Collection: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC) / Subject Term: extension communication / Within Last x Years: within 5 Years

Start Over Collection Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC) Subject Term extension communication Within Last x Years within 5 Years

1. 4-H exhibits guide: how to plan, design, build, show your own exhibits

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Format:: Guide
Publication Date:: n.d.
Published:: USA: Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 156 Document Number: D07310
Notes:: Paul Hixson Collection., 6 pages., Includes design suggestions for wall, floor, hanging and tabletop exhibits.

2. A community approach: digital innovations for extension

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Bascombe, Keron (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2019
Published:: International: Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation, ACP-EU, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 153 Document Number: D11612
Journal Title:: Spore
Journal Title Details:: 194 : 26-28
Notes:: 3 pages., Online from publisher website., Following a training course in technology stewardship, actors in the Caribbean's agri-food sector are implementing ICT approaches to provide agricultural advice and support to their local communities

3. A conceptual framework through which to evaluate Third World agricultural extension programs

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Kroehler, Kenneth J. (author / Harvard University) and Prepared for the International Agricultural Development Service, Arlington, Virginia.
Format:: Report
Publication Date:: unknown
Published:: USA
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: Byrnes1 Document Number: C12071
Notes:: Francis C. Byrnes Collection, <62 p.>

4. Accessing agricultural extension by video

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Mkoka, Charles (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2019
Published:: International: Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation, ACP-EU, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 153 Document Number: D11611
Journal Title:: Spore
Journal Title Details:: 194 : 24-25
Notes:: Online from publisher website., By embracing modern technology and engaging enthusiastic young people, the work of an NGO in Malawi is extending the reach of agricultural extension across the country.

5. Accounting for spillovers in assessing the effectiveness of video messages to improve potato seed quality: evidence from Uganda

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Vandevelde, Senne (author), Van Campenhout, Bjorn (author), and Walukano, Wilberforce (author)
Format:: Journal Article
Publication Date:: 2021-02-21
Published:: Interntational: Taylor & Francis
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 203 Document Number: D12215
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
Journal Title Details:: Volume 27, 2021 - Issue 4
Notes:: 12 pages., Purpose Pervasive use of poor quality seed remains an important reason for low yields throughout the developing world. We explore ways to increase the quality of the local stock of seed tubers among a sample of Ugandan potato farmers. Design/methodology/approach: Using videos, we provide agricultural extension information on (i) how to select the best seed tubers and (ii) how to properly handle and store seed tubers until the next planting season. The relative effectiveness of the information interventions is tested using an individually randomized controlled trial where we model spillovers using a randomization-based framework for estimating causal effects under interference between units. Findings: Especially the video on seed selection translated into increased awareness and adoption of recommended practices, increased probability of using improved inputs, as well as higher consumption. Practical implications: Interventions aimed at improving seed quality are important in the absence of access to high-quality seed. Video messages are becoming increasingly useful as a complementary tool in agricultural extension. Theoretical implications: Randomization-based inference can be used to take into account spillover effects in the analysis rather than the design phase of an experiment. Originality/value: This is the first study to address seed quality of potato tubers in a real-world setting using videos.

6. Adoption Determinants of Agricultural Extension Communication Channels in Emergency and Non-emergency Situations in Ghana

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Bawa, Kambersua (author), Abukari, Abdul-Basit Tampuli (author), Awuni, Joseph Agebase (author), and Yildiz, Fatih (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-01-21
Published:: International: Taylor & Francis
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12426
Journal Title:: Cogent Food & Agriculture
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 7 Issue 1
Notes:: 15 pages., The determinants of agricultural extension communication channel usage depend on several factors but have not been explored in the context of emergency (Fall Armyworm outbreak) and non-emergency situations. A multistage purposive sampling technique was used to select 318 farmers, focusing on the districts and the communities with the highest reported cases of fall armyworm infestation. Descriptive statistics and a multivariate probit analysis were used in the analysis of the data. The results showed an increase in the intensity of channels’ usage in the emergency situation. It was also found that fertilizer and improved seeds were the most common extension need. Channels are found to be more complementary in the emergency case. In both situations, some factors explaining the choices of these channels varied, while others agreed. The study recommends multiple channels are made available and that time-consuming channels irrespective of their effectiveness should be avoided by extensionists in emergency situations.

7. Agricultural demonstration events: What matters

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Frick, R. (author), Huber, K. (author), Moschitz, H. (author), and Alfoldi, T. (author)
Format:: Journal article abstract
Publication Date:: 2019
Published:: Switzerland
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 132 Document Number: D11338
Journal Title:: Agrarforschung Schweiz
Journal Title Details:: 10(9) : 330-337
Notes:: Scopus via University of Illinois online catalog - article subject search. 1 page., This study examined the impacts of farming demonstration events on participants. Findings identified five factors important for the success of demonstration events.

8. An analysis of the public's image of the Michigan cooperative extension service

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Hanenburg, Darlene (author), Peabody, Fred (author), Ferris, Maxine (author), and Heinze, Kirk (author)
Format:: Survey report result
Publication Date:: unknown
Published:: USA
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 199 Document Number: D09833
Notes:: NCR-90 Collection, 2 pages

9. Analysis of Village Extension Agents' Access and Use of Information and Communication Technology in Delivery of Extension Services in the Central Agricultural Zone of Plateau State, Nigeria

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Vihi, S.K. (author), Tor, L.G. (author), Jesse, B. (author), Dalla, AA.. (author), Onuwa, G.C. (author), and Haroun, M. (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-10-21
Published:: Russia: iVolga Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12427
Journal Title:: Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences
Journal Title Details:: Vol.118(10
Notes:: 11 pages, This study examined village extension agent’s access and use of information and communication technology in extension services delivery to farmers in Plateau State, Nigeria. The population for the study consisted of all the village extension agents (VEAs) of the Plateau Agricultural Development Program (PADP) in the central agricultural zone of the state. Multistage sampling technique was employed in selecting the respondents for the study. Primary data were collected through the administration of questionnaires and interview techniques and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings from the study shows that majority (77%) of the sampled village extension agents (VEAs) were males with a mean age of 43 years, Majority (87%) of the respondents were married with a mean household size of 4 persons. The study also showed that majority (80%) of the VEAs had tertiary education with a mean working experience of 13 years and average monthly income of ₦64875. The result also shows that four (4) out of the seven (7) listed ICT facilities were adjudged the ICT facilities accessible to VEAs in the study area having had mean values above the discriminating index (x̅ =2.50). They included; GSM (phone) (x̅ =3.94), radio (x̅ = 2.83), television (x̅ = 2.73) and computer (x̅ = 2.68). Based on 2.50 discriminating index, only two out of seven listed conventional ICT facilities had mean values above the discriminating index (x̅ 2.50) and thus were adjudged the ICT facilities used by VEAs. The GSM (phone) had the highest mean value of 3.62 followed by radio with mean value of 2.54. The logit regression result shows that coefficients of years of working experience and monthly income were significant and positively related to ICT use, while age and complexity in use of ICT were significant and negatively related to ICT use. Major constraints to use of ICT by VEAs includes; lack of administrative support in provision of ICT (87%), lack of in-service training on ICT use (66%), Poor salary/remuneration (64%), lack of awareness of ICT importance in extension (56%) among others. The study recommends intervention, serious synergy, and proactive response on the part of the government, non-governmental organization,s and extension organizations in ICT provision and training of VEAs on ICT use as well as stepping up campaigns on the importance of ICT use in agricultural extension delivery.

10. Annual report of agricultural communications, 1948 - 1956

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: College of Agriculture University of Illinois and United States Department of Agriculture Cooperating
Format:: Report
Publication Date:: unknown
Published:: USA
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 126 Document Number: C18566
Notes:: various reports compiled into one document, Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics

11. Annual report of agricultural communications, 1956 - 1962

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: College of Agriculture University of Illinois and United States Department of Agriculture Cooperating
Format:: Report
Publication Date:: unknown
Published:: USA
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 126 Document Number: C18567
Notes:: various report compiled into one document, Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics

12. Assessment of factors influencing the adoption of improved crop management practices (ICMP) by smallholder farmers in the Boane District, Mozambique

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Da Encarnação Tomo M., Zwane (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: unknown
Published:: South Africa: South African Society for Agricultural Extension
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 201 Document Number: D11897
Journal Title:: South African Journal of Agricultural Extension
Journal Title Details:: 48
Notes:: 14 pages, This paper seeks to assess the factors influencing the adoption of the improved crop management practices (ICMP) in Boane District in Mozambique. The study was carried out using a qualitative survey method with a semi-structured interview schedule. Regression analysis and Pearson correlations were used to analyse the factors, constraints, and opportunities influencing the adoption of the improved crop management practices. The study covered a sample of 50 households. The results of the study show that the majority of the farmers (68%) in the Boane District adopted the improved crop management practices, compared to those who did not adopt them (32%). According to the logistic regression analysis, two factors (age and access to credit) were significant (p<0.05) at the 5% level of significance with the adoption of ICMP, meaning that age and access to credit have an influence on the adoption of the improved crop management practices in the Boane District. The study recommended that the Agricultural Development Fund and the district development should solve the challenge of low financial investments, which is the major problem of most smallholder farmers, limiting their response to the production process, and to adopting the improved crop management practices in the Boane District.

13. Barriers to and strategies for engaging extension educators in family caregiver education

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Struckmeyer, Kristopher M. (author), Roberts, Emily (author), Gordon, Sarah R. (author), Raczkoski, Brandon M. (author), and Singh, Chitra (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-12
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 122 Document Number: D11149
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(6)
Notes:: 9 pages., Article # 6RIB5, via online journal., Oklahoma Extension educators encountered barriers related to trainings and program delivery for a caregiver education program produced by Oklahoma State University Extension. Oklahoma family and consumer sciences educators were interviewed about perceived barriers to attending trainings and delivering the program. Findings indicated that staff shortages, program prioritization, challenges in developing an audience, and communication issues with the program team made it difficult for educators to engage with the program. Strategies for improvement based on the findings were devised.

14. Blending digital and physical tools to deliver CSA information

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Ndirangu, Stella (author)
Format:: Opinion
Publication Date:: 2019
Published:: International: Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation, ACP-EU, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 153 Document Number: D11614
Notes:: 3 pages., Online from publisher., Author addresses "large gap between African extension services ... and the number of farmers being reached." ... "Africa's existing mobile network (currently the second biggest mobile market in the world) could be better utilised to bridge this gap and provide mobile-based agricultural information, advice and support to smallholder farmers."

15. Building engagement in Facebook: A case study with Utah State University Extension

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Kesler, Kenna R. (author), Hall, Kelsey (author), and Spielmaker, Debra (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-02
Published:: United States: New Prairie Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 202 Document Number: D12104
Journal Title:: Journal of Applied Communications
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 105, Issue 1
Notes:: 24 pgs., In order to stay relevant in an online world, Extension must properly use social networking platforms to effectively reach diverse audiences regarding agricultural and natural resource issues. However, few studies have focused on how Extension uses Facebook to effectively accomplish its goal. This study’s purpose was to explore how Utah State University Extension Sustainability uses Facebook to engage followers. The researchers conducted a quantitative content analysis of 504 messages posted to the USU Extension Sustainability Facebook page. Graphics and links were the most common post characteristics used by the organization. Text-only posts and posts containing videos were utilized the least. Food was the most common area of sustainability discussed on the page. Posts containing videos, shared content, or that tagged other Facebook pages in messages experienced statistically significantly higher user engagement than posts without those characteristics. Posts containing hashtags experienced statistically significantly lower engagement. Neutral sentiment appeared in the majority of posts. Additionally, information seeking was the most dominant communicative function among the posts. Neither the type of sentiment nor communicative functions were significantly connected to engagement. Future research should determine changes in knowledge, attitudes, intentions, and behavior as a result of exposure to, and engagement with, the Facebook page. Additionally, a qualitative study determining consumers’ attitudes toward Facebook content can provide a deeper understanding of the audience’s thought processes and content preferences. Page administrators should craft engaging content that builds community among followers.

