« Previous |
1 - 100 of 152
|
Next »
Number of results to display per page
Search Results
2. The Cuban Monetary and Financial Jigsaw Puzzle
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Alejandro,Pavel Vidal (Author)
- Format:
- Internet resource
- Publication Date:
- Nov 2010
- Published:
- Real Instituto Elcano de Estudios Internacionales y Estrategicos
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Real Instituto Elcano de Estudios Internacionales y Estrategicos
- Notes:
- 7 p., The 2008-09 balance of payments crisis and a succession of errors in economic policies have resulted in new monetary and financial complications in the Cuban economy, to be added to the costs and distortions of currency duality.
3. Cuba: Routine Repression: Political Short-term Detentions and Harassment in Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Amnesty International (Author)
- Format:
- Book, Whole
- Publication Date:
- Mar 2012
- Published:
- Amnesty International Publications
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Amnesty International Publications
- Notes:
- Index number: AMR 25/007/2012, 18 p., Criticism of the government is not tolerated in Cuba, and it is routinely punished with arbitrary and short-term detentions, intimidation, harassment, and politically motivated criminal prosecutions. Amnesty International makes recommendations to the Cuban government aimed at ensuring greater respect for the rights to freedom of expression, association, assembly, and movement.
4. Restrictions on Freedom of Expression in Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Amnesty International (Author)
- Format:
- Book, Whole
- Publication Date:
- Jun 2010
- Published:
- Amnesty International Publications
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Amnesty International Publications
- Notes:
- Index number: AMR 25/005/2010, 35 p., In Cuba the state has a virtual monopoly of press and broadcast media and tight restrictions apply to the internet. Anyone who expresses views critical of the government runs the risk of harassment, arbitrary detention, and criminal prosecution. With dozens of prisoners of conscience continuing to serve long prison sentences in Cuba for exercising freedom of expression, Amnesty International calls on the authorities to stop the harassment and intimidation of dissidents, release prisoners of conscience, amend repressive legislation, and enable greater exchange of information through the internet and other media. Tables.
5. Legislative Background on U.S.-Cuba Policy: Recent Action by Congress on Trade and Travel to Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Anon.,Anon (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Sep 2013
- Published:
- Washington, DC: Congressional Digest Corporation
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Congressional Digest
- Journal Title Details:
- 92(7)
- Notes:
- In Apr 2009, shortly after taking office, Pres Barack Obama signaled that he was open to a new dialogue with Cuba. At remarks delivered at the Summit of the Americas in Trinidad and Tobago, the President said that the US seeks a new beginning with Cuba. Earlier that year, then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton had welcomed an offer for talks from Cuban President Raul Castro, who took over duties from his ailing brother Fidel Castro in 2006 and subsequently was elected president by the Cuban National Assembly in 2008. Castro reportedly said that he was willing "discuss anything" with the US Government. Here, the US-Cuba policy is discussed. Adapted from the source document.
6. Environmental justice in Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Bell,Karen (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- May 2011
- Published:
- United Kingdom: Sage Publications Ltd.
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Critical Social Policy
- Journal Title Details:
- 31(2) : 241-265
- Notes:
- 'Environmental justice' refers to the human right to a healthy and safe environment, a fair share of natural resources, access to environmental information and participation in environmental decision-making. Some analysts have argued that environmental justice is undermined by the political economy of capitalism. This paper builds on this analysis by evaluating the environmental justice situation in Cuba, a country where there is little capitalist influence. Evidence is based on participant observation and interviews in Cuba, as well as secondary quantitative data. The research findings suggest that Cuba fares relatively well in terms of environmental justice, but still faces a number of challenges regarding the quality of its environment and some aspects of the environmental decision-making process. However, many of its ongoing problems can be attributed to global capitalist pressures.
7. Seizing the Opportunity to Expand People to People Contacts
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Beszterczey,Dora (Author), Fernandez,Damian J. (Author), and Gomez,Andy S. (Author)
- Format:
- Book, Whole
- Publication Date:
- Aug 2010
- Published:
- Washington, DC: Latin America Initiative at Brookings
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 5 p., Last year, President Obama delivered the first step in his promise to reach out to the Cuban people and support their desire for freedom and self-determination. Premised on the belief that Cuban Americans are the best ambassadors for freedom in Cuba, the Obama administration lifted restrictions on travel and remittances by Cuban Americans; however, if US policy is to be truly forward looking it must further expand its focus from the Castro government to the well-being of the Cuban people. Tables.
8. Turf Wars: Local Context and Latino Political Development
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Bishin,Benjamin G. (Author), Kaufmann,Karen M. (Author), and Stevens,Daniel (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Jan 2012
- Published:
- United Kingdom: Sage Publications Ltd.
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Urban Affairs Review
- Journal Title Details:
- 48(1) : 111-137
- Notes:
- Examines the voting behavior of Cubans and non-Cuban Hispanics in two Florida counties. The group position thesis holds that status inequalities and perceived discrimination yield out-group hostilities that can influence political behavior. In Miami, where Cubans are dominant, we expect non-Cuban Latinos to report greater pan-Latino competition and that anti-Cuban attitudes will influence non-Cuban Hispanic voting. In Tampa, where non-Cuban Latinos live in communities where Cubans are not dominant, we expect lower levels of perceived competition and Cuban-related attitudes to be inconsequential to the vote. The results confirm that power relations in the local arena constitute an important influence on the political behavior of Latino immigrants.
9. 'Hay que seguir luchando': struggles that shaped English language learning of four Cuban immigrant women
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Butcher,John S. (Author) and Townsend,Jane S. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Dec 2011
- Published:
- Abingdon UK: Routledge Journals/Taylor & Francis
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education
- Journal Title Details:
- 24(7) : 829-856
- Notes:
- Newly arrived from Cuba, Angelica, Dora, Marina, and Damaris attempted to negotiate new surroundings and immigrant identities, building a sense of home for themselves and their families. Data from qualitative interviews, classroom observations, and focus group conversations revealed hopes that by acquiring English language skills, they would improve their quality of life in their new country. Struggles included personal factors situated in their pasts in Cuba and their new surrounds in the Miami Cuban exile enclave, contexts that were further complicated by uncertain expectations of new lives in Miami and the overwhelming task of learning a new language at a local adult education center.
