An essay is presented on the relationship between black U.S. feminist literature celebrating author Zora Neale Hurston and U.S.-Caribbean cultural linkages, and the U.S. invasion of the Caribbean during the 1980s. According to the author, black feminists' attempts to reclaim the Caribbean through Hurston contributed to a neoliberal vision of the Caribbean which excluded Grenadian revolutionaries. Grenadian government debt and depictions of the Caribbean in popular culture are discussed.
-, Interviews social psychologist and feminist Norma Guillard. She discusses her political, socio-cultural activism and academic research on Black lesbians in Cuba. Guillard cites feminists Margaret Randall, Alice Walker and Angela Davis as women who influenced her. Describes an important Cuban movement involving Afro-Cuban militants.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
226 p., Argues that a repeated engagement with the Caribbean’s iconic and historic touchstones offers a new sense of (inter)national belonging that brings an alternative and dynamic vision to the gendered legacy of brutality against black bodies, flesh, and bone. Using a distinctive methodology she calls "feminist rehearsal" to chart the Caribbean’s multiple and contradictory accounts of historical events, the author highlights the gendered and emergent connections between art, history, and belonging.
In 1815, two benevolent organizations commenced operation in Antigua, the Female Refuge Society based in English Harbour and the Distressed Females' Friend Society based in St John's. The organizations were run on principle by women and the executive committees were multi-racial. The annual reports of the Female Refuge Society had a profound impact on the direction "of female anti-slavery activism in Britain.
Caribbean women writers such as Erna Brodber and Opal Palmer Adisa often include men in women's liberatory quests as participants. The close connection between sexuality and emotions in this body of writing can be read through a new model of affective feminist reader theory. Women's sexual healing processes in the novels discussed in this article are not solely gynocentric in the Caribbean context: men are often active participants in these processes, and thus also in gender reconfigurations.
Offers close readings of three texts that foreground the problems, possibilities and struggle involved in forging affective connections across difference between women: Kate Clanchy,What is She Doing Here?, 2008, Jamaica Kincaid,Lucy, 1991a and Marlene Van Niekerk, ‘Labour’, 2004. Argues that the incomplete and partial nature of affective moments represented in these texts signals possibilities for a cautiously redefined idea of affective feminist solidarity as it is mobilized in the intimacy of domestic spaces.
494 p., Analyzes representational problems of black resistance and solidarity in the neoliberal age focusing on transnational black female protagonists in works by Paule Marshall, Jamaica Kincaid, and Michelle Cliff. Considers how they are imagined to resist and assist U.S.-Caribbean relations of trade, labor, and development.
Discusses perspectives in Africana feminist thought. While, not an exhaustive review of the entire diaspora, three regions are discussed: Africa, North America, and the Caribbean.
Condé and Schwarz-Bart searched to explore the themes of alienation as Martinicans living in a European French society and the search for an identity that typifies the quintessential Caribbean patriarchal culture. The evolution in consciousness of the female and how she sees herself as part of the diasporic dilemma confronting Caribbean society is marked by the almost limited early works by women authors. As women found their voices and led the way for other women, a natural empowerment ensued with new loyalties as generations transcended the effects of colonialism, indentureship, and slavery.
Authors conducted a thematic analysis of 650 photographs of Haitian women in the Associated Press Photo Archive in the years 1994–2009. Emphasizes the impact of these images on the identity of Haitian women and Women of Color, as well as on the attitudes and behaviors of media consumers toward these groups.
Reviews the book "Women's Activism in Latin America and the Caribbean: Engendering Social Justice, Democratizing Citizenship," edited by Elizabeth Maier and Nathalie Lebon.
Investigates the interface between gender, color/race and public health in Brazil, focusing on the importance of reproductive health for the formation of a black feminism in the country, between the years 1975 to 1993.
448 p., This applied anthropology study, guided by a feminist perspective and in particular, Black Feminist Thought is an outgrowth of an evaluation study of the Partnership for Peace Program (PFP) in Grenada, West Indies. The PFP is a Caribbean-specific model that was built into a sixteen-week cycle program by the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women (UNWomen). Since 2005, the PFP has been geared towards Grenadian men, who have used violence against women to express their masculine identities. PFP focuses exclusively on rehabilitating male perpetrators with a goal to protect the human rights of women. This research evaluated the PFP program, using qualitative and quantitative methods to measure the program's impact based on the behavioral changes that male participants adopted to avoid violence against women.
Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
516 p., Explores the theme of power to expose the disruptions and dangers lurking in Caribbean discourses on gender and love when these are approached from interrogating the currencies of power continuously circulating in their operations. The chapters are grounded in the complex realities of the contemporary Caribbean even as they challenge canonical thought. The authors simultaneously critique and create knowledge about the lives of women and men within the Caribbean and its diaspora.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
212 p., This dissertation project aims to contribute to the current scholarship on transnational black feminisms. The project adds to the refining of nuanced theoretical approaches to specific experiences of black women. The author engages in close readings of four black women writers, Michelle Cliff, Joan Riley, Gayl Jones and Audre Lorde, as well as writings from two Black British collectives, the Organisation of Women of Asian and African Decent (OWAAD), and the Outwrite collective, distributers of Outwrite a Women's Newspaper. The readings result in several tropes within black women's discourse of this period, which include belonging and unbelonging, visitation and dismemberment, and living affectivity. The writings and conscious articulations are critical for locating transnational black feminist discourse as a distinct area of theoretical inquiry.
For almost twenty years, Latin American and Caribbean "autonomous feminism", a small yet active movement, provokes debates and proposes important analysis which renew and deepen those proposed by dominant feminism. This movement, in which some indigenous and afrodescendant lesbian feminists play a very significant role, stems from a criticism of international institutions's role in the domestication of feminism (and especially the United Nations).
Presents the Antigua Declaration of the feminist and women's organizations in Latin America and the Caribbean adopted at the closing of their 2010 meeting in Antigua, Guatemala. Highlights concern by women's groups in the region regarding the slow implementation of the agreements in the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo, Egypt.
Considers the meaning of feminism in Latin America and the Caribbean. According to the Methodological and Thematic Commission of the 12th Latin American and Caribbean Feminist Meeting, the event presents an opportunity to explore the routes that will enable feminism to move forward. Decribes feminism in the Latin American and Caribbean regions as plural and diverse.
Considers the extent to which feminism and gender studies courses adequately explore diverse erotic desires in the Caribbean region. It offers a comparative investigation of questionnaire responses from Black female undergraduate students in England and Jamaica to assess the connections between their perceptions about sexual differences.
Reads Carnival-related performances in relationship to the colonial and national histories of the circulation of Indian and black women's bodies in Trinidad and Tobago, asking what is at stake in these occupations of genre, form, and performative presence in the latest global scenes of late capitalism (where image and sound, as cultural productions, are always in circulation beyond the scope of the nation, and their own "original" referents).
Reviews the book, Race, gender and educational desire: Why black women succeed and fail by Heidi Safia Mirza (2009). The author looks to understand and unpack the complex intersectionalities that mark contemporary black British feminism, teasing out their particular implications for education and educational debates today.
Analyzes the prominent role played by first wave feminism and by women writers between 1898-1903 as the Jamaica Times articulated a broad-based, middle class nationalism and launched a campaign to establish a Jamaican national literature. This archival material is significant because it suggests a significant modification of anglophone Caribbean feminist, literary and nationalist historiography: first wave feminism was not introduced to Jamaica exclusively through black nationalist organizations in the late 19th and early 20th century, but emerged in a broader phenomenon of respectable, middle class nationalism encompassing Jamaican nationalism and Pan Africanism.
Maier,Elizabeth (Author) and Lebon,Nathalie (Author)
Format:
Book, Whole
Publication Date:
2010
Published:
New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
375 p, Contributors explore the emergence of the area’s feminist movement, dictatorships of the 1970s, the Central American uprisings, the urban, grassroots organizing for better living conditions, and finally, the turn toward public policy and formal political involvement and the alternative globalization movement. Includes Helen Safa's "Female-headed households and poverty in Latin America : a comparison of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Dominican Republic ";
268 p., This study used a Black feminist critical framework to examine the conditions that influence the production of black women's fiction during the postwar era (1945-60). The novels of Ann Petry, Dorothy West and Paule Marshall were studied as artifacts that were shaped by the cultural and political climate of this crucial period in American history. A survey was also conducted of their associations with members and organizations in the American Left to determine what impact their social activism had on their lives and art. It was determined that these writers' political engagement played a significant role in the creation of transformative narratives about the power of black women to resist oppression in all of its forms. As a consequence of their contribution to a rich black feminist literary tradition, these postwar black women fiction writers serve as important foremothers to later generations of black women artists.