16. COVID-19 and food safety FAQ: Is coronavirus a concern with takeout?

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Seymour, Natalie (author), Yavelak, Mary (author), Christian, Candice (author), Chapman, Ben (author), and Danyluk, Michelle (author)
Format:: Flyer
Publication Date:: 2020-03-24
Published:: UF/IFAS Food Science and Human Nutrition Department
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 138 Document Number: D11495
Journal Title:: EDIS
Journal Title Details:: 2020(2)
Notes:: 1 page., Via IFAS Extension, University of Florida, These flyers, written by Natalie Seymour, Mary Yavelak, Candice Christian, and Ben Chapman (NC State University Extension), provide quick, digestible information regarding prevention of COVID-19 and procedures for food service, grocery stores, and other food-related businesses. This flyer in particular provides guidance regarding takeout and COVID-19. Published by the UF/IFAS Food Science and Human Nutrition Department.

17. Can women's self‐help groups improve access to information, decision‐making, and agricultural practices? The Indian case

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Raghunathan, Kalyani (author), Kannan, Samyuktha (author), and Quisumbing, Agnes R. (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-08
Published:: Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 78 Document Number: D10822
Journal Title:: Agricultural Economics
Notes:: 14 pages., via online journal,, Effective agricultural extension is key to improving productivity, increasing farmers’ access to information, and promoting more diverse sets of crops and improved methods of cultivation. In India, however, the coverage of agricultural extension workers and the relevance of extension advice is poor. We investigate whether a women's self‐help group (SHG) platform could be an effective way of improving access to information, women's empowerment in agriculture, agricultural practices, and production diversity. We use cross‐sectional data on close to 1,000 women from five states in India and employ nearest‐neighbor matching models to match SHG and non‐SHG women along a range of observed characteristics. We find that participation in an SHG increases women's access to information and their participation in some agricultural decisions, but has limited impact on agricultural practices or outcomes, possibly due to financial constraints, social norms, and women's domestic responsibilities. SHGs need to go beyond provision of information to changing the dynamics around women's participation in agriculture to effectively translate knowledge into practice.

18. Climate change vulnerability and adaptation strategies for smallholder farmers in Yangi Qala District, Takhar, Afghanistan

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Omerkhil, Najibullah (author), Chand, Tara (author), Valente, Donatella (author), Alatalo, Juha M (author), and Pandey, Rajiv (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2020-03
Published:: Science Direct
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 121 Document Number: D11091
Journal Title:: Ecological Indicators
Notes:: 10 pages., Smallholder farmers in Afghanistan are already facing various risks in agricultural production due to past continuous insurgencies. Climate change is likely to amplify the risk and make them even more vulnerable. The present study attempted to evaluate the vulnerability profiles of smallholder farmers due to climate change using the IPCC Framework. Primary data on relevant parameters for assessing climate change-led social vulnerability in the region were collected by classifying study region into two zones: the plain and the hills of Yangi Qala District in Takhar province, Afghanistan. Thirteen villages from each zone were selected at random, and face-to-face interviews were conducted with ten randomly selected households in each of the selected villages in both zones based on a pre-tested questionnaire. The questionnaire contained indicators for all three dimensions of vulnerability: exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. The collected data were subjected to a proposed vulnerability index, after estimating the indices of the three dimensions of vulnerability. The Iyenger and Sudershan weighting method was used to assess the contribution of each vulnerability dimension. Vulnerability was classified according to different categories based on beta distribution to evaluate the villages’ vulnerability status. The results showed that about 23% of all 26 sampled villages in both zones had low exposure, 26% moderate exposure and 51% high exposure to climate-change hazards and extreme weather events. High sensitivity was observed in 51%, moderate sensitivity in 7%, and low sensitivity in 42% of villages. High adaptive capacity to climate change was observed in 38% of villages, 19% were moderately adaptive and 42% showed a low adaptive capacity. High vulnerability was observed in 50% of villages, 4% were moderately vulnerable, and 46% had low vulnerability. A high proportion of smallholder farmers in the hilly zone in the sampled district were highly vulnerable, exposed and sensitive with a low adaptive capacity to climate change compared to the plain zone. The high vulnerability in the hilly zone was attributed to limited resources with a low adjustment capability to counter the disturbances, especially in crop cultivation, in response to climate change. A handful of low-cost and local approaches such as improving farmer extension services, introducing small-scale local infrastructure projects, reinforcing informal safety nets and protecting natural ecosystems could be viable cost-effective options that would also be sustainable given their low recurring costs and the limited maintenance required.

19. Collaborating across state lines to leverage cultural competency expertise

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Wille, Celina G. (author), Garcia, Zuri (author), and Garcia-Pabón, José L. (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-01
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 32 Document Number: D10614
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(3)
Notes:: 5 pages., Article #: 3TOT6, via online journal., A statewide need for Latino cultural competency training for Utah State University (USU) Extension personnel was identified. The solution involved the collaborative efforts of our team of two USU Extension faculty members and one Washington State University (WSU) Extension faculty member on adaption and customization of a needs assessment tool and a training program originated at WSU. Our collaboration leveraged important limited resources such as subject-matter expertise, training materials, time, and funding while providing a venue for feedback and ideas to improve, update, and enhance an existing program. Garnering administrative support from the start is key to successful cross-state collaborative work and implementation of specialized training to expand Latino outreach capacity in Extension.

20. Communicating with data: telling the extension story in credible and actionable Ways

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Craig, Diane D. (author) and Borger, Ruth H. (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-06
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 122 Document Number: D11146
Journal Title:: Journal of Human Sciences and Extension
Journal Title Details:: 7(2):144-174
Notes:: 30 pages., via online journal., Effective communication requires a good message delivered through an effective channel and received by a receptive individual. When that communication is successful, the result is enhanced credibility and trust between the sender and the receiver. Telling the Extension story effectively requires both relevant, credible data to compose a clear message and appropriate communication channels to deliver the message to various audiences. This article describes the approach taken by Florida Extension to gather better statewide data to improve communication about the impact of its Extension work, primarily through the use of infographics. With credible data, and working together, Extension data analysts and communicators can enhance Extension’s reputation, trust, and support with key stakeholders.

21. Communication technology report

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Swan, Sam (author / University of Minnesota, St. Paul), Camp, Linda (author / University of Minnesota, St. Paul), and Anderson, Neil (author / University of Minnesota, St. Paul)
Format:: Report
Publication Date:: unknown
Published:: USA
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 145 Document Number: C22697

22. Competencies needed in extension organizations

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: van den Ban, Ann W. (author)
Format:: Paper
Publication Date:: unknown
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 134 Document Number: C20570
Notes:: Burton Swanson Collection, 14 pages

23. Context Specificity and Time Dependency in Classifying Sub-Saharan Africa Dairy Cattle Farmers for Targeted Extension Farm Advice: The Case of Uganda

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Ahikiriza, Elizabeth (author), Wesana, Joshua (author), Gellynk, Xavier (author), Van Huylenbroeck, Guido (author), and Lawyers, Ludwig (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-07-29
Published:: Switzerland: MDPI
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12516
Journal Title:: Agriculture
Journal Title Details:: 11 (9)
Notes:: 6 pages, Despite the huge potential for milk production, interventions to improve productivity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are barely based on specified farm classifications. This study aimed to develop robust and context-specific farm typologies to guide content of extension farm advice/services in Uganda. From a sample of 482 dairy farmers, we collected data on farmer socio-demographics, farm management practices, ownership of farm tools and facilities, willingness to pay for extension services, milk production, and marketing. Farm typologies were obtained based on principal component and cluster analyses. Thereby, of the three dairy production systems that emerged, small-scale, largely subsistence yet extensive and low productive farms were more prominent (82.6%). Farms that were classified as large-scale, less commercialized yet extensive with modest productive systems were more than the medium-scale commercial farms with intensive and highly productive systems. However, the later were considered to potentially transform dairy farming in Uganda. It was also predicted that the validity of our farm classification may persist until half of the farms have moved between clusters. The study gives new insights on dairy production systems in Uganda, which can be used to organize more targeted research on farmers’ extension needs for facilitating delivery of relevant and effective extension services and designing appropriate extension policies

24. Cooperative extension system's electronic technology aids coverage of drought

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Format:: News release
Publication Date:: unknown
Published:: USA
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 100 Document Number: C08532

25. Creating inclusive extension programs

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: McKee, Katherine E. (author) and Bruce, Jacklyn A. (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-12
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 122 Document Number: D11148
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(6)
Notes:: 4 pages., Article # 6COM1, via online journal., To develop more inclusive programs, Extension professionals should attend to self-awareness, communication, and program structure. We suggest engaging in reflection and examining word choices and program decisions to make programs more welcoming to all members of the communities we serve. Extension professionals should incorporate these practices in their work to meet the needs of increasingly diverse communities.

26. Creative ideas for marketing Extension programs

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Format:: Report
Publication Date:: n.d.
Published:: USA
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 142 Document Number: D06350
Notes:: Community-level examples from Extension Review. 3 pages.

27. Decoding agricultural digitalisation in Africa

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Boloh, Yanne (author) and Cartmell-Thorp, Susanna (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2019
Published:: International: Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation, ACP-EU Wageningen, The Netherlands
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 153 Document Number: D11615
Journal Title:: Spore
Journal Title Details:: 194 : 4-7
Notes:: 4 pages., Online from publisher., "For the first time, a landmark report on digitalisation for agriculture (D4Ag) in Africa compiles and highlights data on digital solutions that are enabling the transformation of African agriculture."

28. Design of Digital Agricultural Extension Tools: Perspectives from Extension Agents in Nigeria

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Oyinbo, Oyakhilomen (author), Chamberlain, Jordan (author), and Maertens, Miet (author)
Format:: unknown
Publication Date:: 2020-03-20
Published:: International: Wiley Online
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 203 Document Number: D12210
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Economics
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 71, No. 3
Notes:: 17 Pages., Given the marked heterogeneous conditions in smallholder agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa, there is a growing policy interest in site-specific extension advice and the use of digital extension tools to provide site-specific information. Empirical ex-ante studies on the design of digital extension tools and their use are rare. Using data from a choice experiment in Nigeria, we elicit and analyze the preferences of extension agents for major design features of ICT-enabled decision support tools (DSTs) aimed at site-specific nutrient management extension advice. We estimate different models, including mixed logit, latent class and attribute non-attendance models. We find that extension agents are generally willing to use such DSTs and prefer a DST with a more user-friendly interface that requires less time to generate results. We also find that preferences are heterogeneous: some extension agents care more about the effectiveness-related features of DSTs, such as information accuracy and level of detail, while others prioritise practical features, such as tool platform, language and interface ease-of-use. Recognising and accommodating such preference differences may facilitate the adoption of DSTs by extension agents and thus enhance the scope for such tools to impact the agricultural production decisions of farmers.

