239 p., "Despite the popular adage that blacks do not vote for blacks, using original survey data, I find that Afro-Brazilians in Salvador and São Paulo who identify as black (preto or negro ) vote for black politicians more than Afro-Brazilians who claim lighter colors. This is a significant finding because it means that Afro-Brazilians do not choose identities idly. Rather, identifying as black is a form of black consciousness." --The Author