening between October 2007 and February 2009 were asked to complete the ECQ in the language of their choice (English, Punjabi, Bengali, Urdu, Hindi or Gujarati). Subjects answering positively to experiencing leg pain or discomfort on walking were asked to return to have Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) measured. Results: 154 out of 2831 subjects participating in E-ECHOES (5.4%) were eligible to participate in this sub-study, for which 74.3% returned for ABPI assessment. Non-responders were younger than participants (59[ 9] vs. 65[ 11] years; p = 0.015). Punjabi, English and Bengali questionnaires identified participants with Intermittent Claudication, so these questionnaires were assessed. The sensitivities (SN), specificities (SP), positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values were calculated. English: SN: 50%; SP: 68%; PPV: 43%; NPV: 74%. Punjabi: SN: 50%; SP: 87%; PPV: 43%; NPV: 90%. Bengali: SN: 33%; SP: 50%; PPV: 13%; NPV: 73%. There were significant differences in diagnostic accuracy between the 3 versions (Punjabi: 83.8%; Bengali: 45%; English: 62.2%; p < 0.0001). No significant differences were found in sensitivity and specificity between illiterate and literate participants in any of the questionnaires and there was no significant different difference between those under and over 60 years of age. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the ECQ is not as sensitive or specific a diagnostic tool in 1st generation Black African-Caribbean and South Asian UK migrants than in the Edinburgh Artery Study, reflecting the findings of other diagnostic questionnaires in these minority ethnic groups. However this study is limited by sample size so conclusions should be interpreted with caution.
71. Ethnicity and access to an inner city home treatment service: a case-control study
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Bookle,Matthew (Author) and Webber,Martin (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Health & Social Care in the Community
- Journal Title Details:
- 19(3) : 280-288
- Notes:
- There is strong evidence suggesting ethnic variations in mental health service use and disproportionate numbers of people of black ethnic origin being admitted to hospital. The objective of this study was to establish whether people of black ethnic origin had equal access to home treatment in a mental health crisis. Using a case-control design, we selected a random sample of 240 inpatient episodes and compared them with a sample of 77 home treatment episodes over a 12-month period (1 April 2008-31 March 2009). We found no difference in the proportion of people of black ethnic origin being home treated in comparison to receiving an inpatient admission, although they experienced longer hospital admissions than people of other ethnic origin. Diagnosis, housing status and source of referral were found to be significant in influencing the choice of intervention in our multivariate analysis. People of black ethnic origin were found to use home treatment to the same extent as other ethnic groups in a mental health crisis, but further research is required for the early discharge function of home treatment teams to evaluate whether this aspect of care is experienced differently by different ethnic groups.
72. Prevalence of Mood Disorders and Service Use Among US Mothers by Race and Ethnicity: Results From the National Survey of American Life
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Boyd,Rhonda C. (Author), Joe,Sean (Author), Michalopoulos,Lynn (Author), Davis,Erica (Author), and Jackson,James S. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
- Journal Title Details:
- 72(11) : 1538-1545
- Notes:
- Objective: To describe the rates of mood disorders, the social and demographic correlates of mood disorders, and mental health services utilization among African American, Caribbean black, and non-Hispanic white mothers. Method: Study data were collected between February 2001 and June 2003 as part of the National Survey of American Life: Coping With Stress in the 21st Century. National household probability samples of African Americans and Caribbean blacks were surveyed using a slightly modified World Mental Health version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Participants included 2,019 African American, 799 Caribbean black, and 400 non-Hispanic white mothers 18 years and older (N = 3,218). The main outcomes measured were lifetime and 12-month diagnoses of DSM-IV mood disorders (major depressive episode, dysthymic disorder, bipolar I and II disorders) and mental health services utilization. Results:The lifetime prevalence estimate of mood disorders is higher for white mothers (21.67%) than for African American mothers (16.77%) and Caribbean black mothers (16.42%); however, 12-month mood disorder estimates are similar across groups. African American mothers have higher 12-month prevalence estimates of bipolar disorder (2.48%) than white mothers (0.59%) and Caribbean black mothers (1.16%). African American mothers with higher education levels and white mothers who became parents as teenagers are more likely to have a lifetime mood disorder. Less than half (45.8%) of black mothers with a past 12-month mood disorder diagnosis utilized mental health services. Among black mothers with a 12-month diagnosis of bipolar disorder, Caribbean blacks utilized mental health services at higher rates than African Americans. Conclusions: Demographic correlates for mood disorders varied by race and ethnicity. The findings illustrated underutilization of treatment by black mothers, especially African American mothers with bipolar disorder.
73. Religion, Political Discourse, and Activism Among Varying Racial/Ethnic Groups in America
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Brown,R. Khari (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Review of Religious Research
- Journal Title Details:
- 53(3) : 301-322
- Notes:
- The current study assesses the roles that political encouragement from clergy and lay involvement in political discussions play in the political and civic activism of varying racial/ethnic groups. Congregants are likely to participate in varying forms of activism when asked by clergy because of the high levels of trust that Americans have in their clergy and because political appeals are often communicated in a culturally relevant manner. In addition, participation in political discussions within houses of worship is likely to increase a sense of political agency and efficacy. For almost all groups, lay political deliberation is associated with activism. However, while political encouragement from clergy is associated with Black and Hispanic activism, it plays a negligible role in motivating Whites and Caribbean Blacks to action. Ideological symmetry between clergy and congregants may explain the degree to which political appeals from clergy motivate varying racial/ethnic groups to action.