29. Digital and virtual spaces as sites of extension and advisory services research: social media, gaming, and digitally integrated and augmented advice

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Klerkx, Laurens (author)
Format:: Editorial
Publication Date:: 2021-06-18
Published:: United States: Taylor and Francis
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 203 Document Number: D12224
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, The
Journal Title Details:: Volume 27, Issue 3 Pages 277-286
Notes:: 11pgs, Taylor and Francis Online, The field of research on agricultural and rural extension and education, also referred to as advisory services and intermediaries, has always engaged with different aspects of the spaces in which agricultural producers (farmers, growers, ranchers) are situated and operate. In this editorial, I will reflect on the elements and environments which jointly constitute and shape the farm (Darnhofer 2020) and their connection with extension and advisory services in the digital age, opening up new digital and virtual spaces. Extension and advisory services receive ample consideration in current debates on digitalization and digital transformation of the agrifood sector, and are an important focus of attention for agriculture and food systems research, practice and policy (Ehlers, Huber, and Finger 2021; Ingram and Maye 2020; Klerkx 2020). In what follows, I will elaborate on some digital and virtual spaces as sites of extension and advisory services research, to progress the field of study for which The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension serves as a publication outlet.

30. Digital extension, price risk, and farm performance: experimental evidence from Nigeria

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Oyinbo, Oyakhilomen (author), Chamberlain, Jordan (author), Abdoulaye, Tahirou (author), and Maertens, Miet (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-06-21
Published:: United States: Wiley Online
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12539
Journal Title:: American Journal fo Agricultural Economics
Journal Title Details:: 104 (2)
Notes:: 21 pages, Despite decades of investment in agricultural extension, technology adoption among farmers and agricultural productivity growth in Sub-Saharan Africa remain slow. Among other shortcomings, extension systems often make recommendations that do not account for price risk or spatial heterogeneity in farmers' growing conditions. However, little is known about the effectiveness of extension approaches for nutrient management that consider these issues. We analyze the impact of farmers' access to site-specific nutrient management recommendations and to information on expected returns, provided through a digital decision support tool, for maize production. We implement a randomized controlled trial among smallholders in the maize belt of northern Nigeria. We use three waves of annual panel data to estimate immediate and longer term effects of two different extension treatments: site-specific recommendations with and without complementary information about variability in output prices and expected returns. We find that site-specific nutrient management recommendations improve fertilizer management practices and maize yields but do not necessarily increase fertilizer use. In addition, we find that recommendations that are accompanied by additional information about variability in expected returns induce larger fertilizer investments that persist beyond the first year. However, the magnitudes of these effects are small: we find only incremental increases in investments and net revenues over two treatment years.

31. Distance education through video conferencing

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Kishore, Devesh (author) and Division of Agricultural Extension
Format:: Monograph
Publication Date:: unknown
Published:: India: Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 132 Document Number: C20027
Notes:: Burton Swanson Collection, pp. 59-63; From "Krishi vigyan kendra : a movement"

32. Does it matter who advises farmers? Pest management choices with public and private extension

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Wuepper, David (author), Roleff, Nikolaus (author), and Finger, Robert (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2020-01-01
Published:: Switzerland: Elsevier
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12514
Journal Title:: Food Policy
Journal Title Details:: 99
Notes:: 8 pages, Does it matter whether farmers receive advice on pest management strategies from public or from private (pesticide company affiliated) extension services? We use survey data from 733 Swiss fruit growers who are currently contending with an infestation by an invasive pest, the fruit fly Drosophila Suzukii. We find that farmers who are advised by public extension services are more likely (+9–10%) to use preventive measures (e.g. nets) while farmers who are advised by private extension services are more likely (+8–9%) to use synthetic insecticides. These results are robust to the inclusion of various covariates, ways to cluster standard errors, and inverse probability weighting. We also show that our results are unlikely to be driven by omitted variable bias. Our findings have implications for the current debates on both the ongoing privatization of agricultural extension and concerns regarding negative environmental and health externalities of pesticide use.

33. Edu-Communication Strategies of Cashew Production in a Rural Ghanaian Community

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Anyarayor, B.K (author), Amadu, M.F. (author), and Alhassan, A. (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-10-03
Published:: Ghana: Extension Education Society
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 203 Document Number: D12337
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension Education
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 32 No. 3
Notes:: 10 pages., This study examined the edu-communication strategies that agriculture extension service agencies use in the dissemination and promotion of innovation adoption among cashew farmers in the Kpandai district agricultural zones in Northern Ghana. A total of 140 cashew farmers were sampled using simple random sampling technique. Three District Agricultural Officers (DAO) and twenty-one satellite Agriculture Extension Officers (AEO) were also drawn into the sample. The results of the study show that, face to face interaction, field demonstration, entertainment- education through community radio broadcasting and Farmer Group Discussions (FGDs) were extensively and efficiently used by the AEOs to promote adoption of improved production technologies among cashew farmers. The study discovered that EduCom strategies contribute to higher rates of adoption and partly accounts for increased cashew yields in the study area. The indigenisation of agriculture extension services approaches using local language in the design and dissemination of adoption process is, highly recommended as a core tenet of technology dissemination if higher adoption rates are expected.

34. Effective communication of 4-H program essentials to 4-H families

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Lewis, Kendra M. (author), Borba, John (author), Hill, Russell D. (author), and Miller, JoLynn C. (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-06
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 32 Document Number: D10613
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(3)
Notes:: 4 pages., Article #: 3TOT5, via online journal., Youths and parents in the California 4-H program have reported issues with communication and challenges in understanding the program. As a result, we developed a family handbook and other supporting documents to help youths and parents navigate the California 4-H program. This article addresses the development, dissemination, and reach of the handbook. Additionally, the article discusses future directions and implications for other Extension programs.

35. Empowerment of Stakeholders for Scaling-Up: Digital Technologies for Agricultural Extension

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Bhattacharyya, Tapas (author), Wani, Suhas (author), and Tiwary, P. (author)
Format:: Book chapter
Publication Date:: 2021-11-18
Published:: International: Springer Link
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12482
Journal Title:: Scaling-up Solutions for Farmers
Notes:: Pages 121-147 in Scaling-up Solutions for Farmers., In most of the developing countries in Asia and Africa large yield gaps are existing between the current farmers’ yields and potential achievable yields. The necessity of meeting the farmers’ requirement to scale up research results is paramount for adequate food production. This requires empowerment of farmers by answering queries of farmers appropriately through different extension channels including state and central machineries. These are the backbone of the agricultural technology development to empower farmers as the major stakeholders and hence requires attention. Lack of awareness among farmers about good agricultural management practices compel them to follow the traditional practices. All agricultural education and research, ultimately aims at increased productivity and economic well-being of farmers. This is possible only when there is a minimum gap between laboratories and land. This gap is bridged by agricultural extension. But human capacity, the content of the information, processes of delivery and technology determine effectiveness of extension services. Non-availability of sufficient extension personnel is a major constraint. To overcome these shortcomings, e-Extension (eE) is the alternative. It is important to rejuvenate the agricultural extension system (AES) with innovative information communication technology (ICT) models for knowledge generation and dissemination. Latest digital technologies are discussed in this chapter on ICT to empower farmers to scale up for reaching the required target of food production with special reference to Indian scenario. There is an urgent need to transform neglected knowledge delivery systems by strengthening the science of delivery which has been neglected by the researchers/development worker/policy makers alike. Availability of new technologies such as information technology (IT), internet of things (IoT), audio and video using cell phones, geographical information system (GIS), simulation modelling, remote sensing (RS) open up new vistas for effective knowledge delivery for achieving the impacts on ground. This will help to cross the “Death Valley of Impacts” for achieving the zero hunger goal by adopting innovative approaches/tools and partnerships.

36. Engaging residents in participatory photomapping and readiness conversations to address the rural obesogenic context

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Jensen, Kirstin D. (author), Tifft, Kathee (author), Winfield, Tammy (author), Gunter, Kathy (author), Karp, Grace G. (author), and John, Deborah H. (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-10-01
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 109 Document Number: D10982
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(5)
Notes:: 12 pages., Article #: 5FEA1, via online journal., Extension engaged rural Idaho community stakeholders to assess local resources and readiness to address obesogenic contexts through use of the Extension tool HEAL MAPPS. Through participatory photomapping, focus group involvement, and a community readiness conversation, residents identified environmental resources and local efforts as supports for and barriers to healthful eating and active living. Findings indicated that the community was "vaguely aware" that rural obesity risk is a socioenvironmentally determined issue. Extension professionals using HEAL MAPPS effectively promoted new and shared knowledge of weight health resources among community members, enabled rural residents to have a voice in addressing the community context, and empowered community actions.

37. Evaluating promotional efforts for driving traffic to an extension outreach website

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Campbell, Tim (author), Shaw, Bret (author), Rao, Amulya (author), and Klink, Jenna (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-06
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 32 Document Number: D10607
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(3)
Notes:: 7 pages., Article #:3RIB1, via online journal., As online communication becomes more important to Extension professionals, understanding how promotional strategies affect the number of people accessing online content also becomes more important. We tracked website visits resulting from four different promotional efforts to understand relative effectiveness of these efforts. Each effort was unique in cost, efficacy, and efficiency. We found that using multiple promotional approaches to drive traffic to educational content can increase engagement over time and allow for reaching larger audiences.

38. Exploring public speaking self-efficacy in the 4-H presentation program

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Marshall-Wheeler, Nicole (author), Meng, Yu (author), and Worker, Steven (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022-12-19
Published:: United States: Clemson University Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 206 Document Number: D12798
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: V. 60, N. 4
Notes:: 5pgs, Strong communication skills are important in an individual’s personal and professional life; however, research regarding what influences youth’s public speaking self-efficacy is limited. To address this gap, we surveyed youth who participated in a statewide presentation event about their self-efficacy and sources of that self-efficacy. Results show mastery experiences have the greatest relationship to youth’s public speaking confidence. Extension can strengthen youth’s public speaking self-efficacy by increasing the number of presentation opportunities and by removing barriers from participating in existing presentation opportunities.

39. Extensao ou comunicacao? La conscientizacion en el medio rural

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Freire, Paulo (author)
Format:: Book
Publication Date:: unknown
Published:: International: Siglo Veintiuno Editores, Mexico, D.F.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: C27953
Notes:: 108 pages.

40. Extension Organizational Strengths: A Delphi Analysis

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Lamm, Keven (author), Randall, Nekeisha (author), Lamm, Alexa (author), and Sapp, Rochelle (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-05-01
Published:: United States: American Association for Agricultural Education
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 203 Document Number: D12202
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Education
Journal Title Details:: Volume 62 - Number 2 - 2021
Notes:: Sharing the importance of agriculture, agricultural education, and programmatic efforts through Extension is vital to ensuring policy makers and the general public understand the need for supporting the overall agricultural industry. However, communicatingsuch importance can be challenging without accurate, evidence-based language to describe what makes agricultural initiatives unique and effective. Furthermore, having knowledge of the unique strengths of Extension builds a foundation of resources agricultural staff can use in problem-solving, communication, and education techniques. A Delphi study was conducted to research the unique strengths of University of GeorgiaExtension in an effort to better educate and communicate with local and state stakeholders. Findings resulted in 11 strengths that gained 100% agreement from research respondents. Six thematic categories covering all agreed-upon strengths document strengths in an explicit way that can also help with internal communication and education effortswithin the Extension organization.

