This article explores the "elitist profile" of racial discrimination through eighty in-depth interviews with black professionals in Rio de Janeiro. The results show that interviewees describe their trajectories of social mobility through mechanisms that involve both socioeconomic and racial exclusion. Their perceptions of injustice, however, are more directly related to experiences of racial discrimination.
"A comparative perspective of the tourism industry in the islands of Colón, Panama and Carriacou, Grenada is presented in this article. The islands have long histories of association with colonial powers, coupled with more recent histories of 'discovery' as tourist destinations. The historical constructions of 'paradise islands' and the appropriation of tourism for nation-building purposes in these territories are analysed. The discussion assesses the underlying reasons for the differing responses by African Caribbean populations toward tourism development, in spite of similar colonial and postcolonial histories." --The Author
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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317 p., Includes descriptive ethnographies of Haitians in 19th century Jamaica, eastern Cuba, Detroit, the Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Paris, and Boston, and innovative scholarly work on non-geographic sites of Haitian community building.
Black Caribbean, black African, white other, and mixed ethnicity young men were most likely to report high-risk sexual behaviors, that is, sexual debut at the age of ≤13 years, having unprotected sex, and having multiple sexual partners. There were marked variations within groups commonly collapsed as “black” or as “Muslim.” Black Caribbean and black African young adults reported high rates of protective behaviors in addition to risk behaviors.
Journal Article, This study utilized qualitative inquiry to investigate the role of ethnic-racial socialization messages on ethnic and racial identity development among second-generation Haitians. The data were reviewed for emergent themes, as well as themes present in the ethnic-racial socialization and identity literature. Participants reported receiving positive messages (i.e., Cultural Socialization, Mainstream Socialization, and Preparation for Bias messages) directed at their ethnic groups in the home context and negative messages (i.e., Promotion of Mistrust and discriminatory messages) about their racial group in the home, peer, and societal contexts.
"Black in Latin America" (NYU Press), by Henry Louis Gates, Jr.: This spring, Henry Louis Gates, Jr. produced a four-episode series for PBS tracing the legacy of the slave trade in six Caribbean and Latin American countries. "Black in Latin America" is the book companion to the television series of the same title.
The article reviews several books including "Black Puerto Rican Identity and Religious Experience," by Samiri Hernández-Hiraldo, "Religion and the Politics of Ethnic Identity in Bahia, Brazil," by Stephen Selka, and "Conversion of a Continent: Contemporary Religious Change in Latin America," edited by Timothy J. Steigenga and Edward L. Cleary.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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340 p., Sailing the tide of a tumultuous era of Atlantic revolutions, a remarkable group of African-born and African-descended individuals transformed themselves from slaves into active agents of their lives and times. Reconstructs the lives of unique individuals who managed to move purposefully through French, Spanish, and English colonies, and through Indian territory, in the unstable century between 1750 and 1850. Mobile and adaptive, they shifted allegiances and identities depending on which political leader or program offered the greatest possibility for freedom.
Examines the relationship between the "form" (i.e., conventions, organization, and style/voice) and "content" (i.e., specific knowledge and understanding of science) of expository science writing among third grade ELL students in the beginning and at the end of each year during the three-year implementation of the intervention. The study involved 683 third graders during the first year, 661 third graders during the second year, and 676 third graders during the third year. Approximately half of the students were Hispanic and the other half were Black, including Haitians and Caribbean Islanders.
Afro-descendant civil society organizations in Latin America have pursued an important strand of advocacy on reforming national censuses. The aim has been to increase the visibility of Afro-descendant populations through disaggregated data and thus to improve recognition of their distinct identity. Brazil is leading the way on such data collection while other countries are taking first steps, like Argentina and Chile.
Special journal issue: Communicating Pan-Africanism: Caribbean leadership and global impact, While kinship and political structures could not be transferred from Africa to the Caribbean under the conditions of forced migration, kinetic expressiveness, artistic skills and mental epistemologies were retained. These retentions covered domains such as religious ideas, musical instrumentation and morphology, dance choreography, culinary forms, hair and dress aesthetics, language syntax, economic activity and cooperation.
The Weekly Gleaner understands that Scotland-based winger Chris Humphrey has been called up by the Jamaica Football Federation (JFF) for their three-week camp in Brazil, ahead of this summer's CONCACAF Gold Cup in the United States. "Even though I also qualify for Scotland, Jamaica was the first to pursue me and I am looking forward to linking up with the squad," Humphrey added, before pointing out that he is, however, focused on his upcoming clash with Celtic in the Scottish Cup final. Humphrey moved to Walsall at the age of five, and was at Walsall's Centre of Excellence, until later joining West Bromwich Albion.