74. Costa Rica's 'White Legend': how Racial Narratives Undermine its Health Care System
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Campo-Engelstein,Lisa (Author) and Meagher,Karen (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Developing World Bioethics
- Journal Title Details:
- 11(2) : 99-107
- Notes:
- A dominant cultural narrative within Costa Rica describes Costa Ricans not only as different from their Central American neighbours, but it also exalts them as better: specifically, as more white, peaceful, egalitarian and democratic. This notion of Costa Rican exceptionalism played a key role in the creation of their health care system, which is based on the four core principles of equity, universality, solidarity and obligation. While the political justification and design of the current health care system does, in part, realize this ideal, we argue that the narrative of Costa Rican exceptionalism prevents the full actualization of these principles by marginalizing and excluding disadvantaged groups, especially indigenous and black citizens and the substantial Nicaraguan minority. We offer three suggestions to mitigate the self-undermining effects of the dominant national narrative: 1) encouragement and development of counternarratives; 2) support of an emerging field of Costa Rican bioethics; and 3) decoupling health and national successes.
75. Discourses on trans/national identity in Caribbean literature
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Couti,Jacqueline (Editor)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- March, 2011
- Published:
- Toronto: Canadian Comparative Literature Association
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Canadian Review of Comparative Literature
- Journal Title Details:
- 38 (1)
- Notes:
- Special Issue of the journal Discourses on Trans/National Identity in Caribbean Literature. Guest Editor: Jacqueline Couti., 136 p.
76. Racial inequalities in access to women's health care in southern Brazil
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- de Bairros,Fernanda Souza (Author), Meneghel,Stela Nazareth (Author), Dias-da-Costa,Juvenal Soares (Author), Bassani,Diego Garcia (Author), Baptista Menezes,Ana Maria (Author), Gigante,Denise Petrucci (Author), and Anselmo Olinto,Maria Teresa (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Cadernos De Saude Publica
- Journal Title Details:
- 27(12) : 2364-2372
- Notes:
- The aim of this population-based cross-sectional study was to investigate access by 20 to 60 year-old women - both black and white - to early detection (pap-smear) exams for breast and cervical cancer in two towns - Sao Leopoldo and Pelotas - in Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. Estimates of the association between race/color and access to pap-smear and breast exams were adjusted for income, education, economic class and age. Of the 2,030 women interviewed, 16.1% were black and 83.9%, white. Black women were significantly less likely to have had a pap-smear and/or breast exam than white women. Racial inequalities in access to cancer early detection exams persisted after controlling for age and other socioeconomic factors. Racial differentials in access to early detection (pap-smear) exams for breast and cervical cancers might result from racial and socioeconomic inequalities experienced by black women in access to reproductive health care services and programs.
77. Jerry Ronald Choate: 1943-2009 Obituary
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Finck,Elmer J. (Author), Genoways,Hugh H. (Author), Hoffman,Justin D. (Author), Phillips,Carleton J. (Author), and Baker,Robert J. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Journal of mammalogy
- Journal Title Details:
- 92(6) : 1418-1432
78. Prevalence of heart failure and atrial fibrillation in minority ethnic subjects: the Ethnic-Echocardiographic Heart of England Screening Study (E-ECHOES)
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Gill,Paramjit S. (Author), Calvert,Melanie (Author), Davis,Russell (Author), Davies,Michael K. (Author), Freemantle,Nick (Author), and Lip,Gregory Y. H. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- PloS one
- Journal Title Details:
- 6(11) : e26710
- Notes:
- Limited data exists on the prevalence of heart failure amongst minority groups in the UK. To document the community prevalence and severity of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation, amongst the South Asian and Black African-Caribbean groups in the UK. We conducted a cross-sectional study recruiting from September 2006 to July 2009 from 20 primary care centres in Birmingham, UK. 10,902 eligible subjects invited, 5,408 participated (49.6%) and 5,354 had complete data (49.1%). Subjects had median age 58.2 years (interquartile range 51.0 to 70.0), and 2544 (47.5%) were male. Of these, 1933 (36.3%) had BMI>30 kg/m(2), 1,563 (29.2%) had diabetes, 2676 (50.0%) had hypertension, 307 (5.7%) had a history of myocardial infarction, and 104 (1.9%) had history of arrhythmia. Overall, 59 (1.1%) had an Ejection Fraction<40%, and of these 40 (0.75%) were NYHA class ≥2; 51 subjects (0.95%) had atrial fibrillation. Of the remaining 19 patients with an EF<40%, only 4 patients were treated with furosemide. A further 54 subjects had heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. This is the largest study of the prevalence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, heart failure and atrial fibrillation in under-researched minority communities in the UK. The prevalence of heart failure in these minority communities appears comparable to that of the general population but less than anticipated given the high rates of cardiovascular disease in these groups. Heart failure continues to be a major cause of morbidity in all ethnic groups and preventive strategies need to be identified and implemented.
