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2. Haitian history not many of us know (Part II)
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Calloway,Al (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- Feb 19-Feb 25, 2010
- Published:
- Coral Springs, FL
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- South Florida Times
- Journal Title Details:
- 8 : 4A
- Notes:
- First, the two armies all but destroyed the French plantocracy on the island then they defeated a Spanish force and huge English and French armies. In Adam Hochchild's book Bury the Chains, we learn that then-U. S. President George Washington and then-Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, both slave owners, sent "a thousand muskets, other military supplies, and eventually some $400,000" of U. S. aid to quell the revolt now known as "the Haitian Revolution." Randall Robinson reveals more in his book, An Unbroken Agony: "Some . . . had been brought to Haiti [St. Domingue] from other Caribbean slave colonies men like the storied Boukman from Jamaica and the legendary Makandal from Trinidad, and the great general, Henri Christophe, who was born in Grenada." Blacks who escaped plantations in the United States also joined L'Ouverture's armies. Robinson reports that L'Ouverture had been the intellectual, "the African humanist, the military strategist, the administrator and, not insignificantly, the conciliator." Robinson also writes that [Jean-Jacques Dessalines] "had been, first and last, the hard-nosed soldier who believed that an enemy as manifestly unsalvageable as the French had to be, wherever possible, obliterated."
3. The Shame of the Nation": the Force of Re-Enslavement and the Law of "Slavery" Under the Regime of Jean-Louis Ferrand in Santo Domingo, 1804-1809
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Nessler,Graham (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2012-03
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- NWIG: New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids
- Journal Title Details:
- 86(1) : 5-28
- Notes:
- The article discusses the history of Santo Domingo (which was renamed the Dominican Republic) under the French General Jean-Louis Ferrand from 1804 through 1809. Particular focus is given to Ferrand's efforts, under the direction of the French Emperor Napoleon I, to re-enslave Santo Domingo and overthrow Haiti's ruler Toussaint Louverture. An overview of the slavery laws in Santo Domingo is provided. Ferrand's use of black Haitian captives as slaves, including the Haitians captured by the French who lived near the border with Santo Domingo, is provided.
4. Why Haiti is called a "predatory democracy"
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Calloway,Al (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- Feb 26-Mar 4, 2010
- Published:
- Coral Springs, FL
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- South Florida Times
- Journal Title Details:
- 9 : 4A
- Notes:
- After [Jean-Jacques Dessalines]' death, [Henri Christophe] assumed leadership of Haiti, but the mulatto minority South set up its own republic under Pétion. Christophe committed suicide in 1820 amid an uprising over his forced labor policies. Pétion's successor, JeanPierre Boyer, reformed the two republics into one Haiti. Boyer ruled until his government collapsed in 1843 due to political rivalry. Until 1915, only two of the 21 governments since 1843 were not dismantled by coups d'états or political in-fighting. Except for agreement on the abolition of slavery, the state and nation were headed in opposite or different directions before the L'Ouverture adherents took over in 1804. The literature on Haiti, from Trinidadian C. L. R. James' classic book The Black Jacobins, to TransAfrica founder Randall Robinson's An Unbroken Agony, all tell the awful consequences of the "color curtain" in claustrophobic Haiti.