10. Remittances and Their Unintended Consequences in Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Eckstein,Susan (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Jul 2010
- Published:
- Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- World Development
- Journal Title Details:
- 38(7) : 1047-1055
- Notes:
- After Soviet aid and trade ended Cuba was forced to reintegrate into the capitalist world economy. Needing hard currency, the government transformed the diaspora into a dollar attaining strategy, by facilitating and tacitly encouraging remittance-sending. Ordinary Cubans themselves wanted remittances to finance a lifestyle they could not otherwise afford. Despite their shared interest in remittances, the government increasingly appropriated remittances at recipients' expense.
11. A Cuban Policy Approach to Sex Education
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Espin,Mariela Castro (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Cuban Studies
- Journal Title Details:
- 42 : 23-34
- Notes:
- Initiatives in the field of sexology and sex education in prerevolutionary Cuba are barely known, as continuity between those experiences and the work carried out during the years following the 1959 revolution have not been researched. The founding of the Federation of Cuban Women (FMC), however, must be considered the product of a long process of political maturity on the part of Cuban women during the first half of the twentieth century, and in the broader context of the FMC, the developments in the fields of sexology and sex education over the past fifty years also must be considered. Drawing on FMC archival holdings, this article sets out a periodization of the four main stages of the revolutionary period of institutionalizing sex education in Cuba, as well as its main challenges.
12. Changes in the Economic Model and Social Policies in Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Espina Prieto,Mayra (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Jul 2011
- Published:
- New York, NY: North American Congress on Latin America, Inc.
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- NACLA Report on the Americas
- Journal Title Details:
- 44(4) : 13-15
- Notes:
- Reforms proposed at the Sixth Communist Party Congress represent a new, third phase of social policy in post-revolutionary Cuba. This new stage has the potential to strengthen social equity in Cuba, improve the socio-economic situation of disparate social groups, and overcome the old limitations of social policy. Yet it could also increase inequality, and at least in the short term, its predicted impacts will be contradictory and ambivalent.
13. The 1937 International Sugar Agreement: Neo-Colonial Cuba and Economic Aspects of the League of Nations
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Fakhri,Michael (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Leiden Journal of International Law
- Journal Title Details:
- 24(4) : 899-922
- Notes:
- To many in the West, the League of Nations was to establish political peace between nations. To the Cuban sugar-producing elite of the 1920s and 1930s, however, the League was an important socioeconomic institution used to augment many of Cuba's first modern state institutions. This article explores how and why Cuban delegates were the principals behind the 1937 International Sugar Agreement.
14. Health Care in the US and Cuba: Searching for the 96%
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Fitz,Don (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Jan 2011
- Published:
- St. Louis, MO: WD Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Synthesis/Regeneration
- Journal Title Details:
- 54 : 29-33
- Notes:
- Don Fitz explains why quality health care does not have to be based on unending expansion of expensive medical technology. Adapted from the source document.
15. Castrocare in Crisis: Will Lifting the Embargo Make Things Worse?
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Garrett,Laurie (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Jul 2010
- Published:
- New York, NY: Council on Foreign Relations
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Foreign Affairs
- Journal Title Details:
- 89(4) : 61-73
- Notes:
- Cubans are wildly optimistic about the transformations that will occur once the United States lifts its long-standing embargo on Cuba. Overlooked in these discussions, however, is how Cuba's health-care industry may be harmed by any serious easing of trade and travel restrictions between the two countries.
16. The City of Varadero (Cuba) and the Urban Construction of a Tourist Enclave
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Gonzalez,Jesus M. (Author), Salinas,Eduardo (Author), Navarro,Enrique (Author), Artigues,Antoni A. (Author), Remond,Ricardo (Author), Yrigoy,Ismael (Author), Echarri,Maite (Author), and Arias,Yanira (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Mar 2014
- Published:
- United Kingdom: Sage Publications Ltd.
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Urban Affairs Review
- Journal Title Details:
- 50(2) : 206-243
- Notes:
- The urban and territorial changes caused by tourism are well-studied topics in contemporary scientific literature. This article uses an integrative approach that lies between the scientific traditions in urban geography and the geography of tourism to present a case study of a socialist city. Tourism is a strategic economic activity in Cuba, and the country's most popular sun and sand tourist destination is Varadero. At first consideration, its tourism model is not very different from those of other areas in the region (Dominican Republic, Riviera Maya, etc.), but the uniqueness of the Cuban government and emphasis on planning introduce several distinguishing features. The combined analysis of the development of tourism in the city and the recent history of territorial planning leads to conclusions regarding the role of tourism in urban development, which has resulted in the creation of a dual-city model, and the role land planning is playing.
17. Cuba Democracy Assistance: USAID's Program Is Improved, but State Could Better Monitor Its Implementing Partners
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Gootnick,David (Author)
- Format:
- Book, Whole
- Publication Date:
- Jan 2013
- Published:
- Washington DC: United States Government Accountability Office
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- United States Government Accountability Office
- Notes:
- 53 p., Since 1996, Congress has appropriated 205 million dollars to the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Department of State (State) to support democracy assistance for Cuba. Because of Cuban government restrictions, conditions in Cuba pose security risks to the implementing partners -- primarily nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) -- and subpartners that provide US assistance. GAO (1) identified current assistance, implementing partners, subpartners, and beneficiaries; (2) reviewed USAID's and State's efforts to implement the program in accordance with US laws and regulations and to address program risks; and (3) examined USAID's and State's monitoring of the use of program funds. Tables, Figures, Appendixes.
18. Social Relations and the Cuban Health Miracle
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Kath,Elizabeth (Author)
- Format:
- Book, Whole
- Publication Date:
- 2010
- Published:
- Transaction Publishers
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Transaction Publishers
- Notes:
- 200 p., For Cuba's supporters, health is the most commonly cited evidence of the socialist system's success. Even critics often concede that this is the country's saving grace. Cuba's health statistics are indeed extraordinary. This small island outperforms virtually all of its neighboring countries and all countries of the same level of economic development. Some of its health statistics rival wealthy industrialized countries. Moreover, these health outcomes have resulted against all odds. This study of the Cuban health system finds that the country possesses an unusually high level of popular participation and cooperation in the implementation of health policy. This has been achieved with the help of a longstanding government that prioritizes public health, and has enough political influence to compel the rest of the community to do the same. On the other hand, popular participation in decision-making regarding health policy is minimal, which contrasts with the image of popular participation often promoted. Political elites design and impose health policy, allowing little room for other health sector groups to meaningfully contribute to or protest official decisions. This is a problem because aspects of health care that are important to those who use the system or work within it can be neglected if they do not fit within official priorities. The country's preventive arrangements, its collective prioritization of key health areas, the improvements in public access to health services through the expansion of health facilities and the provision of free universal care are among the accomplishments that set it apart. The sustainability and progress of these achievements, however, must involve open recognition and public discussion of weaker aspects of the health system.
