New programme, "Shamba Shape-Up," explores typical problems encountered by smallholder families on the outskirts of Kenya's towns and cities, then brings in a crack team of experts to sort them out.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: C36163
Notes:
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/006/y4721e/y4721e00.pdf, Pages 209-220 in Bruce Girard (ed.), The one to watch: radio, new ICTs and interactivity, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. 243 pages. In collaboration with the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Geneva Office and Communication for Development Group, Extension, Education and Communication Service, Research, Extension and Training Division, Sustainable Development Department. 243 pages.
22 pages, Commercialisation of smallholder agriculture is important for rural economic growth. While previous studies have analysed effects of commercialisation on productivity and income, implications for farm household nutrition have received much less attention. We evaluate the effects of commercialisation on household food security and dietary quality with a special focus on calorie and micronutrient consumption. We also examine transmission channels by looking at the role of income, gender, and possible substitution effects between the consumption of own-produced and purchased foods. The analysis uses survey data from farm households in Kenya and a control function approach. Generalised propensity scores are employed to estimate continuous treatment effects. Commercialisation significantly improves food security and dietary quality in terms of calorie, zinc and iron consumption. For vitamin A, effects are insignificant. Commercialisation contributes to higher incomes and increased nutrients from purchased foods, but it does not reduce the consumption of nutrients from own-produced foods. Enhancing market access is important not only for rural economic growth, but also for making smallholder agriculture more nutrition-sensitive.
Melkote, Srinivas R. (author / Assistant Professor, Department of Radio-TV-Film, School of Mass Communication, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH)
Format:
Journal article
Publication Date:
1988
Published:
USA: Macomb, IL : Western Illinois University.
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 85 Document Number: C05538
Rees, David (author), Momanyi, Martha (author), Wekundah, Joseph (author), Ndungu, Felister (author), Odondi, Jacob (author), Oyure, A. O. (author), Andima, Dymphina (author), Mwaura, Lucy (author), and Joldersma, Rita (author)
Format:
Paper
Publication Date:
2000-07
Published:
Kenya: Agricultural Research and Extension Network, Overseas Development Institute
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 136 Document Number: C20788
Notes:
Burton Swanson Collection, pages 8-19, Network Paper no. 106b
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: C25317
Notes:
Pages 179-196 in Angelique Haugerud, M. Priscilla Stone and Peter D. Little (eds.), Commodities and globalization: anthropological perspectives. Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Lanham, Maryland. 249 pages.
Adolwa, Ivan S. (author), Okoth, Peter F. (author), Mulwa, Richard M. (author), Esilaba, Anthony O. (author), Mairura, Franklin S. (author), and Nambiro, Elizabeth (author)
Format:
Journal article abstract
Publication Date:
2012
Published:
Kenya
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 138 Document Number: D05669
Amudavi, David M. (author), Lawver, David E. (author), Udoto, M. (author), and Association for International Agricultural and Extension Education
Format:
Abstract
Publication Date:
2010-05
Published:
Kenya
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 185 Document Number: D00420
Notes:
Abstract of article in the proceedings of the 26th annual meeting of the Association for International Agricultural and Extension Education in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, May 16-19, 2010.
Freyer, B. (author), Kyalo, D. (author), Heese, D. (author), Bett, E. (author), Ngetich, K. (author), and Birech, R. (author)
Format:
Abstract
Publication Date:
2010-09-14
Published:
Kenya
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 178 Document Number: C30726
Notes:
Paper presented at Tropentag 2010, Conference on International Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development, Zurich, Switzerland, September 14-16, 2010. 1 page.
Sorensen, Donald M. (author), Spencer, William P. (author), and Spencer: Extension Economist and Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO; Sorensen: Professor of Economics, and Extension Specialist, Community Development, Department of Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
Format:
Journal article
Publication Date:
1982-07
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 86 Document Number: C05663
James F. Evans Collection; See C05662 for original, Any extension agent could improve program acceptance and learning by following the participant-centered learning principles described.