242 p., As a feminist approach which takes into consideration how gender collides with race, national origin, and class in the context of neo-colonial imperialisms, transnational feminist studies attempt to bridge the gap left by these theories that either look at gender or at race. This dissertation examines the work of Dionne Brand, Marlene Nourbese Philip, and Makeda Silvera in the light of these recent transnational feminist developments. By insisting on a fluid and multiply positioned self, these writers enact a transnational feminist identity that repudiates simplistic notions of gender oppression at the same time as it challenges masculinist notions of home.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
213 p., Reveals the emotional and social consequences of gendered difference and racial division as experienced by black and ethnicised women, teachers and students in schools and universities, taking the topic in new, challenging directions.
Borneman praises Evelyn Blackwood for using ethnographic evidence from Indonesia and the Caribbean to enter into debates on matrifocality and marriage. Borenman is less convinced, however, about the significance or her general advocacy claim about gender
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
410 p, Contents: Erotic autonomy as a politics of decolonization : feminism, tourism, and the state in the Bahamas -- Imperial desire/sexual utopia : white gay capital and transnational tourism -- Whose new world order? : teaching for justice -- Anatomy of a mobilization -- Transnationalism, sexuality, and the state : modernity's traditions at the height of empire -- Remembering This bridge called my back, remembering ourselves -- Pedagogies of the sacred : making the invisible tangible
Discusses the poem, Mujer negra (1975), by Caribbean writer Nancy Morejón. Focuses on how the poem departs from the traditional aesthetic and sexual discourses which lead to the mythification and marginalization of black women. Highlights the methods by which the black female persona subverts these established discourses and creates a counter-discourse to re-define herself and her New World experience. Details the ideological underpinnings involved in this process.;
The rendering blacker of the Brazilian feminist movement has effectively signified the demarcation and institution within the agenda of the women's movement of the importance which the racial issue has, for example, for the following: the configuration of demographic policies; the characterisation of violence against women - introducing the concept of racial violence as a determining factor of the forms of violence suffered by half of the country's feminine population which is non-white; the introduction of ethnic/racial diseases or diseases that mainly afflict the black population, as fundamental issues in the formulation of public policies in the area of health; and the inclusion in the criticism of the selection mechanisms in the labour market the concept of "good appearance" as an element that perpetuates the inequalities between, and privileges of, white and black women.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
169 p, "Provides a compelling feminist analysis of gender politics in the works of four major Africana women writers: Toni Morrison, Michelle Cliff, Assia Djebar, and Paule Marshall." (Amazon.com)
Mohammed,Patricia (Editor) and Shepherd,Catherine (Editor)
Format:
Book, Edited
Publication Date:
1999
Published:
Kingston, Jamaica: Canoe Press
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
360 p, Contents: I. WOMEN'S STUDIES: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS -- II. GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT: MODELS AND THEORIES -- III. FEMINISM: HISTORICAL AND CONCEPTUAL -- IV. DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES -- V. IDEOLOGY AND CULTURE -- VI. WOMEN'S LITERATURE AND LITERARY CRITICISM -- VII. ALTERNATIVE METHODOLOGY -- VIII. WOMEN'S ORGANIZATIONS AND WOMEN WHO ORGANIZE.
Examines the role of abolitionist and feminist ideals in Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda's novel Sab. Highlights the power and gender relations in Sab, suggesting that previous interpretations of the novel have not addressed the role of these relations as a function of race relations in the slave colony of Cuba. Discusses the themes of interracial relationships and personal identity.;
Attempts to develop an indigenous reading of feminism as both activism and discourse in the Caribbean. Draws on the ideas emerging in contemporary western feminist debates pertaining to sexual difference and equality and searches for a Caribbean feminist voice which defines feminism and feminist theory in the region, not as a linear narrative but one which has continually intersected with the politics of identity in the region.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
196 p, Includes chapters "Of mangoes and maroons : language, history, and the multicultural subject of Michelle Cliff's Abeng," "Toward a new antillean humanism: Maryse Condé's Traversée de la mangrove," "Inscriptions of exile: the body's knowledge and the myth of authenticity in Myriam Warner-Vieyra and Suzanne Dracius-Pinalie," and "Geographies of pain: captive bodies and violent acts in Myriam Warner-Vieyra, Gayl Jones, and Bessie Head"
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
346 p., Ranging from the time of slavery and indentureship, to national independence in 1962 and the present day, this book shows how gender inequalities have been perpetuated for the benefit of exploitative systems from slavery to the present day. The book explores women's roles and activities both in colonial ideology and in reality.