79. Glaucoma in the English-speaking Caribbean
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Grosvenor,D. (Author) and Hennis,A. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- West Indian Medical Journal
- Journal Title Details:
- 60(4) : 459-463
- Notes:
- The Barbados Eye Studies have provided the most comprehensive information on the major eye diseases in African origin populations to date. Black Barbadians have among the highest rates of primary open-angle glaucoma (OAG) reported to date in a population-based study (7.0%). Incidence rates of OAG over a nine-year follow-up period were 0.5% per year, and two to five times higher than reported in predominantly Caucasian populations. Risk factors for OAG included older age, male gender, higher intraocular pressure, positive glaucoma family history, in addition to lean body mass and a positive cataract history. Low blood pressure to intraocular pressure relationships were also found to increase OAG risk, suggesting an aetiologic role for low vascular perfusion of the optic nerve. Recent analyses revealed a region on chromosome 2 associated with increased OAG risk, which has potential implications for early diagnosis and treatment. Approximately 50% of Barbadians with OAG were unaware of having the disease in the baseline study and this situation remained unchanged nine years later. Open-angle glaucoma causes painless, irreversible loss of vision and there are clear reasons why screening may be of particular public health importance in high risk African descent populations, given the benefits of early detection and appropriate treatment. There are data that suggest that it would be cost-effective to conduct Open-angle glaucoma screening in Barbados and this has implications for policy and care, with the ultimate aim of reducing glaucoma-related blindness.
80. Lung cancer incidence and survival in different ethnic groups in South East England
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Jack,R. H. (Author), Davies,E. A. (Author), and Moller,H. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- British journal of cancer
- Journal Title Details:
- 105(7) : 1049-1053
- Notes:
- BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the incidence and survival of lung cancer patients from several different ethnic groups in a large ethnically diverse population in the United Kingdom. METHODS: Data on residents of South East England diagnosed with lung cancer between 1998 and 2003 were extracted from the Thames Cancer Registry database. Age-and socioeconomic deprivation-standardised incidence rate ratios were calculated for males and females in each ethnic group. Overall survival was examined using Cox regression, adjusted for age, socioeconomic deprivation, stage of disease and treatment. Results are presented for White, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Black Caribbean, Black African and Chinese patients, apart from female survival results where only the White, South Asian and Black ethnic groups were analysed. RESULTS: Compared with other ethnic groups of the same sex, Bangladeshi men, White men and White women had the highest incidence rates. Bangladeshi men had consistently higher survival estimates compared with White men (fully adjusted hazard ratio 0.46; P<0.001). Indian (0.84; P = 0.048), Black Caribbean (0.87; P = 0.47) and Black African (0.68; P = 0.007) men also had higher survival estimates. South Asian (0.73; P = 0.006) and Black (0.74; P = 0.004) women had higher survival than White women. CONCLUSION: Smoking prevention messages need to be targeted for different ethnic groups to ensure no groups are excluded. The apparent better survival of South Asian and Black patients is surprising, and more detailed follow-up studies are needed to verify these results. British Journal of Cancer (2011) 105, 1049-1053. doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.282 www.bjcancer.com Published online 23 August 2011 (C) 2011 Cancer Research UK
81. Ethnic differences in prostate cancer
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Kheirandish,P. (Author) and Chinegwundoh,F. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- British journal of cancer
- Journal Title Details:
- 105(4) : 481-485
- Notes:
- BACKGROUND: It is recognised that the risk of prostate cancer is higher in black men than in white men worldwide. Recent studies suggest that a number of genetic mutations in black men predispose them to this disease; hence, race as well as environmental factors such as diet and migration are thought to be the determining factors. METHODS: This review compares data from the United States (US), which suggest that African-American men have a 60% higher risk for developing prostate cancer with poorer prognosis in comparison with their white counterparts, with similar studies carried out in the United Kingdom (UK) and also in African and Caribbean countries. CONCLUSIONS: Studies from the United States and the United Kingdom came to significantly different conclusions, and this has implications for policy development, awareness raising among black men in each country and clinical practice. British Journal of Cancer (2011) 105, 481-485. doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.273 www.bjcancer.com (C) 2011 Cancer Research UK
82. Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of spiritual healer use: Findings from the National Survey of American Life
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Levin,Jeff (Author), Taylor,Robert Joseph (Author), and Chatters,Linda M. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Complementary therapies in medicine
- Journal Title Details:
- 19(2) : 63-70
- Notes:
- Objectives: This study investigates sociodemographic and health-related correlates of use of a spiritual healer for medical help. A large national, multiracial-multiethnic data source permits a more comprehensive investigation than was possible in previous studies. It also enables a closer focus on socioeconomic disadvantage and health need as determinants of utilization. Design and setting: Respondents are from the National Survey of American Life: Coping with Stress in the 21st Century (NSAL), a nationally representative multi-stage area-probability survey of U.S. adult African Americans, Caribbean Blacks, and non-Hispanic Whites conducted from 2001 to 2003. The sample contains 6082 adults aged 18 and over. Main outcome measures: NSAL respondents were surveyed about lifetime use of alternative providers for medical care or advice. Response categories included two types of spiritual healers: faith healers and psychics. These outcomes were logistically regressed, separately, onto 10 sociodemographic or health-related indicators: race/ethnicity, age, gender, marital status, education, household income, region, medical care use, insurance coverage, and self-rated health. Results: Lifetime utilization of a faith healer is more prevalent among respondents in good health and less prevalent among Caribbean Blacks and never married persons. Users of a psychic healer are more likely to be educated, residents of the Northeast or West, and previously married, and less likely to report excellent health. Conclusions: Use a spiritual healer is not due, on average, to poor education, marginal racial/ethnic or socioeconomic status, dire health straits, or lack of other healthcare options. To some extent, the opposite appears to be true. Use of a spiritual healer is not associated with fewer social and personal resources or limitations in health or healthcare. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
83. Childhood ethnic differences in ametropia and ocular biometry: the Aston Eye Study
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Logan,Nicola S. (Author), Shah,Parth (Author), Rudnicka,Alicja R. (Author), Gilmartin,Bernard (Author), and Owen,Christopher G. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics
- Journal Title Details:
- 31(5) : 550-558
- Notes:
- Purpose: To describe the methodology, sampling strategy and preliminary results for the Aston Eye Study (AES), a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of refractive error and its associated ocular biometry in a large multi-racial sample of school children from the metropolitan area of Birmingham, England. Methods: A target sample of 1700 children aged 6-7 years and 1200 aged 12-13 years is being selected from Birmingham schools selected randomly with stratification by area deprivation index (a measure of socio-economic status). Schools with pupils predominantly (>70%) from a single race are excluded. Sample size calculations account for the likely participation rate and the clustering of individuals within schools. Procedures involve standardised protocols to allow for comparison with international population-based data. Visual acuity, non-contact ocular biometry (axial length, corneal radius of curvature and anterior chamber depth) and cycloplegic autorefraction are measured in both eyes. Distance and near oculomotor balance, height and weight are also assessed. Questionnaires for parents and older children will allow the influence of environmental factors on refractive error to be examined. Results: Recruitment and data collection are ongoing (currently N = 655). Preliminary cross-sectional data on 213 South Asian, 44 black African Caribbean and 70 white European children aged 6-7 years and 114 South Asian, 40 black African Caribbean and 115 white European children aged 12-13 years found myopia prevalence of 9.4% and 29.4% for the two age groups respectively. A more negative mean spherical equivalent refraction (SER) was observed in older children (-0.21 D vs +0.87 D). Ethnic differences in myopia prevalence are emerging with South Asian children having higher levels than white European children 36.8% vs 18.6% (for the older children). Axial length, corneal radius of curvature and anterior chamber depth were normally distributed, while SER was leptokurtic (p < 0.001) with a slight negative skew. Conclusions: The AES will allow ethnic differences in the ocular characteristics of children from a large metropolitan area of the UK to be examined. The findings to date indicate the emergence of higher levels of myopia by early adolescence in second and third generation British South Asians, compared to white European children. The continuation of the AES will allow the early determinants of these ethnic differences to be studied.
84. Large outbreak of isoniazid-monoresistant tuberculosis in London, 1995 to 2006: case-control study and recommendations
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Maguire,H. (Author), Brailsford,S. (Author), Carless,J. (Author), Yates,M. (Author), Altass,L. (Author), Yates,S. (Author), Anaraki,S. (Author), Charlett,A. (Author), Lozewicz,S. (Author), Lipman,M. (Author), and Bothamley,G. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Euro surveillance : bulletin europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin
- Journal Title Details:
- 16(13)
- Notes:
- We conducted a case-control study to examine risk factors for isoniazid-monoresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an ongoing outbreak in London. Cases were defined as individuals with an isoniazid-monoresistant strain diagnosed from 1995 to the third quarter of 2006 with an indistinguishable restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) or mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit (MIRU)-variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) pattern who were resident in or had epidemiological links with London. Controls were all other individuals reported with tuberculosis to the Health Protection Agency London regional epidemiology unit or the HPA London TB Register during 2000 to 2005. Of 293 cases, 153 (52%) were sputum smear-positive compared with 3,266 (18%) of controls. Cases were more likely to be young adults (aged between 15 and 34 years), born in the United Kingdom (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.7-3.4) and of white (OR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.8-4.8) or black Caribbean (OR: 12.5; 95% CI: 7.7-20.4) ethnicity, a prisoner at the time of diagnosis (OR: 20.2; 95% CI: 6.7-60.6), unemployed (OR: 4.1; 95% CI: 3.0-5.6), or a drug dealer or sex worker (OR: 187.1; 95% CI: 28.4-1,232.3). A total of 113 (39%) of cases used drugs and 54 (18%) were homeless. Completion of treatment gradually improved in cases from 55% among those diagnosed up to the end of 2002 compared with 65% by the end of 2006. Treatment completion increased from 79% to 83% in controls from 2000 to 2005. There are complex social challenges facing many cases in this outbreak that need to be addressed if medical interventions are to be successful.