Hassan, R.M. (author), Karanja, D. (author), and Mulamula, L. (author)
Format:
Book chapter
Publication Date:
1998
Published:
Kenya
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: C19850
Notes:
Pages 175-188 in R.M. Hassan (ed.), Maize technology development and transfer: a GIS application for research planning in Kenya. CAB International, Wallingford, England. 230 pages.
Okello, Julius Juma (author), Okello, Ruth M. (author), and Ofwona-Adera, Edith (author)
Format:
Book chapter
Publication Date:
2010
Published:
Kenya
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: D02156
Notes:
Pages 1-18 in Blessing M. Maumbe (ed.), E-agriculture and e-government for global policy development: implications and future directions. Information Science Reference, Hershey, Pennsylvania. 321 pages.
Asaba, Jane Frances (author), Musebe, Richard (author), Kimani, Martin (author), Day, Roger (author), Nkonu, Michael (author), Mukhebi, Adrian (author), Wesonga, Albert (author), Mbula, Regina (author), Balaba, Peter (author), and Nakagwa, Alyce (author)
Format:
Paper
Publication Date:
2006-05-21
Published:
International
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 151 Document Number: C24477
Notes:
Retrieved July 5, 2006, Conference sponsored by the International Association for Agricultural Information Specialists (IAALD) in Nairobi, Kenya, May 21-26, 2006. Via Livelihoods Connect. 13 pages., Conference theme: "Managing agricultural information for sustainable food security and improved livelihoods in Africa."
15 pages, Generalized trust, which refers to trust towards people that are not well known (Yamagishi and Yamagishi, 1994; Stolle, 2002; Uslaner, 2002; Freitag and Traunmüller, 2009), is needed for many situations of economic interaction such as daily market activities. Considering that trust acts as a lubricant for social interaction, a lack of generalized trust can severely restrict a persons reach of efficient economic exchange. Increases of generalized trust within a society thus have the potential to create large efficiency gains (Fafchamps and Minten, 2002; Fafchamps, 2006).
Given the importance of trust for social interaction and various welfare dimensions, a growing body of economic, sociological, and psychological research has been devoted to examining the circumstances under which trust can thrive. A reoccurring notion in all three disciplines is that communication represents a key factor in the formation of trust (Lewicki et al., 2006; Glanville and Paxton, 2007). Ostrom et al. (1992), for example, find that communication and sanctioning in a common pool resource experiment lead to substantially more efficient outcomes. In a laboratory setting, personal communication has shown to enhance trust (Buchan et al., 2006), and is even more powerful in creating mutually benefitting exchanges than the possibility to engage in non-binding contracts (Ben-Ner and Putterman, 2009).
In this paper, we analyze whether mobile phones which constitute a fundamental component of modern information and communications technologies (ICT) can help build social trust among pastoral communities in Northern Kenya.1 In most African countries, trust levels are remarkably low; out of all regions in the world, people living in sub-Sahara Africa exhibit the lowest levels of generalized trust (Mattes and Moreno, 2018). In the study region of Northern Kenya, it is particularly relevant to increase trust for several reasons. First, the relatively weak legal system jeopardizes contract enforcement, which means that any economic interaction requires substantial amounts of trust between the contract partners. This has caused a strong reliance on trust-based relationships in Northern Kenyas livestock sector (Mahmoud, 2008; Pavanello, 2010; Roba et al., 2018). Furthermore, low trust levels between ethnic tribes have also reinforced longstanding intertribal conflicts in the region, and impede solutions to share resources peacefully and effectively (Schilling et al., 2012). Lastly, the low population density and long physical distances between settlements in the region make communication over long distances difficult and therefore induce high monitoring costs. Potential benefits of enhancing trust are therefore particularly high in the context of Northern Kenya.