41. Extension Professionals’ Attitudes, Self-Efficacy,and Perceptions of Inclusion for 4-H Youth with Disabilities

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Anderson, Callie (author), Niewoehner-Green, Jera (author), and Scheer, Scott (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-06
Published:: United States: Routledge
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12494
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Education
Journal Title Details:: Volume 62, Issue 3
Notes:: 14 pages., The 4-H Youth Development program prohibits all forms of discrimination which includes disability. 4-H Extension professionals provide the essential interface between Extension and the local community to create an inclusive environment for all youth, including those with disabilities, that is welcoming and accessible. Attitudes and self-efficacy for working with youth who have disabilities impact how well 4- H delivers positive youth development programs. The purpose of this study was to determine state-wide 4-H Extension professionals’ attitudes, self-efficacy, and perceptions of inclusion toward youth with disabilities. In addition, the researchers sought to examine their use of a training program to better serve youth with disabilities. All 4-H Extension professionals in Ohio were surveyed (N = 135) with 71 responding (response rate of 53%). Results indicated the attitudes of Extension professionals for accepting of and feeling comfortable around youth with disabilities was overwhelmingly positive. They also perceived that youth with disabilities felt that they were included in 4-H activities. For self-efficacy, 4-H professionals reported they could effectively provide inclusive opportunities for youth with disabilities and adapt their level of instruction, take extra time, and pay attention to the needs of youth with disabilities. However, about a third of the respondents somewhat or strongly agreed that their workload would increase by having youth with disabilities in their organization. The disability training program was used by over three-fourths of the 4-H professionals and helped them to engage with parents to learn more about their children with disabilities. The program also improved accommodations and creating a more inclusive 4-H environment.

42. Farmers' Perception Analysis about the Use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Agriculture Extension services of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Salam, Abdus (author) and Khan, Muhammad Zafarullah (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2020-07-25
Published:: Pakistan: Smith and Franklin Publishers
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12381
Journal Title:: Sarhad Journal of Agriculture
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 36 Issue 3
Notes:: 7 pages., Agricultural extension as a mean of dissemination of agricultural latest technologies to the farming communities and motivating them for its adoption can be achieved through better use of communication among relevant stakeholders. The existing extension and communication strategies used in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province have many limitations. The present study was thus conducted to compare and analyze the farmers’ perceptions regarding use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in agriculture extension at three selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Based on the multi-stage sampling technique, population for the current study, 3 zones from 5 were purposively selected on the basis of their different agricultural condition. Selection of sample size was made using Yamane formula. The number of respondents as per formula was confined to 188 respondents in district Mansehra, 153 respondents in district Swabi and 59 respondents from district Karak, where data were collected randomly. Five point Likert scale was used to record responses of the respondents. The results of the study clearly showed that majority of the farmers in the study area were literate (73%) and comparatively was greater in district Mansehra (77%), while least in district Swabi (64%) using ICT for agricultural purposes and observed a significant correlation between the literacy and ICT i.e. 0.77. The results also showed that 39% respondents from District Mansehra, and 33% from district Swabi were fulltime farmers, used ICT. The results also showed that regarding the effectiveness of ICT tools in crop production, printed material; TV and Mobile Phone were used in districts Mansehra, Karak and Swabi respectively. Similarly, it was also inferred that ICT is very effective tool for communication between farmers and with extension workers. Hence, ICT is the most effective and useful tool for the improvement of the overall extension delivery system, so agriculture extension department may establish a formal structure to initiate free SMS and voice message service in the easiest and understandable languages for increasing overall coverage of the extension delivery.

43. Farmers’ assessment of the effectiveness of extension communication methods used in Ogbomoso agricultural zone of Oyo-State, Nigeria

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Yekinni, Oyedeji. T. (author) and Afolabi, Christiana. O. (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: unknown
Published:: African Journals Online
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 122 Document Number: D11144
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Extension
Journal Title Details:: 23(3):126-134
Notes:: 9 pages., via online journal., This study assessed the effectiveness of extension communication methods used in disseminating information to farmers in Ogbomoso Agricultural zone of Oyo State. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 120 respondents. Data were analysed using frequency, percentage, standard deviation, mean, median and mode statistics. The findings show that the extension communication methods used for farmers were farm visit (89.2%) and home visit (78.5%), contact farmers (73.3%) and method demonstration (51.7%). Contact farmers, farm visits and home visit were the most frequently used communication strategies by extension agencies while farm visit (x=1.57) was the most preferred extension method to receive information and technologies and respondents perceived the extension communication methods used to be moderately effective. The study recommends that extension officers should consider the use of communication methods preferred by the farmers to communicate information to them.

44. Finding the right channel: an analysis of communication channel preferences amongst potential extension clientele

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Carroll, Ashley A. (author), Lamm, Kevan W. (author), and Borron, Abigail (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022
Published:: USA: New Prairie Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12607
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Education
Journal Title Details:: V. 63, N.2
Notes:: 19pgs, New communication methods and technology continue to emerge and evolve – as do societal trends – making it paramount that Extension professionals stay abreast with the preferred communication channels of potential clientele. By being aware of clients’ preferred communication channels, Extension professionals can increase the number of participants who benefit from their work while also improving the quality of the message being delivered. The present study examined the preferred communication channels of potential Extension clientele specifically when gathering information regarding their community. Specifically, a non-probability opt-in sampling procedure was employed whereby respondent (N = 3,347) communication channel preferences were analyzed from an audience segmentation and uses and gratifications perspective. Overall, the results indicated the most effective channels through which to reach potential Extension clientele under 50 years of age is through the internet and social media, while word of mouth and newspaper are preferred channels for those 50 and over. However, the results of the study indicate there are a variety of potential communication channels with varying degrees of preference among different audiences. Using study results as a starting point to inform communication channel strategy may help to Extension professionals ensure the correct message is provided to the correct audience via the correct channel.

45. Government extension, agroecology, and sustainable food systems in Belize milpa farming communities: A socio-ecological systems approach

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Drexler, Kristin A. (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: unknown
Published:: 2020-04-16: Lyson Center for Civic Agriculture and Food Systems
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 203 Document Number: D12257
Journal Title:: Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems and Community Development
Journal Title Details:: Volume 9, Issue 3 Spring 2020
Notes:: 13 pages, The sustainability of milpa agriculture, a traditional Mayan farming system in southern Belize, is uncertain. For centuries, the milpa has been a sustainable agriculture system. The slash-and-burn aspect of milpa farming, however, has become less reliable and less sustainable over the last 50 years due to several factors, including forest loss, climate change, population growth, and other factors. The traditional milpa practices of slash-and-mulch and soil nutrient enrichment (nutrient cycling) are agroecological practices that produce food in a more sustainable way. Agriculture extension, a government service in Belize, can promote additional agroecological practices to address food and livelihood insecurities in milpa communities. This study examines perceptions of these practices from milpa farmers and agricultural extension officers in Belize using a socio-ecological systems (SES) framework. SES considers multidisciplinary linkages, including social, economic, environmental, cultural, and other factors in the agroecological system. The study finds several of these SES linkages between agroecological practices--specifically slash-andmulch and soil nutrient enrichment--and the sustainability of the milpa farming system in southern Belize. Milpa communities are part of the broader SES and therefore are affected by changes to it. Milpa communities can also be enabled and participate in solution-finding. The findings imply that increasing the use of agroecology practices in milpa communities is needed and that government involvement and action, particularly from agriculture extension services, can facilitate a more sustainable milpa farming system and therefore more food and livelihood security in milpa communities in Belize.

46. Happily ever after... A systematic literature review of the use of storytelling in extending agricultural research

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Thomson, Michael (author), Cosby, Amy (author), and Swain, Dave (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2019
Published:: Australia
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 163 Document Number: D11653
Journal Title:: Rural Extension and Innovation Systems Journal
Journal Title Details:: 15(1) : 62-72
Notes:: 11 pages., Authors focus on the Australian perspective and draw on a detailed global context to better understand how research might inform the use of creative non-fiction storytelling to aid new technology development.

47. High Impact Extension Programming with Instagram

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Stock, Melanie (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2020-12-01
Published:: USA: American Society for Horticultural Science
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 202 Document Number: D12049
Journal Title:: Hort Technology
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 30, issue 6
Notes:: 5 pages, via Online journal, The social media service Instagram is a popular public platform, but often underused tool to reach new demographics, reduce barriers, and perpetuate science-based information in extension. In the U.S. Intermountain West, Instagram was the top-rated platform for sharing information by predominantly new and female farmers. This article provides recommendations on key behaviors, goal setting, and quantifying impact on Instagram for extension programming. Accounts should target one niche or market, a consistent and personal voice, and regular communication (new content at least three times weekly). Unique and productive connections between extension personnel, community leaders, farmers, students, and public influencers expands programming. Tracking program accounts, including the number of followers and engagement rates, can assess program impacts and target market needs.

48. History of University of California Rangeland Extension, Research, and Teaching

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: unknown
Published:: Society for Range Management
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 16 Document Number: D10464
Journal Title:: Rangelands
Journal Title Details:: 36(5) : 18-24
Notes:: 8 pages., Via online journal., The Agricultural Extension Service at the University of California (UC) was established in Humboldt County in 1913 preceding the nationwide establishment of the extension service in 1914. Improving rangelands by controlling weeds and brush, seeding, fertilization, and grazing management has been a continuing theme of research by UC since the late 1800s. Restoration of annual-dominated grasslands with native perennials has been a recurring research theme that continues to challenge grassland researchers. The complexity of research questions and education programs increased when environmental issues including grazing effects on riparian areas, oak regeneration, wildlife habitat, and water quality began to influence range research and extension programs in the 1980s. A more diversified range extension audience evolved with the increase in small farms and ranches and diversification of agency staff in response to affirmative action.

49. How do extension agents of DAE (Department of Agricultural Extension) use social media for strengthening agricultural innovation in Bangladesh?

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Kamruzzaman, Md (author), Chowdhury, Ataharul (author), Odame, Helen Hambly (author), and Sarapura, Silvia (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2019
Published:: Bangladesh
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 163 Document Number: D11655
Journal Title:: Rural Extension and Innovation Systems Journal
Journal Title Details:: 15(1) : 10-19
Notes:: 10 pages., Researchers surveyed and interviewed extension agents to examine how they are using social media to strengthen.

50. How forming a cooperative network improved services and outcomes for farmers

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Mallory, E.B. (author), Jackson, Tori Lee (author), and Forstadt, Leslie A. (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-08
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 78 Document Number: D10810
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(4)
Notes:: 5 pages., Article #: 4IAW3, via online journal., The Beginning Farmer Resource Network of Maine (BFRN) is a model for maximizing resources and improving farmer services through increased statewide communication and collaboration among a diverse group of agricultural service providers. Formed in 2012, BFRN is a cooperative network with shared leadership and no financial overhead. In a 2018 survey regarding BFRN's impacts, 92% of members (22 of 24 responding members) said they were more effective and efficient. The survey results also indicated that over 800 farmers had made positive changes as a result of members' participation in BFRN. BFRN's continuing high level of activity is a testament to the value this network model offers to participating organizations, agencies, and institutions.