85. Telephone-Based Identification of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in a Multicultural Cohort
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Manly,Jennifer J. (Author), Schupf,Nicole (Author), Stern,Yaakov (Author), Brickman,Adam M. (Author), Tang,Ming-X (Author), and Mayeux,Richard (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Archives of Neurology
- Journal Title Details:
- 68(5) : 607-614
- Notes:
- Background: Telephone-based interviews can be used for screening and to obtain key study outcomes when participants in longitudinal studies die or cannot be seen in person, but must be validated among ethnically and educationally diverse people. Objective: To determine the accuracy of a telephone interview in classifying (1) demented from nondemented participants, (2) cognitively impaired participants from cognitively normal participants, and (3) participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from those with normal cognition or (4) MCI from dementia among an ethnically and educationally diverse community-based sample. Method: The sample consisted of 377 (30.5% non-Hispanic white, 34.7% non-Hispanic black, and 33.7% Caribbean Hispanic) older adults. The validation standard was diagnosis of dementia and MCI based on in-person evaluation. The Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) and the Dementia Questionnaire (DQ) were administered within the same assessment wave. Results: The sample included 256 people (67.9%) with normal cognition, 68 (18.0%) with MCI, and 53 (14.1%) with dementia. Validity of the TICS was comparable among non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Hispanics. Among non-Hispanic whites, the DQ had better discrimination of those with dementia from those without dementia and from those with MCI than among other racial/ethnic groups. Telephone measures discriminated best when used to differentiate demented from nondemented participants (88% sensitivity and 87% specificity for the TICS; 66% sensitivity and 89% specificity for DQ) and when used to differentiate cognitively normal participants from those with cognitive impairment (ie, MCI and dementia combined; 73% sensitivity and 77% specificity for the TICS; 49% sensitivity and 82% specificity for DQ). When demographics and prior memory test performance were used to calculate pretest probability, consideration of the telephone measures significantly improved diagnostic validity. Conclusions: The TICS has high diagnostic validity for identification of dementia among ethnically diverse older adults, especially when supported by the DQ and prior visit data. However, telephone interview data were unable to reliably distinguish MCI from normal cognition.
86. HPV vaccination among ethnic minorities in the UK: knowledge, acceptability and attitudes
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Marlow,L. A. V. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- British journal of cancer
- Journal Title Details:
- 105(4) : 486-492
- Notes:
- BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination offers a unique opportunity for the primary prevention of cervical cancer. Studies suggest that knowledge and attitudes about the vaccine are likely to influence uptake. One limitation of most studies assessing HPV vaccine knowledge, attitudes and acceptability is their under representation of ethnic minorities. It is important to ensure that our understanding of HPV knowledge and attitudes include all ethnic groups in the UK. This article reviews research that has considered knowledge, acceptability and attitudes about HPV and the HPV vaccine among ethnic minorities in the UK. METHODS: Articles in Medline, CINAHL and PsycINFO (January 2000-March 2010) were searched. RESULTS: A total of 17 UK-based papers examined knowledge, attitudes or acceptability related to HPV vaccination in the 'lay' population (parents, adolescents or the general population as opposed to health professionals) and reported findings by ethnicity. CONCLUSION: Findings seem to suggest lower awareness of HPV and lower acceptability of the vaccination, which could be important if they are reflected in uptake. More research is needed with ethnic minority groups, particularly in the context of the vaccination programme. British Journal of Cancer (2011) 105, 486-492. doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.272 www.bjcancer.com (C) 2011 Cancer Research UK
87. Prescribing in general practice for people with coronary heart disease; equity by age, sex, ethnic group and deprivation
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Mathur,Rohini (Author), Badrick,Ellena (Author), Boomla,Kambiz (Author), Bremner,Stephen (Author), Hull,Sally (Author), and Robson,John (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Ethnicity & health
- Journal Title Details:
- 16(2) : 107-123
- Notes:
- Objective. Differences in drug prescribing for coronary heart disease have previously been identified by age, sex and ethnic group. Set in the UK, our study utilises routinely collected data from 98 general practices serving a socially diverse population in inner East London, to examine differences in prescribing rates among patients aged 35 years and over with coronary heart disease. Design. 10,933 patients aged 35 years or more, with recorded coronary heart disease, from 98 practices in two Primary Care Trusts (PCT) in East London during 2009/2010 were included for this cross-sectional study. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the odds of prescribing for recommended coronary heart disease drugs by age, sex, ethnicity, social deprivation, co-morbidity and recorded reasons for not prescribing. Results. Women are prescribed fewer recommended coronary heart disease drugs than men; Black African/Caribbean patients are prescribed fewer lipid modifying drugs and other cardiovascular drugs than White patients. Patients over age 84 are prescribed fewer lipid modifying drugs and beta blockers than patients aged 45-54. South Asian patients had the highest levels of prescribing and higher prevalence of coronary heart disease and diabetes co-morbidity. No difference in prescribing rates by social deprivation was found. Discussion. Overall levels of prescribing are high but small differences between sex and ethnic groups remain and prescribing may be inequitable for women, for Black/African Caribbeans and at older ages. These differences were not explained by recorded intolerance, contraindications or declining treatment.