19. The Cuban Revolution in the 21st Century
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Lambie,George (Author)
- Format:
- Book, Whole
- Publication Date:
- 2010
- Published:
- New York: Pluto Press Limited
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 320 p., While most writing on Cuba seeks to analyse the island's socialist experiment from the perspective of either its internal dynamics or international relations, this book attempts to understand the revolutionary process as part of a counter-current against neoliberal globalisation. Now that neoliberalism is in crisis, Cuba's promotion of socialist values is finding a renewed relevance.
20. Making-Up Is Hard to Do: Obama's 'New Approach' to Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- LeoGrande,William M. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Jul 2011
- Published:
- New York, NY: North American Congress on Latin America, Inc.
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- NACLA Report on the Americas
- Journal Title Details:
- 44(4) : 38-44
- Notes:
- Campaigning in 2007, Barack Obama promised to end restrictions on remittances and family travel to Cuba, resume "people-to-people" contracts, and engage Cuba on issues of mutual interest. As President, Obama has declared his desire to forge a new "equal partnership" with Latin America. Two months later, the 39th General Assembly of the Organization of American States voted to repeal the 1962 resolution that suspended Cuba fro its ranks.
21. Change in Post-Fidel Cuba: Political Liberalization, Economic Reform and Lessons for U.S. Policy
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Lopez-Levy,Arturo (Author) and Lopez,Lilla R. (Author)
- Format:
- Book, Whole
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- Washington, DC: New American Foundation
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 19 p., Explores the historic reform process currently underway in Cuba. It looks first at the political context in which the VI Cuban Communist Party Congress took place, including the Cuban government's decision to release a significant number of political prisoners as part of a new dialogue with the Cuban Catholic Church. It then analyzes Cuba's nascent processes of economic reform and political liberalization. To conclude, it discusses the challenges and opportunities these processes pose for U.S policy toward Cuba.
22. Aspects of Cuba's Strategy to Revive Socialist Development
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Ludlam,Steve (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Jan 2012
- Published:
- New York, NY: Guilford Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Science & Society
- Journal Title Details:
- 76(1) : 41-65
- Notes:
- With stark income inequalities rooted in its dual currency economy, Cuba is taxing down high and unearned incomes, while trying to raise national productivity and official salaries through performance-related pay and labor restructuring. Such measures are portrayed as an abandonment of socialism, but in Cuba are discussed in terms of historic socialist debates about distribution and the balance of moral and material incentives at work, in a society still characterized by common ownership, social protection, and collective debate.
23. Therapeutic Imaginaries in the Caribbean: Competing Approaches to HIV/AIDS Policy in Cuba and Belize
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Pope,Cynthia (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Sep 2012
- Published:
- United States: Routledge
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Annals of the Association of American Geographers
- Journal Title Details:
- 102(5) : 1157-1164
- Notes:
- Case studies demonstrate how countries in the same region can develop health care policies that represent different biomedical and sociocultural outcomes. For example, Cuba's policies result in the lowest HIV/AIDS prevalence rates in the Caribbean, whereas Belize experiences the second highest rates.
24. Canada's Economic Relations With Cuba, 1990 To 2010 And Beyond
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Ritter,Archibald R. M. (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Apr 2010
- Published:
- Ottawa, Canada: Carleton University
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Canadian Foreign Policy/La Politique etrangere du Canada
- Journal Title Details:
- 16(1) : 119-140
- Notes:
- A range of economic dimensions is examined, including trade in goods and services (notably tourism), direct foreign investment, international migration, and development assistance. Following a brief review of the evolving relationship from 1959 to 1990, the nature of the economic relationship between Canada and Cuba is analyzed in more detail for the 1990 to 2009 era.
25. Cuba-U.S. Rhetoric Timeline: Hope for a Basic Shift in Policy Disintegrates into Continued Polarization
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Rodriguez,Katya (Author)
- Format:
- Internet resource
- Publication Date:
- 2010-03-17
- Published:
- Washington, DC: Council on Hemispheric Affairs
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Council on Hemispheric Affairs
- Notes:
- 5 p., During most of the last half century, discussions aimed at normalizing relations with Cuba have been rare and mainly unproductive. Due to Obama's optimism for political change toward Cuba during his presidential campaign, there was considerable hope that policy would be altered in a more constructive direction, but after a year, it is argued that "change" in Latin America policy has been more in reverse than in fast-forward. Tables.
26. The Cuban Economy: Recent Trends, Report on the Americas
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Romeu,Rafael (Author), Perez-Lopez,Jorge F. (Author), Mesa-Lago,Carmelo (Author), and Perales,Jose Raul (Editor)
- Format:
- Book, Whole
- Publication Date:
- July 2011
- Published:
- Washington, DC: Latin American Program, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 91 p., This publication examines the contemporary state of Cuba's economy at a time of great transformation. Using econometric and other macroeconomic analysis tools, its authors have taken advantage of the recent availability of official economic statistics to offer new insights into longstanding questions about Cuba's economic behavior. Tables, Figures, References.
27. Benevolent Domination: The Ideology of U.S. Policy toward Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Schoultz,Lars (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2010
- Published:
- Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Cuban Studies
- Journal Title Details:
- 41 : 1-19
- Notes:
- Argues that the bedrock of U.S. policy is an ideology of benevolent domination. Created at the time of the Spanish-American War, President Theodore Roosevelt captured this ideology perfectly in 1907 when he explained, "I am seeking the very minimum of interference necessary to make them good," and it is seen today in the 2004 report of the Commission for Assistance to a Free Cuba. Adapted from the source document.