"One of the initiatives that the JFF has embarked on is getting exposure for our Premier League coaches. We got in touch with our Brazilian friends and so an arrangement was made where all 12 Premier League coaches for next season will be sent to Brazil between June 29 and July 12," JFF president, Captain Horace Burrell announced on Thursday night. May 19, at the 2010-11 Digicel Premier League awards ceremony, at the Courtleigh Auditorium in New Kingston.
Examines the history of a genre that spans several continents and several centuries. Material from Mexico, Cuba, France, and Great Britain are brought together to create anew, expand upon, and critique the standard histories of danzón narrated by Mexico's danzón experts and others. In these standard histories, origins and nationality are key to the constitution of genres that are racialized and moralized for political ends. Danzón, its antecedents, and successors are treated as generic equivalents despite being quite different. From the danzón on, these genres are positioned as being the products of individual, male originators and their nations. Africa is treated as a conceptual nation, and Africanness as something extra that racializes hegemonic European music-dance forms. Political leanings and strategies determine whether these music-dance forms are interpreted, adopted, or co-opted as being 'black' or 'white'.
Examines the royalist forces that rose in defense of the colonial order in the southwestern region of New Granada, Colombia, a royalist stronghold where slaves and local Indians united with Spanish forces to fight against independence armies. Enslaved blacks and Indians were perceived by royalist elites as valuable allies, and for that reason elites were willing to negotiate and offer concessions to secure their loyalty.
Considers the extent to which feminism and gender studies courses adequately explore diverse erotic desires in the Caribbean region. It offers a comparative investigation of questionnaire responses from Black female undergraduate students in England and Jamaica to assess the connections between their perceptions about sexual differences.
The article discusses the history of philosophy in the Caribbean. Particular focus is given to the philosophies of the peoples who lived and worked on sugar cane plantations, also called the canepiece. These include the Taíno people, enslaved Africans, indentured Indian and Chinese workers, and their descendants. Details related to Taíno ontology, the roles of slavery and liberty in Afro-Caribbean philosophy, and the role of labor in Indo-Caribbean philosophy are presented. Other topics include genocide, social harmony, and the relationship between the Enlightenment and colonialism.
Francis Humberston Mackenzie of Seaforth (1754-1815) was a Highland proprietor in what has become known as 'The First Phase of Clearance', was governor of Barbados (1801-6) in the sensitive period immediately before the abolition of the British slave trade and was himself a plantation owner in Berbice (Guiana). It is suggested that his concern for his Highland small tenants was paralleled by his ambition in Barbados to make the killing of a slave by a white a capital offence, by his attempts to give free coloureds the right to testify against whites and by his aim to provide good conditions for his own enslaved labourers in Berbice.
"Colin Powell, Cicely Tyson, Malcolm X, Sir Sidney Poitier, David Patterson, Alexander Hamilton and Jean Baptiste DuSable are all part of a great history that spans generations of men and women whose roots can be found in the Caribbean," he said. "Many of our students share that same heritage. And we are connected to them as well, from the curry in their food to the courage in their souls."
As Angola restructures following a long civil war and Brazil takes a leading role among the rapidly developing BRIC nations, new questions arise pertaining to the African heritage in Brazilian music and to Brazil's role in Angolan cultural initiatives and musical markets. Through examination of Brazilian discourse about such exchanges, combined with a comparative analysis of three versions of Angolan musician Teta Lando's 1974 song, Angolano segue em frente—the original, a recent Brazilian re-recording, and a Brazilian remix—new attention is given to the South-South dialogue that builds on historical connections yet also establishes new resonances in musical evocations of Atlantic affinities.
Special journal issue., 118 p., Contents: Introduction / Elisabeth Mudimbe-Boyi -- H(h)istoire et (inter)subjectivité dans les romans de V.Y. Mudimbe / Kasereka Kavwahirehi -- L'histoire et le roman par surprise dans Mes hommes à moi de Ken Bugul / Justin Bisanswa -- La liberté littéraire: Assia Djebr entre roman et histoire / Nicholas Harrison -- Palimpseste et métafiction historiographique: une lecture d'Un dimanche au cachot de Patrick Chamoiseau / Bernadette Cailler -- Durables par-delà leur éphémère sarclage: discontinuité historique et perennité dans Le quatrième siècle d'Édouard Glissant / Samia Kassab-Charfi -- Aux Etats-Unis d'Afrique de Abdourahman Waberi: narration dialogique ou dialectique? / Anjali Prabhu -- Comment parler du génocide? Comment ne pas en parler?: Murambi, le livre des ossements de Boubacar Boris Diop / Mildred Mortimer -- Histoire et création littéraire: je suis ne quant j'avais 16 an le 8 Mai 1945 / Amina Azza Bekkat -- Francis Goyet, Les audaces de la prudence: littérature et politique aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles / Ullrich Langer.