88. Family and home correlates of children's physical activity in a multi-ethnic population: the cross-sectional child heart and health study in england (CHASE)
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- McMinn,Alison M. (Author), van Sluijs,Esther M. F. (Author), Nightingale,Claire M. (Author), Griffin,Simon J. (Author), Cook,Derek G. (Author), Owen,Chris G. (Author), Rudnicka,Alicja R. (Author), and Whincup,Peter H. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
- Journal Title Details:
- 8 : 11 : 11
- Notes:
- Background: The influence of the family and home environment on childhood physical activity (PA) and whether this differs between ethnic groups remains uncertain. This paper investigates associations between family and home factors and childhood PA in a multi-ethnic population and explores whether associations differ between ethnic groups. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 9-10 year-old schoolchildren, in which PA was objectively measured by Actigraph GT1 M accelerometers for <= 7 days to estimate average activity counts per minute (CPM). Information on 11 family and home environmental factors were collected from questionnaires. Associations between these factors and CPM were quantified using multi-level linear regression. Interactions with ethnicity were explored using likelihood ratio tests. Results: 2071 children (mean +/- SD age: 9.95 +/- 0.38 years; 47.8% male) participated, including 25% white European, 28% black African-Caribbean, 24% South Asian, and 24% other ethnic origin. Family PA support and having a pet were associated with higher average CPM (adjusted mean difference: 6 (95% CI: 1,10) and 13 (95% CI: 3,23), respectively) while car ownership and having internet access at home were associated with lower average CPM (adjusted mean difference: -19 (95% CI:-30,-8) and -10 (95% CI:-19,0), respectively). These associations did not differ by ethnicity. Although the number of siblings showed no overall association with PA, there was some evidence of interaction with ethnicity (p for ethnicity interaction = 0.04, 0.05 in a fully-adjusted model); a positive significant association with number of siblings was observed in white Europeans (per sibling CPM difference 10.3 (95% CI 1.7, 18.9)) and a positive non-significant association was observed in black African-Caribbeans (per sibling CPM difference: 3.5 (-4.2, 11.2)) while a negative, nonsignificant association was observed in South Asians (per sibling CPM difference -6.0 (-15.5, 3.4)). Conclusions: Some family and home environmental factors have modest associations with childhood PA and these are mostly similar across different ethnic groups. This suggests that targeting these factors in an intervention to promote PA would be relevant for children in different ethnic groups.
89. Beyond Liverpool, 1957: Travel, diaspora, and migration in Jamal Mahjoub's The Drift Latitudes
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Nyman,Jopi (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Commonwealth Literature
- Journal Title Details:
- 46(3) : 493-511
- Notes:
- This essay discusses the novel The Drift Latitudes (2006) by the Anglo-Sudanese author Jamal Mahjoub. By telling the stories of the German refugee Ernst Frager and his two British families, I argue that Mahjoub's novel utilizes the tropes of transnational travel and migration to present a critique of discourses of purity and nationalism. Through its uncovering of silenced family narratives, the novel hybridizes British and European identities and underlines the need to remember the stories of ordinary people omitted from official histories. As the novel's supposedly British families appear to possess transnational links with Sudan, Germany, and the Caribbean, the novel reconstructs European identity as transnational and in need of historical reassessment. As a further contribution to the importance of hybrid identity, the story of black cultural identity and its construction in post-Second World War Liverpool is told in tandem with the importance of black music as a means of constructing black diasporic identity.
90. Culture and Postcolonial resistance: Antigua in Kincaid's A Small Place
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Osagie,Iyunolu (Author) and Buzinde,Christine N. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Annals of Tourism Research
- Journal Title Details:
- 38(1) : 210-230
- Notes:
- This paper uses postcolonial theory to analyze Jamaica Kincaid's quasi-autobiographical book, A Small Place. Kincaid's critique of tourism in Antigua reverses traditional travel writing trends in which First World perceptions of the Third World dominate. She discursively dismantles the imaginative geographies of empire that cement binary oppositions, such as tourist/native and black/white. She collapses these binaries to illustrate the intricate ways in which the global neocolonial ethos created by economic dependencies manifest. Arguing that tourism is implicated in this hegemonic process, she utilizes the metaphor of a guided tour to redirect the imperial gaze. Kincaid argues that legacies of colonial oppression can change once tourist and host value the same things in the shared space of the contact zone.
91. 'Treasures ... of black wood, brilliantly polished': five examples of Taino sculpture from the tenth-sixteenth century Caribbean
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Ostapkowicz,Joanna (Author), Wiedenhoeft,Alex (Author), Ramsey,Christopher Bronk (Author), Ribechini,Erika (Author), Wilson,Samuel (Author), Brock,Fiona (Author), and Higham,Tom (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Antiquity
- Journal Title Details:
- 85(329) : 942-959
- Notes:
- Five wooden sculptures from the pre-contact Caribbean, long held in museum collections, are here dated and given a context for the first time. The examples studied were made from dense Guaiacum wood, carved, polished and inlaid with shell fastened with resin. Dating the heartwood, sapwood and resins takes key examples of 'Classic' Taino art back to the tenth century AD, and suggests that some objects were treasured and refurbished over centuries. The authors discuss the symbolic properties of the wood and the long-lived biographies of some iconic sculptures.
92. Retinal Arteriolar Tortuosity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Multi-Ethnic Population Study of 10-Year-Old Children; the Child Heart and Health Study in England (CHASE)
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Owen,Christopher G. (Author), Rudnicka,Alicja R. (Author), Nightingale,Claire M. (Author), Mullen,Robert (Author), Barman,Sarah A. (Author), Sattar,Naveed (Author), Cook,Derek G. (Author), and Whincup,Peter H. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology
- Journal Title Details:
- 31(8) : 1933-1938
- Notes:
- Objective-To examine the association between cardiovascular risk factors and retinal arteriolar tortuosity in a multi-ethnic child population. Methods and Results-Cross sectional study of 986 UK primary school children of South Asian, black African Caribbean, and white European origin aged 10 to 11 years. Anthropometric measurements and retinal imaging were carried out and a fasting blood sample collected. Digital images of retinal arterioles were analyzed using a validated semiautomated measure of tortuosity. Associations between tortuosity and cardiometabolic risk factors were analyzed using multi-level linear regression, adjusted for gender, age, ethnicity, arteriole branch status, month, and school. Levels of arteriolar tortuosity were similar in boys and girls and in different ethnic groups. Retinal arteriolar tortuosity was positively associated with levels of triglyceride, total and LDL cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. One standard deviation increases in these risk factors were associated with 3.7% (95% CI: 1.2%, 6.4%), 3.3% (0.9%, 5.8%), 3.1% (0.6%, 5.6%), 2.0% (-0.3%, 4.2%), and 2.3% (0.1%, 4.6%) increases in tortuosity, respectively. Adiposity, insulin resistance, and blood glucose showed no associations with tortuosity. Conclusion-Established cardiovascular risk factors, strongly linked to coronary heart disease in adulthood, may influence retinal arteriolar tortuosity at the end of the first decade of life. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011; 31: 1933-1938.)