28. Failed Sanctions: Why the U.S. Embargo against Cuba Could Never Work
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Spadoni,Paolo (Author)
- Format:
- Book, Whole
- Publication Date:
- 2010
- Published:
- Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 230 p., For almost five decades, the United States has maintained a comprehensive economic embargo on Cuba. U.S.-based travel to the island is severely restricted, and most financial and commercial transactions with Cuba are illegal for U.S. citizens. In the 1990s the United States tightened the embargo further, seeking to promote change in Cuba by depriving the Castro government of hard currency revenues. And yet the stalemate remains. This book argues that the embargo has not been particularly effective in achieving its primary goal. The United States has not only been unable to stifle the flow of foreign investment into Cuba but has actually contributed to the recovery of the Cuban economy, particularly from the deep recession it entered following the demise of the Soviet Union.
29. Cuba: U.S. Restrictions on Travel and Remittances
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Sullivan,Mark P. (Author)
- Format:
- Pamphlet
- Publication Date:
- 2016-04-06
- Published:
- Washington, DC: Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 39 p., Restrictions on travel to Cuba have been a key and often contentious component in US efforts to isolate Cuba's communist government since the early 1960s. Under the George W. Bush Administration, restrictions on travel and on private remittances to Cuba were tightened. Congress took action in March 2009 by including two provisions in the FY2009 omnibus appropriations measure (P.L. 111-8) that eased restrictions on family travel and travel related to marketing and sale of agricultural and medical goods to Cuba -- Subsequently, in April 2009, President Obama announced that his Administration would go further and allow unlimited family travel and remittances. Tables.
30. Perceptions of Cuba: Canadian and American Policies in Comparative Perspective
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Wylie,Lana (Author)
- Format:
- Book, Whole
- Publication Date:
- 2010
- Published:
- Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 178 p., By acknowledging that competing national identities, perceptions, and ideas play a major role in foreign policies, Perceptions of Cuba makes a significant contribution to our understanding of international relations. Contents: The exceptionalist and the Cuban other -- The independent international citizen and the other Cuba -- Exploring Cuba policy in tandem.
31. The economic history of the Caribbean since the Napoleonic wars
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Bulmer-Thomas,Victor (Author)
- Format:
- Book, Whole
- Publication Date:
- 2012
- Published:
- Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 710 p, Examines the economic history of the Caribbean in the two hundred years since the Napoleonic Wars and is the first analysis to span the whole region. Its findings challenge many long-standing assumptions about the region, and its in-depth case studies shed new light on the history of three countries in particular, namely Belize, Cuba, and Haiti"
32. Telling the Untold Stories: Crossing Nation, Gender and Text in Marta Rojas' El columpio de Rey Spencer
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Feracho,Lesley (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Mar 2010
- Published:
- Philadelphia, PA: Routledge/Taylor & Francis
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies
- Journal Title Details:
- 5(1) : 65-74
- Notes:
- For women writers of the Caribbean as well as for larger marginalized communities, the relationship between oral traditions and written texts is a part of the defining thread of Caribbean historiography. This article draws on Waugh and Hutcheon to examine the use of such texts by women writers of the Hispanophone Caribbean in order to highlight narrative strategies of historically marginalized groups to contest hegemonic constructions of the nation.
33. Climate and catastrophe in Cuba and the Atlantic world in the age of revolution
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Johnson,Sherry (Author)
- Format:
- Book, Whole
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 306 p., Weather-induced environmental crises and slow responses from imperial authorities, Johnson argues, played an inextricable and, until now, largely unacknowledged role in the rise of revolutionary sentiments in the 18th century Caribbean.
34. Frontiers, plantations, and walled cities : essays on society, culture, and politics in the Hispanic Caribbean, 1800-1945
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Martínez-Fernández,Luis (Author)
- Format:
- Book, Whole
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 221 p, In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Hispanic Caribbean was fundamentally a plantation economy dominated mainly by the world sugar market. The politics were shaped by revolutions, political coups, wars, and elections, resulting in an end of Spanish power, independent states, and the domination of the region by the United States. These developments led to changes in social values. The author follows these developments throughout the main Hispanic islands and provides a fascinating picture of a region in turmoil.
35. Red heat : conspiracy, murder, and the Cold War in the Caribbean
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Von Tunzelmann,Alex (Author)
- Format:
- Book, Whole
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- New York: Henry Holt
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 449 p, During the presidencies of Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson, the Caribbean was in crisis. The men responsible included, from Cuba, Fidel Castro, and his brother Raúl; from Argentina, Che Guevara; from the Dominican Republic, Rafael Trujillo; and from Haiti, François "Papa Doc" Duvalier. The superpowers thought they could use Cuba, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic as puppets, but what neither bargained on was that their puppets would come to life.
36. Red Heat : Conspiracy, Murder and the Cold War in the Caribbean
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Von Tunzelmann,Alex (Author)
- Format:
- Book, Whole
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- London: Simon & Schuster
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 505 p., During the presidencies of Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson, the Caribbean was in crisis. The men responsible included, from Cuba, Fidel Castro, and his brother Raúl; from Argentina, Che Guevara; from the Dominican Republic, Rafael Trujillo; and from Haiti, François "Papa Doc" Duvalier. The superpowers thought they could use Cuba, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic as puppets, but what neither bargained on was that their puppets would come to life.
37. Constructing Afro-Cuban Womanhood: Race, Gender, and Citizenship in Republican-Era Cuba, 1902--1958
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Brunson,Takkara Keosha (Author)
- Format:
- Dissertation/Thesis
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- Texas: The University of Texas at Austin
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
- Notes:
- 344 p., Explores continuities and transformations in the construction of Afro-Cuban womanhood in Cuba between 1902 and 1958. A dynamic and evolving process, the construction of Afro-Cuban womanhood encompassed the formal and informal practices that multiple individuals--from lawmakers and professionals to intellectuals and activists to workers and their families--established and challenged through public debates and personal interactions in order to negotiate evolving systems of power. The dissertation argues that Afro-Cuban women were integral to the formation of a modern Cuban identity. Studies of pre-revolutionary Cuba dichotomize race and gender in their analyses of citizenship and national identity formation. As such, they devote insufficient attention to the role of Afro-Cuban women in engendering social transformations.