51. How have smallholder farmers used digital extension tools? Developer and user voices from Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Coggins, Sam (author), McCampbell, Mariette (author), Sharma, Akriti (author), Sharma, Rama (author), Haefele, Stephen (author), Karki, Emma (author), Hetherington, Jack (author), Smith, Jeremy (author), and Brown, Brendan (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022-03-01
Published:: United States: Elsevier
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12486
Journal Title:: Global Food Security
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 32
Notes:: 10 pages, Digital extension tools (DETs) include phone calls, WhatsApp groups and specialised smartphone applications used for agricultural knowledge brokering. We researched processes through which DETs have (and have not) been used by farmers and other extension actors in low- and middle-income countries. We interviewed 40 DET developers across 21 countries and 101 DET users in Bihar, India. We found DET use is commonly constrained by fifteen pitfalls (unawareness of DET, inaccessible device, inaccessible electricity, inaccessible mobile network, insensitive to digital illiteracy, insensitive to illiteracy, unfamiliar language, slow to access, hard to interpret, unengaging, insensitive to user's knowledge, insensitive to priorities, insensitive to socio-economic constraints, irrelevant to farm, distrust). These pitfalls partially explain why women, less educated and less wealthy farmers often use DETs less, as well as why user-driven DETs (e.g. phone calls and chat apps) are often used more than externally-driven DETs (e.g. specialised smartphone apps). Our second key finding was that users often made - not just found - DETs useful for themselves and others. This suggests the word ‘appropriation’ conceptualises DET use more accurately and helpfully than the word ‘adoption’. Our final key finding was that developers and users advocated almost ubiquitously for involving desired users in DET provision. We synthesise these findings in a one-page framework to help funders and developers facilitate more useable, useful and positively impactful DETs. Overall, we conclude developers increase DET use by recognizing users as fellow developers – either through collaborative design or by designing adaptable DETs that create room for user innovation.

52. How sources of agriculture information shape the adoption of reduced tillage practices?

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Bavorova, Miroslava (author), Unay-Gailhard, Ilkay (author), Ponkina, Elena (author), and Pilarova, Tereza (author)
Format:: Journal Article
Publication Date:: unknown
Published:: International: Elsevier
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 185 Document Number: D11894
Journal Title:: Journal of Rural Studies
Journal Title Details:: 79
Notes:: 14 Pages, Science Direct, Public and private agricultural information sources are fundamental components that could overcome the barriers to adopting sustainable reduced tillage practices. This study aims to identify the information sources frequently used by farmers and their role in changing from conventional intensive tillage to reduced tillage practices. The study is focused on the Altai Krai region in southwestern Siberia, which faces severe soil degradation problems, pointing to an urgent need for sustainable reduced tillage practices in the area. It relied upon both quantitative and qualitative data that included a quantitative survey with 110 farm managers and qualitative, in-depth interviews with five farm managers. Descriptive statistics were used to explore farm characteristics and farmers’ actual usage of information sources. A logit model was used to estimate the role of agricultural information sources in the adoption of reduced tillage practices. Results show that the participation frequency of farm managers in trainings and workshops influences the adoption of sustainable reduced tillage practices in a statistically significant and positive way. However, the estimation results give that the frequency of expert consultations (from both private and public sources) does not influence the probability of adopting sustainable reduced tillage practices. This may be explained by the fact that farm managers received limited information about sustainable reduced tillage practices from these sources.

53. How to use crowdfunding in extension: a relationship education example

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Monk, J. Kale (author), Vennum, Amber V. (author), and Kanter, Jeremy B. (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-08-01
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 78 Document Number: D10811
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(4)
Notes:: 15 pages., Article #: 4TOT3, via online journal., Crowdfunding is a resource that allows individuals or groups to raise funds while simultaneously engaging relevant communities and, thus, is an important tool for Extension specialists. We provide recommended steps for successful crowdfunding, including tips for identifying a website, developing or refining a proposal, and crafting a marketing and campaign strategy. We use the successful crowdfunding of a relationship education program as an example.

54. Ideas for Illustrations

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Office of Information Federal Extension Service (author / U.S. Department of Agriculture)
Format:: Booklet
Publication Date:: unknown
Published:: USA
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 176 Document Number: C30363
Notes:: No Publication Date

55. Immediate impacts of COVID-19 measures on bean production, distribution, and food security in Eastern Africa

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Muhammed, Ibrahim (author), Ugochukwu Adonikam, Nnanna (author), and Farmers' willingness to take part in Sorghum-based Innovation Platform in Niger State, Nigeria
Format:: Journal Article
Publication Date:: 2020
Published:: India: Extension Education Society
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 202 Document Number: D12095
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension Education
Journal Title Details:: Vol 32, No 1 (2020)
Notes:: 7 pgs., The research examined the determinants of farmers’ willingness to partake in sorghumbased innovation platforms, ascertained the factors influencing their willingness and constraints to their participation. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit data from 350 registered respondents drawn from Niger State, Nigeria. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Probit and multiple regression. The result reveals that the farmers' mean age was 40. About 85 % of them were married with a household size of 1-5 persons. The result of probit showed that availability of active labour force, income from the sorghum, number of trainings, access to extension service and market access were the major determinants to farmers’ participation in sorghum innovation platform. Major constraints were, untimely meetings, poor means of transportation, information gap and complexity of innovation. The study concludes that farmers were willing to participate in sorghum-based innovation platform but do not have enough capital base. The study recommends that farmers should be linked up with credit institutions and timely meetings should be conducted

56. Information and Communication Technologies to Provide Agricultural Advice to Smallholder Farmers: Experimental Evidence from Uganda

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Van Campenhout, Bjorn (author), Spielman, David J. (author), and Lecoutere, Els (author)
Format:: Journal Article
Publication Date:: 2020-03-26
Published:: United States: Wiley Online
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 202 Document Number: D12029
Journal Title:: American Journal of Agricultural Economics
Journal Title Details:: Vol 103, Issue 1
Notes:: 21 Pages, Agricultural advisory services generally rely on interpersonal knowledge transfers by agricultural extension agents who visit farmers to provide information. This approach is not always effective and has proved hard to scale sustainably, particularly in highly dispersed smallholder farming systems. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been advanced as a promising way to overcome many of the problems associated with conventional agricultural extension. We evaluate the effectiveness of an ICT‐mediated approach to deliver agricultural information in a field experiment conducted among small‐scale maize farmers in eastern Uganda. Three complementary technologies designed to address both informational and behavioral constraints to technical change are considered. First, we investigate the effectiveness of audiovisual messages (video) as a means of delivering information on input use and improved maize management practices to farmers. Second, we quantify the additional impact of complementing video with an interactive voice response (IVR) service. Third, we estimate the incremental effect of time‐sensitive short message services (SMS) messages designed to remind farmers about applying key practices at specific points during the season. We find that households that were shown a short video on how to become better maize farmers were performing significantly better on a knowledge test, more likely to apply recommended practices, and more likely to use fertilizer than households that did not view the video. These same households also reported maize yields about 10.5% higher than those that did not view the video. We find little evidence of an incremental effect of the IVR service or SMS reminders.

57. Information and Communication Technology Use Capacity Within Extension Networks: Development and Preliminary Validation of an Empirical Scale

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Lamm, Kevan (author), Davis, Kristin (author), Sanders, Catherine (author), and Powell, Alyssa (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-08-31
Published:: United States: New Prairie Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12496
Journal Title:: Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education
Journal Title Details:: 28 (4)
Notes:: 19 pages., Advancing information and communication technologies (ICTs) has become central to international agricultural and extension development efforts. ICTs are crucial in facilitating information transfer, ensuring stakeholder access to information, and increasing the decision-making capacity of smallholder farmers. The research presented here introduces an instrument developed to quantify perceptions of ICT use capacity within international extension networks. The aggregate scale was verified for content validity, response process validity, internal structure validity, and consequential validity informing its use. The instrument was administered to network members (n = 122) associated with the Global Forum for Rural Advisory Services. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted with measures of correlation and reliability analyzed. Six factors were extracted and analyzed further. The resulting Perceptions of ICT Use scale and factors can be used as reliable instruments for quantifying perceptions of ICT use capacity, enhancing international extension network needs assessments, and informing policies and practices which maximize ICT capacity.

58. Information and communication technologies (ICT) towards agricultural development in rural areas: case of smallholder farmers in Umzimvubu local municipality of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa Authors

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Makaula, Z. (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-05-25
Published:: South Africa: Academy of Science of South Africa
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 203 Document Number: D12307
Journal Title:: South African Journal of Agricultural Extension
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 49 No. 1 (2021)
Notes:: 11 pages., This paper was initiated in order to find the usage and relevance of theInformation and Communication Technologies(ICT) by the smallholder farmers of the Umzimvubu Local Municipality of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. A survey questionnaire was then developed to collect the relevant data from randomly selected six villages of Umzimvubu Local Municipality targeting 138 respondents. The questionnaires structure employed both closed and open-ended questions that were administered using a face to face interview, conducted on the sample population in each village. There seems to be a correlation between ICT usage and the economies of scale in agricultural development, where smallholder farmers tend to use less of highly modernized ICT, while commercial large scale farmers use more of the modernized ICT. This disparity amongst farmers is exacerbated in many areas by the differing support systems employed by the public extension services.

59. Interactive online tool for educating the public about landscape conservation

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Hanks, R. Daniel (author), Baldwin, Robert F. (author), Leonard, Paul B. (author), Bee, Gillian B. (author), and Claflin, Patrick (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-04
Published:: USA: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 15 Document Number: D10425
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(2)
Notes:: 6 pages., Via online journal., Landscape-scale conservation planning performed in a systematic and transparent manner is becoming more common as it is increasingly evident that ecological processes are being affected at large spatial scales. The Appalachian Landscape Conservation Cooperative undertook a 15-state landscape conservation planning project, resulting in a landscape conservation design called NatureScape. To facilitate NatureScape's implementation by groups and individuals participating in on-the-ground landscape conservation, we developed an online decision support tool. This tool has the potential to assist Extension services in delivering research-based information to varied stakeholders as they make land use decisions.

60. Key social processes sustaining the farmer/advisor relationship

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Kuehne, Geoff (author), Nettle, Ruth (author), and Llewellyn, Rick (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2019
Published:: Australia
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 163 Document Number: D11654
Journal Title:: Rural Extension and Innovation Systems Journal
Journal Title Details:: 15(1) : 20-29
Notes:: 9 pages., Through in-depth interviews with farmers having an existing relationship with extension advisors, researchers explored the processes of of advisory relationship building, maintenance, and the nature of commitment to an advisor. Findings identified six guidelines associated with increasing commitment to an advisory relationship.

61. Knowledge of extension agents on climate smart agricultural initiatives in South-West Nigeria

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Olorunfemi, Oluwasogo David (author), Oluwaseun Olorunfemi, Temitope (author), Idowu Oladele, Oladimeji (author), and Olorunfemi Malomo, James (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-11-11
Published:: Nigeria: African Journals Online
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12432
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Extension
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 25 No. 4
Notes:: 9 pages, This study examined the knowledge level of extension agents on six classes of climate smart adaptation initiatives (CSAI). A multi-stage sampling procedure was utilized to collect data from 277 agents in South-West Nigeria with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Data were descriptively analysed using frequency counts, percentages and means. The result showed that extension agents were knowledgeable on crop-mix (56.3%) and tillage-smart (53.4%) related initiatives with more than half of them scoring above the mean benchmark. However, they had a low knowledge level on the majority of the water management (59.2%), fossil-burning (94.2%), soil (75.8%), ICT and other adaptive initiatives (98.9%) as the majority of them scored below the mean benchmark for each of these categories. Seminars and workshops should be provided by extension organizations for these agents to upgrade their knowledge on these initiatives, thus positioning them to effectively be able to render needed advisories to farmers. This will equip farmers to be adept in responding adequately to managing climate change risks and also scale-up their use of CSAI.