Existing knowledge of supplementary education, that is education organized and run by political, faith or ethnic groups outside of formal schooling, is patchy. This article is an exploration of the histories of supplementary education in the 20th century. Presents some new historical evidence concerning African Caribbean and Irish supplementary education.
The incidence of prostate cancer among African-Caribbean men in the UK is three times that among men from the majority population. This qualitative study is the first such investigation, situating men’s accounts within the context of their personal history and social environment. 16 first generation African-Caribbean men living in Central England were recruited.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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317 p., While a great deal of postcolonial criticism has examined how the processes of hybridity, mestizaje, creolization, and syncretism impact African diasporic literature, Oakley employs the heuristic of the "commonplace" to recast our sense of the politics of such literature. Her analysis of commonplace poetics reveals that postcolonial poetic and political moods and aspirations are far more complex than has been admitted. African Atlantic writers summon the utopian potential of Romanticism, which had been stricken by Anglo-European exclusiveness and racial entitlement, and project it as an attain.
Explores the effects of kin, social network and the neighborhood on an individual’s well-being. Explores the attitudes and experiences of African-Caribbean adolescents and their families in the north of England towards healthy lifestyles. 10 African-Caribbean households units comprising 24 adolescents (12–18 years of age) and 18 adults (22–60 years of age) participated in the study with interviews conducted in their homes.
Looks at Abraham Lincoln's pursuit of colonization in the Chiriquí region of Colombia (now Panamá), conventionally known as one of just two places that he seriously considered with respect to his policy of relocating African Americans. Challenging the standard account of the scheme's demise around October 1862 due to vehement Central American protest, this piece questions whether such a development really took the president by surprise.
We investigate the pattern of earnings disparity across Canadian-born ethnic groups in Canada over three census years, 1996, 2001, and 2006. This extends "Colour My World" by 10 years (Pendakur and Pendakur 2002). We find that the earnings gaps faced by Canadian-born visible minorities have not eroded since the 1990s. This is somewhat surprising given that the size of this population has radically increased over the last 20 years. Other patterns observed in the 1990s, such as the relatively poor earnings outcomes of South Asians and Blacks, particularly in Montreal and Toronto, are still evident into the 2000s. An exception to the "bad news" outlook is that persons of Caribbean origin have seen substantial convergence in their earnings relative to majority workers. Adapted from the source document.
The article analyzes Jamaican education policies formed by Jamaican Prime Minister Michael Manley and his government. The author is mainly interested in assessing the influence of Manley's notion of equality on his educational reforms for Jamaica's poor black citizens. Manley's understanding of equality is explained, which was largely influenced by a commitment to black pride and social justice. The educational standards and curricula developed by the Jamaican government are then detailed, with emphasis given to vocational programs and content dealing with Jamaicans' African heritage. The author concludes by evaluating the government's stance on educating Rastafarians.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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194 p., Includes Marie-José Nzengou-Tayo's "Prejuicios acerca de la independencia haitiana : viento negro, Bosque del Caiman de Carlos Esteban Deive," Silvia Valero's "De 'negros' y 'mulatos' en la literatura cubana contemporánea : Elíseo Altunaga, Marta Rojas y la re-escritura de la historia," and Felix Ayoh'Omidire's "La identidad frente al poder : la asimetría ritual de Yemayá en Africa y América Latina."
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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Examines aspects related to the plural constitution of Afro-descendants informed by black discursiveness in Salvador, Bahia. This discursiveness is strongly marked by the role of black music and by the history of Afro-descendant Carnaval. This essay shows that these subjects are a product of modernization and operate in it, while giving it a specific configuration. Social agents as 'reflexive audience' play a decisive role in the review and criticism of such modernity, pluralizing it and pushing the boundaries of democracy and of representation politics, in their demand for recognition and changes. Music, as discursive production and as sociability experience, plays a key part in this process.