38. Uncovering Blackness: Racial Ideology and Black Consciousness in Contemporary Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Clealand,Danielle Pilar (Author)
- Format:
- Dissertation/Thesis
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- North Carolina: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
- Notes:
- 275 p., Racial ideology in Cuba, which negates the importance and effects of race and a racial hierarchy, gained significant legitimacy at the start of the Cuban Revolution due to increased levels of equality and the initial commitment by the Revolution to eradicate racism and racial discrimination. Racism was declared to be solved and race was subsequently erased from the public script two years after its triumph in 1959. This project determines (1) how the ideology of racial harmony and Cuban socialism join to create a racial ideology that often succeeds in reducing the salience of race for Cubans, particularly among the revolution's supporters (2) how this racial ideology affects identity formation, racial consciousness and racial attitudes among blacks as it interacts with visible racial disparities and (3) the trajectory that black politics has taken in Cuba.
39. Who is nature?: Yoruba religion and ecology in Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Concha-Holmes,Amanda D. (Author)
- Format:
- Dissertation/Thesis
- Publication Date:
- 2010
- Published:
- Florida: University of Florida
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
- Notes:
- 327 p., "This research is in response to the general academic need to examine how black histories have been conceived and written. Instead of folklore, I look to the Osainistas (healers and herbalists initiated into the secrets of Osain) in Cuba as possible partners in a conversation in collaborative conservation. My study of Lucumí (Yorùbá-derived) religion and Osain (deity of the sacred forests, herbs and healings) reveals an embodied understanding of nature through which the boundaries of subject as well as material and spiritual become collapsed and traversed through specialized communication techniques. Ways of knowing through invocations, praise poetry, music and dance are essential to nearly all Yorùbá ritual in which spiritual forces are actualized-evoking and thus invoking spirit into physical form. Yorùbá employ these embodied techniques to transcend boundaries and open communication among spirit, material, temporal and spatial worlds, particularly to understand and work with natural resources. This embodied knowledge is, as Yvonne Daniel argues in her book Dancing Wisdom , "rich and viable and should be referenced among other kinds of knowledge" (2005:4). This intermittently conducted 2003-06 ethnographic study, relies on what I am calling evocative ethnography, which is organized around ethnography using visual and cognitive techniques along with archival research to explore how Lucumí conceptualize nature and how I can translate these embodied perceptions." --The Author.
40. Negrometraje, Literature and Race in Revolutionary Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Cort,Aisha Z. (Author)
- Format:
- Dissertation/Thesis
- Publication Date:
- 2010
- Published:
- Georgia: Emory University
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
- Notes:
- 207 p., Explores the expression of Afro-Cuban identity and its illustration by Afro-Cuban writers and filmmakers within the context of the Cuban Revolution. It answers two questions. First, how does Afro-Cuban artistic expression of Afro-Cuban reality change from the 1970s to the 1990s? and second, how can we reread works from Afro-Cuban writers and filmmakers within the context of the Cuban Revolution in light of the ideological disconnects between Revolution, racial discourse, and artistic expression? To answer these questions the author looks to a diverse group of Afro-Cuban artists who produced groundbreaking works during the 1970s and 1990s. Beginning with Nancy Morejón as an example of a well-known literary figure in Afro-Cuban arts, the dissertation delves deeper into the evolution of Afro-Cuban aesthetics with the cinematic works of Nicolas Guillen Landrian in the 1960s, Sara Gómez and Sergio Giral in the 1970s and finally Gloria Rolando in the 1990s. These are all artists whose work has previously never been considered in concert, but together, their works engage in an interesting dialogue and provide a collective answer to the research questions on which this project is based.
41. Manners of distinction: Nineteenth century urban imaginings, performances and bodies of affect in Havana, Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Eguez Guevara,Pilar A. (Author)
- Format:
- Dissertation/Thesis
- Publication Date:
- 2013
- Published:
- Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
- Notes:
- 453 p., Offers an anthropological interpretation of cultural discourses about the body found in literature, visual narratives and archival sources throughout 19th century in Spanish colonial Havana. These discourses show a pressing concern with the "manners" of bodies, the ways they moved, how they occupied space, and how they managed sensations and emotions to negotiate power and prestige in the highly stratified Havana's society. Concerns for the manners of the body became the discursive domain of the rising planter and intellectual elite of Cuban creoles. They often expressed these concerns in normalizing terms such as "good manners," "good taste," and "tone." Argues that these and other highly embodied, interlocking moral, sensory, affective and aesthetic categories such as nobility, respect or " sabor " became focal indexes of the social status of individuals in colonial society.
42. Possible Republics: Tracing the 'Entanglements' of Race and Nation in Afro-Latina/o Caribbean Thought and Activism, 1870--1930
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Fuste,Jose I. (Author)
- Format:
- Dissertation/Thesis
- Publication Date:
- 2012
- Published:
- California: University of California, San Diego
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
- Notes:
- 282 p., Challenges how critical scholarship on race and racism in Latin America has traditionally understood racial subalterns in Cuba and Puerto Rico as people who are prevented from acting as black political subjects because of the hegemonic power of discourses of nationhood premised on ideas of mestizaje and racial fraternity. By providing an intellectual history of several important yet largely ignored Cuban and Puerto Rican activists intellectuals of color who lived and worked between the Caribbean and the U.S. at the turn of the 20th century, the author shows that instead of being tricked by creole elite national narratives, they attempted to redefine ideas of nationhood to challenge racism, colonialism, and imperialism at local, national, and transnational levels.
43. (Re) framing the nation the Afro-Cuban challenge to Black and Latino struggles for American identity
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Gosin,Monika (Author)
- Format:
- Dissertation/Thesis
- Publication Date:
- 2009
- Published:
- La Jolla: University of California, San Diego
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 311 p., Focuses on conflict and convergence among African Americans, Cuban exiles, and Afro-Cubans in the United States. Argues that the racializing discourses found in the Miami Times, which painted Cuban immigrants as an economic threat, and discourses in the Herald, which affirmed the presumed inferiority of blackness and superiority of whiteness, reproduce the centrality of ideologies of exclusivity and white supremacy in the construction of the U.S. nation.