62. Learning from experts and peer farmers about rice production: experimental evidence from Cote d’Ivoire

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Takahashi, Kazushi (author), Mano, Yukichi (author), and Otsuka, Keijiro (author)
Format:: Journal article abstract
Publication Date:: 2019
Published:: Elsevier
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 18 Document Number: D10534
Journal Title:: World Development
Journal Title Details:: 122: 157-169
Notes:: Abstract via online journal. 2 pages., Technological innovation is vital to economic growth and food security in sub-Saharan Africa where agricultural productivity has been stagnant for a long time. Extension services and learning from peer farmers are two common approaches to facilitate the diffusion of new technologies, but little is known about their relative effectiveness. Selection bias, whereby well-motivated training participants would perform better even without extension services, as well as knowledge spillovers, where non-participants can indirectly benefit from extension services, are among the major threats to causal inference. Using a unique sequential randomized experiment on agricultural training, this study attempts to meet the dual objectives of executing rigorous impact evaluation of extension services and subsequent spillovers on rice production in Cote d’Ivoire. Specifically, to reduce selection bias, we randomly assigned eligibility for training participation; and to satisfy the stable unit treatment value assumption, control-group farmers were initially restricted from exchanging information with treated-group farmers who had received rice management training. Once some positive impacts were confirmed, information exchange between the treated and control farmers was encouraged. We found that the initial performance gaps created by the randomized assignment disappeared over time, due presumably to social learning from peer farmers. A detailed analysis concerning the information network and peer effects provided suggestive evidence that there were information and technology spillovers from treated to control farmers after removing the information exchange restriction. Overall, our study demonstrates that information dissemination by farmers can be as effective in improving practices as the initial training provided by extension services.

63. Leveraging utilization-focused evaluations to engage elected officials and county personnel

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Lane, Trevor C. (author) and Sanders, Christina (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-10
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 108 Document Number: D10951
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(4)
Notes:: 8 pages., Article # 4FEA2, via online journal., Elected officials, an audience essential to the relevance and funding of Extension, may lack knowledge of Extension's capacity to engage with them in solving local problems, building consensus, and improving strategic planning or governance. They may not consider that by collaborating with locally knowledgeable Extension professionals, they also gain access to broader university resources that can assist them in understanding community needs and obtaining relevant evidence-based recommendations. We describe how Extension and county officials and personnel implemented utilization-focused evaluation to inform county strategic planning, budgeting, and governance, leading to continuous process improvement for the county and increased support for and understanding of Extension.

64. Marketing for next Gen extension clientele through the use of geofilters

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Davis, Jamie (author), Rufener, Samara (author), Dennis, Alan (author), and Murphy, Ann Marie (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2020-02
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 132 Document Number: D11354
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 58(1)
Notes:: 6 pages., Article #:v58-1tt2, via online journal., Research supports Extension educators' use of social media as an engagement, outreach, and marketing tool beyond posts shared by staff and faculty. This article highlights the practical use of Snapchat geofilters at county and statewide Extension events to support the creation of user-generated content and increase Extension's visibility with the public. The development and implementation of an innovative statewide marketing project resulted in data and recommendations that can help Extension educators make meaningful marketing decisions.

65. Meeting a need for agricultural communicators

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Format:: Guide
Publication Date:: unknown
Published:: USA
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: B03991
Notes:: See B04086 for original, Urbana, IL : University of Illinois, College of Agriculture, [196- ]. 8 p.

66. NPAC PUBS #4

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Byrnes, Francis C. (author)
Format:: File
Publication Date:: unknown
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: Byrnes9 Document Number: D09071
Notes:: Includes Documents B00239, B01341, B02044, B02311, C08798, C12642, C12643, C12644, C12645, C12646. In four folders in the box., Francis C. Byrnes Collection

67. New program addresses issues of health access, understanding for Illinois residents

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Koon, Samantha (author / University of Illinois Extension)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-03
Published:: USA: College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 203 Document Number: D12159
Journal Title:: ACES@Illinois
Notes:: Online issue. 3 pages., Announces a new core program area, Integrated Health Disparities, in Illinois Extension. Purpose: "To provide leadership and resources in the crusade to address health inequities." Priority issues will include health promotion and education, healthcare access, behavioral health, and community well-being.

68. Nexus between the invisibility of agricultural extension services and rural livelihoods development: Assertions from rural farming communities

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Qwabe, Q.N. (author), Swanepoel, J.W. (author), Zwane, E.M (author), and Van Niekerk, J.A (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022-11-02
Published:: South Africa: South African Society for Agricultural Extension
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12717
Journal Title:: South African Journal of Agricultural Extension
Journal Title Details:: Vol.50, N.2
Notes:: 16 pages, Agricultural extension is one of the essential services that are offered by the South African Department of Agriculture, Land Reform, and Rural Development (DALRRD), to facilitate agricultural development in rural communities. The significance of agricultural extension is that it offers new knowledge to farmers and allows space for growth through various interventions such as agrarian transformation and improving livelihoods through the promotion of agriculture as a vehicle for ‘pro-poor’ economic growth. However, there is a concern that extension services are invisible in resource-restricted and previously marginalised rural communities. The study presented in this paper examined farmer’s experiences with extension practitioners and the impact of a lack of extension services on the development of impoverished rural communities. The researchers adopted a qualitative design wherein six focus group discussions were held to gather data from the farmers. Data were analyzed using ATLAS.ti22, a computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS). Four themes of extension services that have a direct linkage to livelihood development, namely, the impact on rural livelihoods, production challenges, marketability, and economic impact, and the invisibility of extension services, were the central point of discussion.

69. On the value of innovation and extension information: SCN-resistant soybean varieties

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Moschini, Giancarlo (author) and Lee, Seungki (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022-01-02
Published:: United States of America: Wiley Online
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12538
Journal Title:: American Journal of Agricultural Economics
Notes:: 22 pages, This paper presents direct evidence on the impact of a specific extension program that is aimed at promoting the adoption of varieties resistant to the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), specifically the Iowa State University SCN-Resistant Soybean Variety Trials. We use two data sources: experimental data from these variety trials and a rich proprietary dataset on farmers’ seed purchases. Combining these data, we estimate the value of soybean cyst nematode-resistant variety availability, and the associated variety trials that provide information on their performance to farmers and seed companies. Given the scope and diffusion of this extension program, the focus of the analysis is on Iowa and northern Illinois over the period 2011–2016. Farmers’ seed choices are modeled in a discrete choice framework, specifically a one-level nested logit model. Using the estimated demand model, we find farmers’ marginal willingness to pay for soybean cyst nematode-resistant varieties, and for related extension information provided by the Iowa State University SCN-Resistant Soybean Variety Trials program, to be large. These results are confirmed by counterfactual analyses showing that, over the six-year period and region of the study, the total ex post welfare change associated with the existence of, and information about, SCN-resistant seeds is about $478 million. About one-third of this surplus is captured by seed suppliers, and two-thirds accrues to farmers.

70. Participation in agricultural extension and labor productivity: a case study of smallholder farmers in Ghana

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Anang, Benjamin Tetteh (author) and Ayambila, Sylvester Nsobire (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2020-07
Published:: Germany: CENTMA Research
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12697
Journal Title:: International Journal on Food System Dynamics
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 11, N. 3
Notes:: 10 pages, Low agricultural productivity remains one of the main factors influencing poverty and food insecurity among smallholder farmers in many developing countries. Among the key interventions assumed to influence agricultural productivity of smallholders is the provision of agricultural extension services to farmers. Access to agricultural extension however remains low in most developing countries thus slowing down agricultural productivity growth. This study therefore sought to determine the labor productivity effects of agricultural extension in northern Ghana using data from a cross-section of 300 smallholder farm households. The results of a binary probit model indicated that participation in agricultural extension increased with farming experience, farm size, access to irrigation and group membership but decreased with years of formal education and household size. Regression estimates of a labor productivity model revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between agricultural extension and labor productivity. Also, labor productivity increased with farming experience, household income, access to irrigation, degree of specialization in production and the level of conventional inputs used per man-day of labor but decreased with participation in off-farm work. The authors recommend an increase in agricultural extension coverage to ensure that more farmers are reached with information on modern technologies to enhance their labor productivity. Furthermore, farmers need access to inputs such as seed and fertilizer to improve the productivity of labor.

71. Participatory integrated pest management in Uganda: merging local and scientific knowledge systems

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Erbaugh, J. Mark (author), Willson, Harold (author / Ohio State University), and Kyamanywa, Samuel (author / Ohio State University)
Format:: Research report
Publication Date:: unknown
Published:: USA
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: Byrnes1 Document Number: C12126
Notes:: Francis C. Byrnes Collection, 2 p. Setting and date not identified.

72. Perception of agricultural drought resilience in South Africa: A case of smallholder livestock farmers

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Bahta, Yonas (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-06-22
Published:: South Africa: AOSIS
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 203 Document Number: D12209
Journal Title:: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies
Journal Title Details:: Vol 13, No 1
Notes:: 11 pages., Worldwide drought has significance and continues to pose long-lasting effects on the agricultural sector, including South Africa. The recurring drought is a major challenge to smallholder livestock farmers in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. This study assesses the perception of smallholder livestock farmers towards agricultural drought resilience. The study utilised a perception index score using primary data collected from 207 smallholder livestock farmers following a structured questionnaire survey and multistage sampling procedures. The study found that the average perception index of the role of social networks and government to enhance agricultural drought resilience was negative, which implied that their role in enhancing resilience towards agricultural drought was insufficient. However, the perception of smallholder livestock farmers on the role of social networks was lower than the role of government. This study recommends coordination and cooperation amongst all role players to reinforce strategies to enhance smallholder livestock farmers’ resilience. This includes coordinator amongst the local, provincial government, African Farmers’ Association of South Africa, extension officers, private sectors, monitoring agencies in terms of reliable early warning information and communication amongst decision-makers. Collaboration amongst government departments at the national and provincial levels should be strengthening to enhance farmer’s resilience. The collaboration includes the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries at the national level, Provincial Departments of Agriculture, National and Provincial Disaster Management Centres, South African Weather Service and Department of Water Affairs. Smallholder livestock farmers’ awareness of the significance of social networking and government participation should be promoted.

73. Perry holden: corn missionary

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Crosbie, Karol (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: unknown
Published:: USA
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 124 Document Number: C16154
Journal Title:: Visions
Journal Title Details:: 15(4): 34-35
Notes:: 3 p.

74. Perspectives on communicating 21st-Century agricultural innovations to Nigerian rural farmers

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Ejem, Agwu Agwu (author), Aremu, Charity (author), Ajakaiye, Olanrewaju O.P (author), Ben-Enukora, Charity (author), Akerele-Popoola, Oluwakemi E. (author), Ibiwoye, Tope Israel (author), and Olaniran, Abiola Folakemi (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2023-01-19
Published:: Netherlands: Elsevier B.V.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 206 Document Number: D12819
Journal Title:: Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 11
Notes:: 8 pages, This perspective paper reviews the existing research directions on agricultural extension programmes in Nigeria and highlights how they are incapable of diffusing enough knowledge to facilitate the adoption of 21st-century agricultural innovations and enhance sustainable practices among rural farmers. A key idea of this paper is to suggest a new direction of research that is oriented towards the quality, skills, and strategies of effective and efficient communication that the extension agents possess, and a two-way communication delivery, and accentuate how it is a panacea for effective diffusion of knowledge and adoption of agricultural innovations among rural farmers. The methodology was to review and compare bodies of literature from countries with the best agricultural extension and rural advisory services, particularly some countries in Asia, and show how insights from those countries can inform a new research direction in effectively communicating agricultural innovations to Nigerian rural farmers. Drawing on experiences from those countries, it was confirmed that Nigeria's extension system is not effective and efficient in communicating innovations in global agricultural practices to farmers in the rural areas, and research efforts in extension services in the country are still fixated on the role of extension agents as teachers to farmer-pupils and one-way communication delivery from research through extension to farmers, and the availability and ability to use communication channels. Based on the current challenges in farming and agriculture at large, there is a need to rethink the concept of extension in Nigeria, emphasize training of agents, acquisition of communication skills and adoption of a two-way communication delivery that recognises farmers as autonomous agents and co-designers of agricultural innovations and not just passive receivers. The value of this paper is that it is arguably the first attempt to chart a new perspective and communication delivery methods for research and practice in agricultural extension programmes in Nigeria.

