Portuguese and Spanish slavers supplied the Americas with "los Negros," the Blacks. Only those young and strong, impervious to European disease and able to withstand months of torturous living packed in the cruel quarters of slave shipholds survived the middle passage. Those who arrived, stunned and malnourished, lost in a foreign land, were easy prey to the slavers. Removed from a world that had nourished them, left to the mercy of those whose own lack of humanity prevented the recognition of theirs, they were utterly dependent and at the mercy of their captors. Vestiges of racism threaten to dismantle further progress in South America, as they do here. The prophecies of Willie Lynch, a slave owner who created a divisive plan to keep Blacks separate by fostering dissent among them, are coming true. Lynch outlined the differences in physical characteristics among the slaves-skin shade, hair texture, height, etc. By playing up these differences, Lynch promised, "The Black slave, after receiving this indoctrination, shall carry on and will become self-refueling and self-generating for hundreds of years, maybe thousands." Throughout North and South America, Lynch's plan lives on. Color lines rule, with the predominantly European strains remaining in power, and those of darker skin and crisper hair texture continue to be oppressed. It is a chilling reality that echoes down from the brutal suppression of the native peoples of Chiapas to the continued repression of Mexicans here and in their own country, to the harsh discrimination shown the Blacks of Brazil and America.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
369 p., Provides a history of Brazilian racial inequality from the abolition of slavery in 1888 up to the late 1980s, showing how economic, social and political changes in Brazil during the last 100 years have shaped race relations. By examining government policies, data on employment, mainstream and Afro-Brazilian newspapers, and a variety of other sources, Andrews traces pervasive discrimination against Afro-Brazilians over time. He draws his evidence from the country's most economically important state, Sao Paolo, showing how race relations were affected by its transformation from a plantation-based economy to South America's most urban, industrialized society.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
48 p., Examines black history from 1968 until 2008, discussing race relations around the world, apartheid in South Africa, genocide in Rwanda, the assassination of Martin Luther King, affirmative action programs, Hurricane Katrina, artists and important figures of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Includes sections on "Black and British" and "Caribbean independence."
Paula,Marilene de (Author), Heringer,Rosana (Author), and Arruti,José Maurício A. (Author)
Format:
Book, Edited
Language:
Portuguese
Publication Date:
2009
Published:
Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Heinrich Böll Stiftung : Actionaid
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
292 p., Contents: Evolução e contexto atual das políticas públicas no Brasil : educação, desigualdade e reconhecimento / Valter Roberto Silvério -- Limites e possibilidades da implementação da lei 10.639/03 no contexto das políticas públicas em educação / Nilma Lino Gomes -- Políticas públicas para quilombos : terra, saúde e educação / José Maurício Arruti -- Mulheres negras brasileiras e os resultados de Durban / Jurema Werneck -- Análise das principais políticas de inclusão de estudantes negros no ensino superior no Brasil no período 2001-2008 / Rosana Heringer e Renato Ferreira -- Direitos, cidadania e reparações pelos erros do passado escravista : perspectivas do movimento negro no Brasil / Francine Saillant -- Política negra e democracia no Brasil contemporâneo : reflexões sobre os movimentos negros / Marcio André de O. dos Santos -- Construção e desconstrução do silêncio : reflexões sobre o racismo e o antirracismo na sociedade brasileira / Átila Roque -- Negro drama / Silvia Ramos.
"A single highway connects the Caribbean province of Limón to mainstream society in the highlands of Costa Rica. This paper explores the ways in which that highway affects the status hierarchy of mainstream society in Costa Rica, and how the construction of whiteness as an unexamined racial qualifier for total social incorporation constrains the perception of blacks as social liminars and blackness as a state of communitas. The argument elaborates the work of Victor Turner on ritual liminality to suggest the structural ambiguity of Afro-Latin Americans in the context of Costa Rica." (author"
Hume,Yanique (Editor) and Kamugisha,Aaron (Editor)
Format:
Book, Whole
Language:
English; Some texts translated from French and Spanish.
Publication Date:
2013
Published:
Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
623 p., Places classic texts in Caribbean Cultural Thought in dialogue with contemporary interrogations and explorations of regional cultural politics and debates concerning identity and social change; colonialism; diaspora; aesthetics; religion and spirituality; gender and sexuality and nationalisms. The result is a reader that presents a distinctive Caribbean voice that emphasizes the long history of critical writings on culture and its intersection with political work in the Caribbean intellectual tradition from within the academy and beyond.