93. The prevalence, distribution, and clinical outcomes of electrocardiographic repolarization patterns in male athletes of African/Afro-Caribbean origin
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Papadakis,Michael (Author), Carre,Francois (Author), Kervio,Gaelle (Author), Rawlins,John (Author), Panoulas,Vasileios F. (Author), Chandra,Navin (Author), Basavarajaiah,Sandeep (Author), Carby,Lorna (Author), Fonseca,Tiago (Author), and Sharma,Sanjay (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- European heart journal
- Journal Title Details:
- 32(18) : 2304-2313
- Notes:
- Aims Athletic training in male black athletes (BAs) is associated with marked ECG repolarization changes that overlap with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Differentiating between the two entities is prudent since BAs exhibit a higher prevalence of exercise-related sudden death from HCM compared with white athletes (WAs). Methods and results Between 1996 and 2010, 904 BAs underwent serial cardiac evaluations including ECG and echocardiography. Athletes exhibiting T-wave inversions were investigated further for HCM. Results were compared with 1819 WAs, 119 black controls (BCs), and 52 black HCM patients. Athletes were followed up for 69.7 +/- 29.6 months. T-wave inversions were present in 82.7% HCM patients, 22.8% BAs, 10.1% BCs, and 3.7% WAs. In athletes, the major determinant of T-wave inversions was black ethnicity. T-wave inversions in BAs (12.7%) were predominantly confined to contiguous anterior leads (V1-V4). Only 4.1% of BAs exhibited T-wave inversions in the lateral leads. In contrast, both BCs and HCM patients exhibited lower prevalence of T-wave inversions in leads V1-V4 (4.2 and 3.8%, respectively) with most T-wave inversions in HCM patients (76.9%) involving the lateral leads. During follow-up one BA survived cardiac arrest and two athletes (one BA, one WA) were diagnosed with HCM. All three exhibited T-wave inversions in the lateral leads. Conclusions T-wave inversions in leads V1-V4 appear to represent an ethnic variant of 'athlete's heart'. Conversely, T-wave inversions in the lateral leads may represent the initial expression of underlying cardiomyopathy and merit further evaluation and regular surveillance.
94. Elevated Body Mass Index and Obesity among Ethnically Diverse Adolescents
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Saab,Patrice G. (Author), Fitzpatrick,Stephanie (Author), Lai,Betty (Author), and McCalla,Judith R. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Ethnicity & disease
- Journal Title Details:
- 21(2) : 176-182
- Notes:
- Objective: To examine trends in prevalence and odds of elevated body mass index (BMI) and obesity among ethnically diverse adolescents. Design and Setting: Data from countywide (Miami-Dade) health screenings from 1999 -2005. Weight, height, days/week of vigorous activity, hours/day of sedentary activity, parental hypertension, and eating habits were reported. Participants: 77,050 adolescents, average age 15.6 years (51% girls, 9.4% White non-Hispanic, 59.2% White Hispanic, 16.4% African American, 7% Black Hispanic, and 8% Black Caribbean). Outcome Measures: Prevalence and ethnic differences in odds of obesity (BMI >= 95th percentile) and elevated BMI (BMI >= 85th percentile), adjusting for academic years, days/week of vigorous activity, and hours/day of sedentary activity. Results: Prevalence of elevated BMI and obesity increased from 1999-2005. Overall, White non-Hispanics had lower odds of obesity and elevated BMI than African Americans and White Hispanics. African American girls displayed higher odds of obesity and elevated BMI than Black Hispanic girls and higher odds of elevated BMI than Black Caribbean girls. African American boys showed higher odds of obesity and elevated BMI than Black Caribbean boys. Black Hispanic girls had greater odds of obesity and elevated BMI than White Hispanic girls, but boys were similar. Conclusions: This study is among the first to examine BMI status in both Black and Hispanic subgroups. Viewing Black and Hispanic ethnic subgroups as homogeneous obscures important weight-related differences. Further research is warranted to determine factors contributing to differential risk. (Ethn Dis. 2011;21(2):176-182)
95. Ethnic differences in blood pressure monitoring and control in south east London
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Schofield,Peter (Author), Saka,Omer (Author), and Ashworth,Mark (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- British Journal of General Practice
- Journal Title Details:
- 61(585) : 278-279
96. Ethnic, Racial and Cultural Identity and Perceived Benefits and Barriers Related to Genetic Testing for Breast Cancer among At-Risk Women of African Descent in New York City
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Sussner,K. M. (Author), Edwards,T. A. (Author), Thompson,H. S. (Author), Jandorf,L. (Author), Kwate,N. O. (Author), Forman,A. (Author), Brown,K. (Author), Kapil-Pair,N. (Author), Bovbjerg,D. H. (Author), Schwartz,M. D. (Author), and Valdimarsdottir,H. B. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Public Health Genomics
- Journal Title Details:
- 14(6) : 356-370
- Notes:
- Assessed ethnic, racial and cultural identity and examined their relationships with perceived benefits and barriers related to genetic testing for cancer risk in a sample of 160 women of African descent (49% self-identified African American, 39% Black-West Indian/Caribbean, 12% Black-Other) who met genetic risk criteria and were participating in a larger longitudinal study including the opportunity for free genetic counseling and testing in New York City. Conclusions: Ethnic and racial identity may influence perceived benefits and barriers related to genetic testing for breast and/or ovarian cancer risk among at-risk women of African descent. Genetic counseling services may want to take into account these factors in the creation of culturally-appropriate services which best meet the needs of this heterogenous population.