75. Perspectives on place-based local leadership programs: fostering leadership and community attachment in youths

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Corboy, John Trevor M. (author), Warner, Laura A. (author), and Benge, Matt (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-08
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 108 Document Number: D10950
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(4)
Notes:: 11 pages., Article # 4FEA3, via online journal, Leadership development, service learning, place-based education, and economic revitalization are topics relevant to Extension. We performed an evaluation to determine whether a place-based leadership program in Clermont County, Ohio, helps students develop leadership skills and encourages their return to the community. Program evaluation data collected via a web-based survey indicated that 80% of youths planned to return to the area to live and work, an action that would contribute to revitalization of the community. Extension professionals can use findings from our evaluation as a basis for improving existing programs, structuring new youth leadership initiatives, and communicating the value of place-based youth leadership programs to stakeholders.

76. Printing and mailing for the brand: An exploratory qualitative study seeking to understand internal branding and marketing within University and Extension communication services units

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Zagonel, Anissa (author), Baker, Lauri M. (author), King, Audrey E.H. (author), and Kansas State University Oklahoma State University Association for Communication Excellence
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2019
Published:: United States: New Prairie Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 15 Document Number: D10433
Journal Title:: Journal of Applied Communications
Journal Title Details:: 103(2)
Notes:: 15 pages., Via online journal., Investment of employees in a brand can lead to greater public understanding and positive impressions of a brand by external stakeholders. However, this can be challenging in public organizations with multiple brand segments and a large number of employees spread across great distance with limited funds for marketing. While previous work has looked at Extension agents, faculty, and volunteers’ brand perceptions, no studies have looked at communication services employees’ investment in the brand. The purpose of this qualitative study was to discover how well employees in a university and Extension printing and mail entity understood the Extension brand and their investment in the brand. Research questions that guided this study were: 1) What perceptions and investment do communication services employees have in the Extension brand? And 2) what are employees’ perceptions of the organization’s branding and marketing efforts? Each of the 18 interviews included a series of questions focusing on employees’ story related to Extension and employees’ thoughts on branding and marketing efforts. Results in this study with communication services employees indicate these employees are not invested in the brand with the majority having little to no understanding of the mission of Extension. This contradicts previous research with employees in other brand segments of Extension. Implications of this work include a need for training on the Extension mission for communication services employees, a shift in culture to encourage investment in the brand, and inclusion of all Extension employees in the mission of Extension.

77. Public scholarship: a tool for strengthening relationships across extension, campus, and community

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Monk, J. Kale (author), Benson, Jacquelyn J. (author), and Bordere, Tashel C. (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-06
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 32 Document Number: D10610
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(3)
Notes:: 5 pages., Article #:3TOT1, via online journal., Higher education resources are increasingly limited due to declining budget revenue and other challenges. Thus, it is vital for Cooperative Extension to synergize efforts of disseminating education to the public. Promoting public scholarship in and beyond Extension is a promising initiative that can foster collaborations by leveraging existing resources in advancing the Extension mission. We highlight a new program aimed at encouraging a culture of public scholarship across academia. The program is intended to increase knowledge about public scholarship and awareness of its benefits to stakeholders, identify barriers to public scholarship, and provide concrete examples of ways Extension and non-Extension faculty can collaborate on research and programming efforts.

78. Publications distributed by the Massachusetts Extension Service serve the rural people of the state

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Carpenter, E.S. (author)
Format:: Research summary
Publication Date:: N.D.
Published:: USA: Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: D08944
Notes:: Page 2 in Lucinda Crile, Findings from studies of bulletins, news stories, and circular letters. Extension Service Circular 488. Revision of Extension Service Circular 461, which it supersedes. May 1953. 24 pages. Brief description of an agricultural extension study at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. N.D. 8 pages.

79. Puppets go to the country

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Beltran, Luis Ramiro (author)
Format:: Report
Publication Date:: n/d
Published:: International
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 192 Document Number: D03125
Notes:: Visual Aids in Agricultural Extension Series, Scientific Communication Service of the Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Organization of American States. 39 pages.

80. Realizing the potential of digital development: The case of agricultural advice

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Schilbach, Frani (author), Kremer, Michael (author), and Fabregas, Raissa (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-12-13
Published:: United States: American Association for the Advancement of Science
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12491
Journal Title:: Science
Journal Title Details:: Vol 366, Issue 6471
Notes:: 12 pages, Mobile phones are almost universally available, and the costs of information transmission are low. They are used by smallholder farmers in low-income countries, largely successfully, to optimize markets for their produce. Fabregas et al. review the potential for boosting mobile phone use with smartphones to deliver not only market information but also more sophisticated agricultural extension advice. GPS-linked smartphones could provide locally relevant weather and pest information and video-based farming advice. But how to support the financial requirements of such extension services is less obvious, given the unwieldiness of government agencies and the vested interests of commercial suppliers.

81. Reliability of the Agricultural Extension and Technological Services among Rice Farmers in the Rural Areas of Tanzania

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: D. Kulyakwave, Peter (author), Shiwei, Xu (author), Wen, Yu (author), Sar, Sary (author), and Muyobozi, S. (author)
Format:: unknown
Publication Date:: 2021-05-21
Published:: South Africa: African Journals Online
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 203 Document Number: D12213
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Extension
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 25 No. 2 (2021)
Notes:: 14 pages., This study provided insights into the availability and use of agricultural information by small scale farmers in the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. The research used structured questionnaires to interview 240 rice farmers in the Mbeya region. The findings revealed that farmers accessed agricultural information from various agents including local government extension staff, neighbors and friends, advertisements, electronic media including the internet, television, radio, and other channels. The identified technological information application methods included by lectures, field demonstrations, exposure visits to various places, and printed production. The majority of farmers perceived to have dissatisfied (43%), strongly dissatisfied (25%), strongly satisfied (20%), satisfied (8%), and no opinions (4%) concerning accessibility to agricultural information and technological services. The majority of farmers claimed that both agricultural information and technological communication are strongly needed for agricultural performance. The study suggests that government and non-government organizations should collaborate to bridge the existing information-sharing gap between farmers and information providers.

82. Removing basic evil from agriculture

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Hussain, Muzaffar (author)
Format:: Article
Publication Date:: n/d
Published:: Pakistan: Ferozsons Ltd., Lahore, Pakistan.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 192 Document Number: D03128
Notes:: 6 pages., Author points to ignorance as the worst of all evils. Emphasizes the role of extension and communication in developing agriculture in Pakistan.

83. Reorienting Priorities of Extension and Advisory Services in India during and Post COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Chander, Mahesh (author) and Rathod, Prakashkumar (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2020-07-01
Published:: India: Indian Journal of Extension Education
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 294 Document Number: D12489
Journal Title:: Indian Journal of Extension Education
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 56 (3)
Notes:: Extension and Advisory Services (EAS) are delivered by millions of extension professionals representing the public, private and civil society located across the globe and have been helping in addressing farmers’ needs over the years, including during COVID-19 pandemic situation. However, public sector has been a major agency dealing with EAS in India and is facing several challenges and constraints to fulfil the demands of farmers on timely basis. The challenge today is to change the organizational culture to incorporate innovation as a core value and to institutionalize the emerging paradigms. Further, different strategies and measures need to be taken to ensure timely and quality EAS by reorienting extension priorities in such emergency situations and later too. In this context, an effort to review the extension mechanism across India and also has focused on reorienting extension priorities post COVID-19 scenario. The study has highlighted on strengthening extension and feedback mechanism, improving research-extension linkages, capacity building, public-private partnership (PPP), developing infrastructure, mass media support and use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) etc. to improve the efficiency as the time demands. The paper concludes that reorienting extension priorities is very essential with a vast network of various stakeholders by adapting effective approaches like utilization of social media, human resource development, PPP, farmer groups etc. during and post pandemic scenario. Further, empirical efforts are also needed to develop reliable, location-specific, participatory, gender-sensitive and inexpensive extension methodologies and materials to meet the demands during such crisis. Further, developing countries like India have to invest in terms of various resources like financial, human resource etc. for promoting higher productivity and sustainability through EAS.

84. Rethinking technological change in smallholder agriculture

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Glover, Dominic (author), Sumberg, James (author), Ton, Giel (author), Andersson, Jens (author), and Badstue, Lone (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-08-22
Published:: International: SAGE Journals
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12493
Journal Title:: Outlook on Agriculture
Journal Title Details:: Vol 48, Issue 3
Notes:: The concept of technology adoption (along with its companions, diffusion and scaling) is commonly used to design development interventions, to frame impact evaluations and to inform decision-making about new investments in development-oriented agricultural research. However, adoption simplifies and mischaracterises what happens during processes of technological change. In all but the very simplest cases, it is likely to be inadequate to capture the complex reconfiguration of social and technical components of a technological practice or system. We review the insights of a large and expanding literature, from various disciplines, which has deepened understanding of technological change as an intricate and complex sociotechnical reconfiguration, situated in time and space. We explain the problems arising from the inappropriate use of adoption as a framing concept and propose an alternative conceptual framework for understanding and evaluating technological change. The new approach breaks down technology change programmes into four aspects: propositions, encounters, dispositions and responses. We begin to sketch out how this new framework could be operationalised.

85. Role of agricultural journalism in diffusion of farming technologies

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Yaseen, Muhammad (author), Karim, Mujahid (author), and Luqman, Muhammad (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2019
Published:: Pakistan
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 201 Document Number: D11830
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Research
Journal Title Details:: 57(4) : 289-294
Notes:: Online via keyword search of UI Library e-Catalog., Farmer interviews revealed that various forms of agricultural journalism were significant: radio, television, cable network, print media, social media, mobile phone service, and internet websites. Use of some of these was strongly dependent on education level.

86. Smartphone Application in Turkish Agriculture Sector

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Ermak, Ebru (author), Gürel, Aydin (author), and Sarioglu, Muaffak (author)
Format:: Journal article
Language:: English / Turkish
Publication Date:: 2021-03-01
Published:: Turkey: Igdir University Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 203 Document Number: D12214
Journal Title:: Journal of the Institute of Science & Technology
Journal Title Details:: Volume 11, Issue 1
Notes:: 23 pages; Scroll to very bottom of journal record for access to pdf., In parallel with the development of technology, there have been changes in information acquisition, communication, agricultural production and agricultural extension activities. In this context, it is important for producers to be able to carry out their plant production and animal production activities more consciously, easily or quickly. The rapid spread of smartphones and the smartphone applications developed accordingly, different applications developed by various institutions (such as public and private sector, unions and cooperatives) are a fairly new issue in terms of agricultural extension, agricultural production and digitalization in agriculture. Defining an innovation as an innovation and accepting it as the final result undoubtedly pass through some processes. In this study, the recognition of innovation is discussed. The aim of the study is examined in two ways. First, the current situation of smartphone applications in Turkey were analyzed. Which of these applications are used and which organizations serve the producers were obtained by conducting research on the internet and examining the secondary data. In the second part, which of these applications are known or used by the producers in Edirne Province Lalapaşa District were questioned on the basis of the producers. Online network was used as a method in the research. The presence of a group established by Lalapaşa producers, which is organized through Facebook, which is one of the social media channels, has made it easier to find out which smartphone applications are used. In order to determine which applications Lalapaşa producers use; 265 producers responded to the survey conducted over the group established on Facebook between January 23, 2020 and January 30, 2020. 428 people, including 392 men and 36 women, were producers in the group, and 61.92% of the producers participated in the survey. The research showed us the applications created by the public sector is more when it is compared the cooperative and private sector in Turkey. Among the applications of the public sector; it has been determined that Meteorological Condition Application, Land Registry Cadastre Parcel Query Application, and e-Goverment Application are used more than other applications.