Rogers,Robert Athlyi (Author) and Afro Athlican Constructive Church (Author)
Format:
Book, Whole
Publication Date:
2011
Published:
Northhampton: White Crane Pub
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
Originally published 1924-1928., 87 p., A proto-Rastafari text written by an Anguillan, Robert Athlyi Rogers (d. 1931), for the use of an Afrocentric religion in the Caribbean founded by Rogers in the 1920s, known as the Afro-Athlican Constructive Gaathly. The Church saw Ethiopians (in the Biblical sense of Black Africans) as the chosen people of God, and proclaimed Marcus Garvey, the prominent Black Nationalist, an apostle. The church preached self-reliance and self-determination for Africans.
Berkeley: University of California Press Berkeley, CA, U.S.A
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
Examines the role music has played in the formation of the political and national identity of the Bahamas. It analyzes Bahamian musical life as it has been influenced and shaped by the islands’ location between the United States and the rest of the Caribbean; tourism; and Bahamian colonial and postcolonial history. Focusing on popular music in the second half of the twentieth and early 21st c., in particular rake-n-scrape and Junkanoo, the author finds a Bahamian music that has remained culturally rooted in the local even as it has undergone major transformations. Highlighting the ways entertainers have represented themselves to Bahamians and to tourists, he illustrates the shifting terrain that musicians navigated during the rapid growth of tourism and in the aftermath of independence.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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273 p., By looking at this history from the vantage point of black America and the Caribbean, a more complex story comes into focus, one largely missing from traditional narratives of baseball's history. Raceball unveils a fresh and stunning truth: baseball has never been stronger as a business, never weaker as a game.
The article presents and analyzes the talk given by scientist Joao Baptista de Lacerda at the First Universal Races Congress, held in London in 1911 and financed by England and other participating nations (France, Belgium, Italy, Persia, Turkey, Egypt, Japan, South Africa, Hungary, Russia, Haiti, Sierra Leone, and Brazil). Governmental and church authorities, professors, members of The Hague's Permanent Court of Arbitration and Second Conference, plus a representative of each invited country were in attendance. Brazil, the only Latin American nation invited, was seen as an example of the mixing of the races, and Lacerda argued that immigration policies would lead to the whitening of mestizos and the extinction of the "black race" in Brazil. The country thus occupied a unique position in the Americas, standing apart from the segregationist model of the United States and from South America's tyrannies.
This paper arises from the conceptual framework underpinning a research study focusing on black Caribbean men’s sexual decisions and health behaviour. In investigating these issues the notion of ‘screaming silences’ was developed to unite the theoretical and philosophical approaches that underpinned the research, the experiences of the researcher and participants involved. ‘Screaming silences’ (or ‘silences’) define areas of research and experience which are little researched, understood or silenced.
Myriad new peoples emerged in Africa, America, and Europe during the first three centuries following Columbus’s arrival in the New World. By focusing on ethnogenesis as the product of the local as well as the global, we have sought to put the experiences of Africans and Amerindians at the center of Atlantic history.
During the convention, the Department of Tourism will sponsor a special Founders' Reception at the African-American Museum, where the 44 men and women who gathered to form NABJ at a historic meeting on Dec. 12, 1975, in Washington, D.C, will be honored.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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669 p., Essays cover the experiences of black women in Africa, the Caribbean, South America, and the United States in politics, business, the community, the arts, the family, and social change.
This article explores Japanese literary engagement with the Caribbean island of Jamaica, one informed most directly by the recent popularity of Jamaican musical culture in Japan. I link these works to a discursive imagination of the international, including the Third World, as a proving ground for artistic accomplishment and for the acquisition of an ideological cosmopolitanism counterposed against life in insular Japan. This includes the discourse of jibun sagashi, or self-searching, that has emerged in the post-1991 recessionary era. I argue that a consistent trope in many works of fiction and non-fiction on Japanese travel to Jamaica is of their protagonists' or authors' intimate encounter with Afro-Jamaican blackness as both menacing and impoverished, but also vitalizing and endearing. Encountering the Afro-Jamaican, and surviving it, simultaneously affords a sense of toughness and sociopolitical enlightenment impossible elsewhere in Japan. I conclude that although these narratives usually include returns to a Japanese homeland appreciated anew, an ethnographic perspective on these issues - though not the focus of the paper - suggests that the experiences of less famous Japanese youth travelling to Jamaica might complicate these narratives offered to mainstream audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR].
An analysis of the educational attainment and progress between age 11 and age 14 of over 14,500 students in England. Socioeconomic variables could account for the attainment gaps for Black African, Pakistani and Bangladeshi students, but not for Black Caribbean students. Black Caribbean students were distinctive as the only group making less "progress" than White British students between age 11 and 14 and this could not be accounted for by any of the measured contextual variables. Possible explanations for the White British-Black Caribbean gap are considered.