97. Non-organizational Religious Participation, Subjective Religiosity, and Spirituality among Older African Americans and Black Caribbeans
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Taylor,Robert Joseph (Author), Chatters,Linda M. (Author), and Joe,Sean (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Religion & Health
- Journal Title Details:
- 50(3) : 623-645
- Notes:
- This study utilizes data from the National Survey of American Life to examine the sociodemographic and denominational correlates of religious involvement and spirituality among older African Americans and Black Caribbeans. Eleven measures of non-organizational religious participation, subjective religiosity, and spirituality are utilized. The findings indicate significant gender, income, region, marital status, denominational, and immigration status differences in religiosity and spirituality. Among older Black Caribbeans, income was a consistent correlate of religious participation and spirituality. The findings are discussed in relation to prior work in the area of religious involvement among older adults.
98. Reproductive and menstrual factors and mammographic density in African American, Caribbean, and White women
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Tehranifar,Parisa (Author), Reynolds,Diane (Author), Flom,Julie (Author), Fulton,Loralee (Author), Liao,Yuyan (Author), Kudadjie-Gyamfi,Elizabeth (Author), and Terry,Mary Beth (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Cancer Causes & Control
- Journal Title Details:
- 22(4) : 599-610
- Notes:
- Investigates the associations between reproductive and menstrual risk factors for breast cancer and mammographic density, a strong risk factor for breast cancer, in a predominantly ethnic minority and immigrant sample. Interviewed women (42% African American, 22% African Caribbean, 22% White, 9% Hispanic Caribbean, 5% other) without a history of breast cancer during their mammography appointment (n = 191, mean age = 50). Concludes that the mean level of mammographic density did not differ across ethnic and nativity groups, but several risk factors for breast cancer were associated with density in ethnic minority and immigrant women.
99. Familial Influences on Poverty Among Young Children in Black Immigrant, US-born Black, and Nonblack Immigrant Families
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Thomas,Kevin J. A. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Demography
- Journal Title Details:
- 48(2) : 437-460
- Notes:
- This study examines how familial contexts affect poverty disparities between the children of immigrant and U.S.-born blacks, and among black and nonblack children of immigrants. Despite lower gross child poverty rates in immigrant than in U.S.-born black families, accounting for differences in family structure reveals that child poverty risks among blacks are highest in single-parent black immigrant families. In addition, within two-parent immigrant families, child poverty declines associated with increasing assimilation are greater than the respective declines in single-parent families. The heads of black immigrant households have more schooling than those of native-black households. However, increased schooling has a weaker negative association with child poverty among the former than among the latter. In terms of racial disparities among the children of immigrants, poverty rates are higher among black than nonblack children. This black disadvantage is, however, driven by the outcomes of first-generation children of African and Hispanic-black immigrants. The results also show that although children in refugee families face elevated poverty risks, these risks are higher among black than among nonblack children of refugees. In addition, the poverty-reducing impact associated with having an English-proficient household head is about three times lower among black children of immigrants than among non-Hispanic white children of immigrants.
100. UK-born ethnic minority women and their experiences of feeding their newborn infant
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Twamley,Katherine (Author), Puthussery,Shuby (Author), Harding,Seeromanie (Author), Baron,Maurine (Author), and Macfarlane,Alison (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Midwifery
- Journal Title Details:
- 27(5) : 595-602
- Notes:
- Objective: to explore the factors that impact on UK-born ethnic minority women's experiences of and decisions around feeding their infant. Design: in-depth semi-structured interviews. Participants: 34 UK-born women of Black African, Black Caribbean, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Indian and Irish parentage and 30 health-care professionals. Setting: women and health-care professionals were recruited primarily from hospitals serving large numbers of ethnic minority women in London and Birmingham. Findings and conclusions: despite being aware of the benefits of exclusive breast feeding, many women chose to feed their infant with formula. The main barriers to breast feeding were the perceived difficulties of breast feeding, a family preference for formula feed, and embarrassment about breast feeding in front of others. Reports from women of South Asian parentage, particularly those who lived with an extended family, suggested that their intentions to breast feed were compromised by the context of their family life. The lack of privacy in these households and grandparental pressure appeared to be key issues. Unlike other participants, Irish women reported an intention to feed their infant with formula before giving birth. The key facilitators to breast feeding were the self-confidence and determination of women and the supportive role of health-care professionals. Implications for practice: these findings point to common but also culturally specific mechanisms that may hinder both the initiation and maintenance of breast feeding in UK-born ethnic minority women. They signal potential benefits from the inclusion of family members in breast-feeding support programmes. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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