To compensate for physical remoteness, rural communities have a high need for digital connectivity but have oftentimes suffered from poor connection and inclusion in existing networks in the past (Salemink et al., 2017). Over the last decade, however, mobile phones have become available to most pastoralists in Northern Kenya (Butt, 2015; Asaka and Smucker, 2016; Parlasca et al., 2020). A large and growing body of research has pointed out that mobile phones can help increase several paramount welfare dimensions of rural populations in sub-Saharan Africa, such as income and income equality, financial development, gender equality, or institutional quality (Aker and Mbiti, 2010; Asongu, 2015; Asongu and Nwachukwu, 2016; Rotondi et al., 2020). However, the research on the implications of mobile phones on social capital formation is much less extensive. To the best of our knowledge, the potential of mobile phones to affect trust is so far solely based on qualitative or anecdotal evidence (Molony, 2006, 2009; Overå, 2006) and lacks quantitative assessments. This paper aims to close this gap.
In this study, we elicit trust levels with an incentivized experiment, namely the canonical trust game by Berg et al. (1995). Experimental sessions were conducted from July 2018 to August 2018 in 17 different villages in Turkana County, Northern Kenya, and included a total of 402 respondents. We differentiate with regard to the object of trust by measuring trust towards fellow villagers, trust towards people from a neighboring village, and trust towards city dwellers from the county capital. Past research in rural sub-Saharan Africa indicates that smallholder farmers exhibit less trust towards people from different villages (Etang, 2010; Etang et al., 2011) or people from the next larger city (Parlasca et al., 2019). The differentiation of the object of trust therefore allows investigating heterogeneous effects of mobile phone use on trust depending on the physical distance between trustor and trustee.
This research adds add to the existing literature in several ways: to the extent of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the direct link between mobile phone use and trust using quantitative household data from a low-income country. Thus far, no study has analyzed the role of geographical distance in the relationship between mobile phone use and trust. Lastly, this analysis contributes to the extremely sparse literature on trust in the context of pastoralist communities in sub-Saharan Africa.
The remainder of the study is organized as follows. Section 2 lays out the conceptual framework that guides the analysis. The data are explained in section 3 and the empirical framework is presented in section 4. The results are discussed section 5, followed by concluding remarks in section 6.
Francis, Paul (author) and Amuyunzu-Nyamongo, Mary (author)
Format:
Book chapter
Publication Date:
2006
Published:
Kenya
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: C37119
Notes:
See C37118 for original, Pages 219-244 in Ian Bannon and Maria C.Correia (eds.), The other half of gender: men's issues in development. World Bank, Washington, D.C. 311 pages.
DeWeese, June L. (author), Esslinger, Donald L. (author), McCorkle, Constance M. (author), and McCorkle: Research Assistant Professor, Department of Rural Sociology, University of Missouri, Columbia; Esslinger: Professor and Interim Director, Extension Information and Agricultural Editor, University of Missouri, Columbia; DeWeese: Social Science Librarian, University of Missouri, Columbia
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1988
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 74 Document Number: C03706
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, Mimeographed, 1988. 28 p. Paper presented to the Global Information/Communication Session of the 1988 Farming Systems Research and Extension Symposium; 1988 October 9-12; University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
Feek, Warren (author), Morry, Chris (author), and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Format:
Book
Publication Date:
2003
Published:
International
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 189 Document Number: D02032
Notes:
Printed part of this document extends only through the introduction., Prepared by The Communication Initiative in collaboration with the Communication for Development Group. Extension, Education and Communication Service - Research, Extension and Training Division - Sustainable Development Department. 23 pages.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: C14101
Notes:
Pages 73-83 in Kwame Boafo and Nancy George (eds.), Communication processes: alternative channels and strategies for development support, IDRC-MR274e, International Development Research Centre, Canada. 1991. 97 pp. Selected papers prepared for a seminar held in Nairobi, Kenya, November 14-16, 1990.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 186 Document Number: D00713
Notes:
PowerPoint presentation at"New perspectives on rural extension," U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington,D.C., March 29, 2011. Parts 1 (4 pages), 2 (3 pages) and 3 (2 pages).