44. Public performance: Free people of color fashioning identities in mid-nineteenth-century Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Grant,Jacqueline (Author)
- Format:
- Dissertation/Thesis
- Publication Date:
- 2012
- Published:
- Florida: University of Miami
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
- Notes:
- 237 p., Free people of color held an ambiguous place in Caribbean slave societies. On the one hand they were nominally free, but the reality of their daily lives was often something less than free. This work examines how free people of color, or libres de color , in nineteenth-century Cuba attempted to carve out lives for themselves in the face of social, economic, and political constraints imposed on them by white Cubans and Spaniards living in the island. It focuses on how through different Afro-Cuban associations some libres de color used public music and dance performances to self-fashion identities on their own terms.
45. An ethnological interpretation of the Afro-Cuban world of Lydia Cabrera (1900-1991)
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Gutierrez,Mariela (Author)
- Format:
- Book, Whole
- Publication Date:
- 2008
- Published:
- Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 251 p., Chapters: African and Afro-Cuban factors in the structure of Lydia Cabrera's black short stories -- The characters : gods, animals, humans, supernatural beings and objects -- The theme of the waters.
46. Azucar negra: (Re)envisioning race, representation, and resistance in the afrofeminista imaginary
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Guyton Acosta,Kiley Jeanelle (Author)
- Format:
- Dissertation/Thesis
- Publication Date:
- 2013
- Published:
- New Mexico: The University of New Mexico
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
- Notes:
- 321 p., Locates contemporary articulations of afrofeminismo in manifold modes of cultural production including literature, music, visual displays of the body, and digital media. Examines the development of afrofeminismo in relation to colonial sexual violence in sugar-based economies to explain how colonial dynamics inflect ideologies of blanqueamiento/embranquecimento (racial whitening) and pseudo-scientific racial determinism. In this context, the author addresses representations of the mujer negra (black woman) and the mulata (mulatto woman) in Caribbean and Brazilian cultural discourse.
47. "I've been black in two countries": Black Cuban views on race in the US
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Hay,Michelle A. (Author)
- Format:
- Book, Whole
- Publication Date:
- 2009
- Published:
- El Paso: LFB Scholarly Pub
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 247 p., Describes how black Cubans experience racism on two levels. Cuban racism might result in less access for black Cubans to their group's resources, including protection within Cuban enclaves from society-wide discrimination. In society at large, black Cubans are below white Cubans on every socioeconomic indicator. Rejected by their white co-ethnics, black Cubans are welcomed by other groups of African descent. Many hold similar political views as African Americans. Identifying with African Americans neither negatively affects social mobility nor leads to a rejection of mainstream values and norms.
48. Crossing Stories: Circulating Citizenships in an Americas du Golfe
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Hudson,Sara (Author)
- Format:
- Dissertation/Thesis
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- Connecticut: Yale University
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
- Notes:
- 667 p., The author locates New Orleans as a cultural and cartographic heart linking the Caribbean, the United States, and Latin America into what she calls Américas du Golfe. The author traces flows of cultures and citizens(hips) through New Orleans and across national borders: physically, culturally, economically, visually, linguistically, and musically, challenging traditional nation-based scholarly frameworks, and reorienting New Orleans as a Gulf, rather than American, city.
49. The Production of Racial Logic in Cuban Education: An Anti-Colonial Approach
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Kempf,Arlo (Author)
- Format:
- Dissertation/Thesis
- Publication Date:
- 2010
- Published:
- Canada: University of Toronto
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
- Notes:
- 380 p., This work brings an anti-colonial reading to the production and maintenance of racial logic in Cuban schooling, through conversations with, and surveys of Cuban teachers, as well as through analyses of secondary and primary documents. The study undertaken seeks to contribute to the limited existent research on race relations in Cuba, with a research focus on the Cuban educational context. Teasing and staking out a middle ground between the blinding and often hollow pro-Cuba fanaticism and the deafening anti-Cuban rhetoric from the left and right respectively, this project seeks a more nuanced, complete and dialogical understanding of race and race relations in Cuba, with a specific focus on the educational context. This work investigates and explicates an apparent contradiction inherent in teachers' work and discourse on the island, revealing a flawed and complex form of Cuban anti-racism.
50. Engendering inequality: Masculinity and racial exclusion in Cuba, 1895--1902
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Lucero,Bonnie A. (Author)
- Format:
- Dissertation/Thesis
- Publication Date:
- 2013
- Published:
- North Carolina: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
- Notes:
- 500 p., Explains the rise of a culture of racial silence in a time of heightening racial exclusion in Cuba at the turn of the twentieth century. Employing a case study of Cienfuegos, a port city on the south-central coast of the island, the author examines gendered articulations of inequality among Cuban separatists between the outbreak of the war of independence in 1895 and the inauguration of the Cuban republic in 1902. It is argued that Cuban struggles for political power in the wake of the American military intervention (1898) and military occupation (1899-1902) fundamentally transformed separatist visions of citizenship, increasingly restricting its boundaries along racial lines.
51. Material Culture, Slavery, And Governability In Colonial Cuba: The Humorous Lessons Of The Cigarette Marquillas
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Lugo-Ortiz,Agnes (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- Mar 2012
- Published:
- Abingdon, UK: Taylor & Francis
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies
- Journal Title Details:
- 21(1) : 61-85
- Notes:
- Discusses how ephemeral artifacts of daily material culture, such as marquillas -- the colorful lithographed papers that were used to wrap bundles of cigarettes during the second half of the nineteenth century in Cuba -- partook of the symbolization of emergent forms of racialized governability towards the end of slavery on the island.
52. Beyond the color curtain: Empire and Resistance from the Tricontinental to the Global South
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Mahler,Anne Garland (Author)
- Format:
- Dissertation/Thesis
- Publication Date:
- 2013
- Published:
- Atlanta, GA: Emory University
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 203 p., Argues for grounding the concept of global subaltern resistance in the legacy of the 1966 Tricontinental in which delegates from the liberation movements of 82 nations came together in Havana, Cuba to form an alliance against imperialism. This alliance, called the Organization of Solidarity of the Peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin America (OSPAAAL) quickly became the driving force of international political radicalism and the primary engine of its cultural production. Because the Tricontinental represents the extension into the Americas of the anti-imperialist union of Afro-Asian nations begun at the 1955 Bandung Conference, it points to a moment in which a diverse range of radicalist writers and artists in the Americas began interacting with its discourse. By tracing the circulation of the Tricontinental's ideology in its cultural production and in related texts from Third Cinema, Cuban Revolutionary film, the Nuyorican Movement, and writings by Young Lords and Black Power activists, Beyond the Color Curtain outlines how tricontinentalists laid the groundwork for a theory of power and resistance that is resurfacing in the contemporary notion of the Global South.