87. Social Network Analysis for efficient delivery of Agricultural Extension Services

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Tripathi, Rohit (author) and Devi, Kalyanee (author)
Format:: Conference paper
Publication Date:: 2020-01-01
Published:: International: IEEE
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 203 Document Number: D12217
Journal Title:: 2020 11th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT)
Journal Title Details:: 2020
Notes:: Social Networks like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and WhatsApp are now becoming very popular tools that are used for sharing the latest and important farming based information in different part of India. These tools are now widely used by Agricultural Extension and Advisory services to interact with the farmers for exchanging agricultural related information in India. The most influential farmers in a network can disseminate the information to the less central farmers of the network. The extension functionaries that promote the agricultural innovation will share the information with the most central members which in turn will share it with maximum number of the members of a social network. Social Network Analysis (SNA) acts as an efficient analytical tool that helps us to understand the relationship between farmer stakeholders and the importance of a farmer's position in the entire network. In this paper, a structural analysis of the Social Network is performed over two datasets, namely, Facebook-like dataset and Twitter Lists dataset. Here, we have studied the importance of individual nodes in the network through various centrality measures. SNA properties like centralities are used to represent the most central nodes that can act as a good influence spreader in the network. In this paper, initially the k-core decomposition method is used to find a set of influential nodes among all the nodes in the network. It is done to reduce the computational time. Our simulation shows that the nodes with higher Page Rank centrality can activate more members in a network as compared to other centrality measures. For Information diffusion, we have used Linear Threshold (LT) Model to understand the influence spread of the central farmers in the network.

88. Social marketing–enhanced home energy education encourages adoption of energy-saving practices

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Caldwell, Kathryn A. (author), Vaughn, Leigh Ann (author), Harrod, Elisabeth (author), and Harrod, Jon (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-10
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 109 Document Number: D10992
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(5)
Notes:: 10 pages., Article # 5RIB3, via online journal., We developed a program centered on a social marketing–enhanced home energy education visit to encourage homeowner adoption of specific energy conservation measures. We randomly assigned 170 homeowners to an experimental condition that included energy education before an energy audit or a control condition that included only an energy audit. Participants in the experimental condition adopted more no-cost and low-cost one-time energy conservation changes, such as adjusting refrigerator/freezer temperatures and lowering hot water temperature. However, they did not invest more in home energy renovations or other costly changes, such as replacing inefficient appliances. We discuss implications of this experiment for enhancing effectiveness of Extension-based energy education programs.

89. Some propositions about communication: how do they apply in Extension work?

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Format:: Report
Publication Date:: n.d.
Published:: USA: Unknown publisher.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 156 Document Number: D07305
Notes:: Paul Hixson Collection, 1 page.

90. Switching up climate-smart agriculture adoption: Do "green" subsidies, insurance, risk aversion and impatience matter?

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Ngoma, Hambulo (author), Mason-Wardell, Nichole M. (author), Samboko, Paul C. (author), and Hangoma, Peter (author)
Format:: Research summary
Publication Date:: 2019
Published:: Zambia: Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 166 Document Number: D11674
Notes:: 4 pages., Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Food Security Policy, Research Paper 164., Using games, researchers tested the hypothesis that innate behavioral traits such as risk and time preferences play a role in Zambia farmers' decisions about adoption of Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices. "Given our findings that more risk-averse individuals are less likely to adopt CSA, a practice that is intended to be risk-reducing, a key policy implication is the need for a retooling of both public and private extension services to better demonstrate and educate farmers on the risk-reducing effect of CSA practices such as conservation agriculture. Moreover, if insurance and subsidies are to be used successfully to nudge adoption, extension will need to educate farmers on the structure of and mechanisms of payouts. This is important to build trust in the incentive systems.

91. Talking Plants: Examining the Role of Podcasts in Communicating Plant Pathology Knowledge

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Lim, Melissa (author) and Swenson, Rebecca (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-05
Published:: United States: New Prairie Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 203 Document Number: D12198
Journal Title:: Journal of Applied Communications
Journal Title Details:: Volume 105 - Issue 2
Notes:: 27 pages, Extension programs must constantly evaluate communication plans and platforms to determine if they are worth the investment of time, money, and resources. Podcasts are growing in popularity as a communication platform for education and entertainment. With the VARK model of learning styles and core plant pathology concepts as a guide, researchers evaluated the prevalence and type of plant pathology information in podcasts to better understand how podcasts could benefit Extension plant pathology programs. Using keywords related to plant pathology, researchers searched popular mobile podcast listening applications and evaluated relevant podcast episodes using content analysis methods. Results indicated few podcast shows discuss plant pathology topics. The podcast shows identified, however, covered eight fundamental units of plant pathology knowledge: basics of plant pathology, plant pathology techniques, biology of plant diseases, biology of plant pathogens, management of plant diseases, influence of the environment, other causes of plant disease symptoms, and importance of fungi. Results suggested that podcasts can effectively communicate different types of plant pathology information to audiences. Plant pathology Extension programs can utilize the findings of this study to create new plant pathology podcasts that meet the changing needs of plant pathology Extension clientele. It is worthwhile to further explore the use of podcasts in plant pathology Extension programs.

92. Tapping the full potential of the digital revolution for agricultural extension: an emerging innovation agenda

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Steinke, Jonathan (author), van Etten, Jacob (author), Muller, Anna (author), Ortiz-Crespo, Berta (author), van de Gevel, Jeske (author), Silvestri, Silvia (author), and Priebe, Jan (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2020-03-27
Published:: International: Taylor and Francis
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12480
Journal Title:: International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability
Journal Title Details:: 5-6
Notes:: 26 pages, Agricultural extension in the Global South can benefit greatly from the use of modern information and communication technologies (ICT). Yet, despite two decades of promising experiences, this potential is not fully realized. Here, we review the relevant research literature to inform future investments into agricultural information services that harness the full potential of digital media. We describe a recently emerging innovation agenda that is, in part, a response to the eventual failure of many new agro-advisory initiatives. One important cause of failure has been a focus on pushing certain technologies, rather than responding to the particular communication challenges of potential users. To avoid such bias in designing new services, the new innovation agenda rests on two major foundations: strong user-centredness and problem-orientation. In our review, we first describe how user-centred design methods help in specifying both problems and (digital) solutions in agricultural extension. To inform responses to the communication challenges defined by that analysis, we then describe eight emerging aspects of using ICT for development, and how they can address common deficiencies of agricultural extension. Practical examples from the literature highlight the possibilities and limitations of these innovation directions. Beyond digital design, however, technological innovation requires enabling institutions.

93. Teaching strategies for extension specialists

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Miller, David J. (author / North Dakota Cooperative Extension Service)
Format:: Monograph
Publication Date:: unknown
Published:: USA
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 131 Document Number: C19924
Notes:: Burton Swanson Collection, 123 pages

94. The Food Factor: Perceptions of the brand

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Brubaker, McKayla (author), Settle, Quisto (author), Downey, Laura (author), Hardman, Alisha (author), and Oklahoma State University Mississippi State University
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2019
Published:: United States: New Prairie Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 7 Document Number: D10246
Journal Title:: Journal of Applied Communications
Journal Title Details:: 101(3)
Notes:: 19 pages., Via online journal., Mississippi residents were surveyed to determine their perceptions surrounding the The Food Factor brand. The Food Factor is a weekly Extension mass media program that communicates research-based information about food, nutrition, diet, and healthy lifestyles. A researcher-developed survey instrument was used to collect information using Qualtrics. The sample consisted of a representative sample of 404 Mississippi residents over the age of 18. Nonprobability quota sampling was used to examine population segments related to sex, Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic populations, and other racial demographic segments. The respondents were asked about their use and awareness of The Food Factor, where they were split into viewer and non-viewer categories. Viewers were asked about their viewing frequency, perceptions and skills learned related to watching The Food Factor, and their nutrition-related behaviors. Non-viewers were also asked about their perceptions of The Food Factor between branded and non-branded The Food Factor episodes. This study found the The Food Factor brand lacked brand recognition and recall. However, the respondents had a slightly positive perception of the brand. Overall, this study could not conclude that branding of the episodes was making a difference in non-viewers’ perceptions, despite the fact that many previous studies have identified branding as an important strategy in social marketing. Recommendations include a consistent and increased use of the brand, such as subtitles or logos, and future research on the use of branding in social marketing program, social marketing in Extension, and the role of branding in mass media programs.

95. The Military Families Learning Network: A Model for Extension-Based Virtual Learning Communities

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Plein, Christopher (author), Cassels, Alicia (author), and West Virginia University Auburn University
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-12
Published:: United States: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 124 Document Number: D11229
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(6)
Notes:: 9 pages, via online journal, This article provides an overview of Extension's Military Families Learning Network. The network is an example of Extension's commitment to building virtual learning networks in the support of targeted professional and lay audiences. The network uses well-established and emergent pedagogical approaches focusing on adult-centered learning while employing state-of-the-art online learning technologies. We present a four-dimensional model of learning activities to illustrate how the network offers different options for and approaches to adult-centered learning and training. The Military Families Learning Network can serve as a model for broader adoption of such entities across the Extension community.

96. The Purdue FACTS (Fast Agricultural Communications Terminal System) program

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Format:: Report
Publication Date:: unknown
Published:: USA
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 145 Document Number: C22699
Notes:: Pages 143-154 in Larry R. Whiting, Communications technology in the land grant university setting: a focus on computer-based innovations for information dissemination to external audiences. Miscellaneous Report. Center for Agricultural and Rural Development and Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Iowa State University, Ames, 1981.

97. The agricultural knowledge network in the Netherlands

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Format:: unknown
Publication Date:: unknown
Published:: Netherlands
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 134 Document Number: C20583
Notes:: Burton Swanson Collection

98. The computerized management network

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Format:: Report
Publication Date:: unknown
Published:: USA
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 145 Document Number: C22654
Notes:: The Computerized Management Network was a pilot project of the Extension Division, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.

99. The effect of communication media on the uptake of agricultural innovations in selected states of Nigeria

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Atser, Godwin Liambunde (author), Dixon, Alfred (author), Ekeleme, Friday (author), Hauser, Stefan (author), Fadairo, Olushola (author), Adekoya, Adegbenga (author), Ayanwale, Adeolu Babatunde (author), Agada, Mary (author), Oladokun, Ibukunoluwa (author), Akpu, Patrick (author), Sanni, Lateef (author), Pypers, Pieter (author), Ampadu-Boakye, Theresa (author), and Van Lauwe, Bernard (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022-09-21
Published:: UK: Taylor and Francis
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12648
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
Notes:: 23 pages, Poor uptake of agricultural innovations on weed management practices is a major factor responsible for low productivity. This paper examines how communication media can help improve farmers’ adoption behaviour.

100. The effectiveness of satellite conferencing as a medium of information dissemination

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Wessel, J.A. (author / Department of Family Resource Management, College of Human Ecology, Ohio State University)
Format:: Manuscript
Publication Date:: unknown
Published:: USA
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 101 Document Number: C08605

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