53. The voice of the leopard: African secret societies and Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Miller,Ivor (Author)
- Format:
- Book, Whole
- Publication Date:
- 2008
- Published:
- Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, Projected Date: 0812
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 364 p., Miller's extensive fieldwork in Cuba and West Africa documents ritual languages and practices that survived the Middle Passage and evolved into a unifying charter for transplanted slaves and their successors. To gain deeper understanding of the material, Miller underwent Ékpè initiation rites in Nigeria after ten years' collaboration with Abakuá initiates in Cuba and the United States. He argues that Cuban music, art, and even politics rely on complexities of these African-inspired codes of conduct and leadership.
54. Representation of people of color in the nineteenth century slavery novel in Cuba and Brazil
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Moore,Kendal (Author)
- Format:
- Dissertation/Thesis
- Publication Date:
- 2009
- Published:
- Florida: Florida International University
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
- Notes:
- 211 p., Explores the similarities and differences which characterize the depiction of people of color in certain representative 19th century Cuban and Brazilian slavery novels as a function of the authorial approach of each territory's literary tradition toward the issues of slavery, racial prejudice, and people of color. The selected texts, derived from the peak periods in slavery literature of each territory, include Francisco , by Anselmo Snárez y Romero; Sab , by Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda; Cecilia Valdés , by Cirilo Villaverde; A escrava Isaura , by Bernardo Guimarães; O mulato , by Aluísio Azevedo; and Bom-Crioulo , by Adolfo Caminha. While the present study explores the enslavement, abuse, and discrimination of people of color as a consequence of a deep-seated discourse of power, privilege and racial superiority, it focuses more extensively on the representation of people of color, particularly in their capacity to constructively appropriate the cultural values of the white dominant group and recognize their identity as ambiguous.
55. The Blood of Our Heroes: Race, Memory, and Iconography in Cuba, 1902--1962
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Nathan,Robert C. (Author)
- Format:
- Dissertation/Thesis
- Publication Date:
- 2012
- Published:
- North Carolina: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
- Notes:
- 280 p., Examines how Cubans mobilized the memory of their wars of independence as the symbolic and narrative foundations of their nationhood. Argues that the creation of a set of heroes, icons, and parables was crucial to consolidation of the Cuban republic and to the establishment of political and racial norms that sustained it. Cuban independence was threatened from its outset by the prospect of U.S. intervention. In this context, securing political stability and social unity became matters of national survival. The sanctification of national heroes enabled Cubans to demonstrate the historical legitimacy of their fragile republic, and Cubans circulated narratives emphasizing the cooperation of black and white Cubans in the anti-colonial struggle to deny and forestall conflicts over racial inequality.
56. Inscribing African descendant identity in nineteenth century Cuba: The transculturated literature of Juan Francisco Manzano and Gabriel de la Concepcion Valdes
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Pettway,Matthew Joseph (Author)
- Format:
- Dissertation/Thesis
- Publication Date:
- 2010
- Published:
- East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 251 p., Explores how Juan Francisco Manzano and Gabriel de la Concepcion Valdés (also known as Plácido) appropriated Hispanic literature to inscribe an African descendant subjectivity in 19th century proto-nationalist Cuban discourse. Revises Mary Louise Pratt's notion of "intercultural texts" and Angel Rama's "literary transculturation", proposing "transculturated colonial literature" to trace the contradictions, re-significations, silences and shifts in the aesthetic and ideological function of Manzano and Plácido's texts. As such, 19th century Afro-Cuban literature is analyzed as an active space of negotiation and exchange disputing racial and religious hierarchies to inscribe an Afro-Cuban religio-cultural subject. The author concludes that both Manzano and Plácido disrupted the aesthetic and ideological norms of the colonial status quo by producing the first instance of literary transculturation in Cuba.
57. Rumba: A philosophy of motion
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Richter,Petra (Author)
- Format:
- Dissertation/Thesis
- Publication Date:
- 2010
- Published:
- New Haven, CT: Yale University
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 273 p., Explores the iconography of Cuban rumba--a unique AfroCuban dance and music complex that represents the foundation of contemporary Cuban popular culture--and argues that rumba constitutes an essential part of a greater African-based ontology. Rumba dance performance is conceptualized as knowledge embodied, an avatar of nonverbal cultural communication and consciousness, which plays a central role in the organization of daily life and formation of identity. This dissertation demonstrates that concrete continuities exist between the diaspora and mainland Africa through close scrutiny of rumba and parallel performance art traditions in north, west and central Africa. Also attempts to identify specific African-based stylistic conventions as exemplified by Sahara's Imazighen (also known as Berber) peoples, Mali's Mande (known as Gangá in Cuba) and related groups, and the Kongo civilization establishing that although ethno-cultural boundaries exist, they tend to be permeable.
58. Creolizing Carmen: Reading Subversive Afra-Hispanic Performances of Maria Antonia and Isabel "La Negra" in the Caribbean
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Sanko,Nadia Sophia (Author)
- Format:
- Dissertation/Thesis
- Publication Date:
- 2010
- Published:
- California: University of California, Los Angeles
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
- Notes:
- 221 p., Carmen (Mérimée 1845, Bizet 1875), the story about the (in)famous Gypsy dancer from Spain, is the second most adapted narrative in the history of world cinema, with over eighty global versions officially recognized to date. Despite the global reach of the Carmen phenomenon, many scholars claim that this tale has hardly been reworked in Spanish America and never in the Caribbean. Following Carmen from Spain to Spanish America, the author shows how the template of Carmen (a love story that reveals the racio-ethnic and gender stratification in Spain) has been artfully but unsuspectingly reappropriated and "creolized" in postcolonial Cuba in the controversial film María Antonia (1991) by Afro-Cuban filmmaker Sergio Giral, based on the landmark play María Antonia (1964) by Afro-Cuban playwright Eugenio Hernández Espinosa.
59. The occupation of Havana: War, trade, and slavery in eighteenth-century Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Schneider,Elena Andrea (Author)
- Format:
- Dissertation/Thesis
- Publication Date:
- 2011
- Published:
- Princeton, NJ: Princeton University
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 477 p., This study is a "deep history" of the British invasion and occupation of Havana and western Cuba (1762-3) at the end of the Seven Years' War. By contextualizing this event within the broader story of intercolonial relations of war, trade, and slavery from 1713 to 1790, it demonstrates that the British occupation was a continuation and expansion of relations that preceded and postdated the invading warships' arrival. These Anglo-Cuban relations were forged through contraband commerce, the British slave trade to Cuba, and the practices of interimperial warfare, all of which undermined Spanish sovereignty in Cuba and linked its populations of both European and African descent to its British colonial neighbors.
60. Degrees of freedom: Louisiana and Cuba after slavery
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Scott,Rebecca Jarvis (Author)
- Format:
- Book, Whole
- Publication Date:
- 2005
- Published:
- Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 365 p., As Louisiana and Cuba emerged from slavery in the late 19th Century, each faced the question of what rights former slaves could claim. Observes the people, places, legislation and leadership that shaped how these societies adjusted to the abolition of slavery. The two distinctive worlds also come together, as Cuban exiles take refuge in New Orleans in the 1880s, and black soldiers from Louisiana garrison small towns in eastern Cuba during the 1899 U.S. military occupation.
61. Emancipados: slave societies in Brazil and Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Sofela,Babatunde (Author)
- Format:
- Book, Whole
- Publication Date:
- 2009
- Published:
- Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 292 p., Definitive information on the identity and status of the emancipados who were a special group of Africans in Brazil, Cuba and Latin America. The author establishes that the peculiar nature of the introduction of the emacipados into Brazil and America made them free Africans, both de jure and de facto, thereby setting them apart from freed Africans or slaves in Brazilian and Cuban societies. Emancipados held a much better status within these societies.
62. Citizenship, religion and revolution in Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Watson,Carolyn E. (Author)
- Format:
- Dissertation/Thesis
- Publication Date:
- 2009
- Published:
- New Mexico: The University of New Mexico
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
- Notes:
- 301 p., Throughout the 20th century, various Cuban regimes have tried to eliminate the practice of religions of African origin by combining repressive legislation and coercive social practices that stigmatized practitioners as culturally backward, socially deviant, and mentally deficient. Religious practitioners, however, used the state apparatus to continue worshipping their African deities, sometimes challenging government officials' excessive application of the law or devising ways to evade their scrutiny. Through an analysis of archival documents, newspapers, works produced by practitioners, oral history interviews and published ethnographies, this dissertation examines the strategies practitioners of Ocha-Ifá - also known as Santería - employed as they continued practicing the religion of their ancestors and participating in the national projects of the twentieth century. Focusing on the period after the 1959 revolution, this dissertation argues that revolutionary policies that were designed to discourage the practice of religions of African origin actually facilitated its continued practice and development in unintended ways.
63. From 'Hands off' to hands on, a Black woman in exile
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- May 15-May 21, 2013
- Published:
- Cleveland, OH
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Call & Post
- Journal Title Details:
- 20 : 4A-A.4
- Notes:
- Thanks to the federal Freedom of Information Act, citizens were made aware of a program the FBI - under the leadership of J. Edgar Hoover - enacted to "neutralize" Black leadership in America.
64. Congressional Black Caucus trip to Cuba was a needed venture
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- Apr 15-Apr 21, 2009
- Published:
- Cleveland, OH
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Call & Post
- Journal Title Details:
- 15 : 4A-A.4
- Notes:
- Members of the Congressional Black Caucus, including Ohio Congresswoman Marcia Fudge, have been taking it on the chin in some quarters for a fact-finding trip to Havana, Cuba, to meet with that nation's president. Since the Kennedy administration in the 1960s in the wake of the Cuban Missile Crisis, the tiny island 90 miles off the coast of the U.S. has been embargoed and isolated.
65. Congressional Black Caucus urged to visit Afro-Cuban political prisoners and democracy activists
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- Apr 13-Apr 19, 2009
- Published:
- New Orleans, LA
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- The Louisiana Weekly
- Journal Title Details:
- 30 : 15
66. Rep. Lee And CBC Delegation Meet With Cuban President
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 2009-04-09
- Published:
- San Francisco, CA
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Sun Reporter
- Journal Title Details:
- p. 1
- Notes:
- "The election of President Barack Obama presents a great new opportunity to rethink U.S. foreign policy in many regions of the world," [Barbara Lee] said. "America's harsh approach toward our nearest Caribbean neighbor divides families, closes an important market to struggling U.S. farmers, harasses our allies and is based on antiquated Cold War era thinking." Thursday, Lee joined Reps. Bill Delahunt (D-MA), Jeff Flake (R-AZ) and other members in calling for the lifting of the ban on travel to Cuba from the United States through the passage of H. R. 874, the Freedom to Travel to Cuba Act. Lee has led other delegations to Cuba in previous years. She has long supported an end to the travel ban to Cuba and has introduced legislation that would remove travel restrictions for students traveling to Cuba.
67. Cuba targets illegal TV dishes as US weapon
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- Aug 16-Aug 22, 2006
- Published:
- Miami, FL
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Miami Times
- Journal Title Details:
- 48 : 7D-7D,8D
- Notes:
- HAVANA - Cuba's Communist government has signaled a crackdown on the use of black-market satellite dishes, just over a week after ailing leader Fidel Castro temporarily relinquished power to his brother. "They are fertile ground for those who want to carry out the Bush administration's plan to destroy the Cuban revolution," said the newspaper, the official voice of the government. Such an article in Granma usually signals that action is on the way. Castro said in an August 1 statement that details of his health were a state secret due to the threat of U.S. intervention in Cuba.
68. 'Cuba: Reflections of Life' Photographic Exhibit Opens Today at Museum of African American Art
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 2002-10-10
- Published:
- Los Angeles, CA
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Sentinel
- Journal Title Details:
- p. B3
- Notes:
- The dramatic vision and delicate balance of composition found in Adona's photographic works were developed while working with painter Rozzell Sykes. Her vision was literally changed. The awareness of light, shadows, colors, textures, tones and balance had changed. Soon she began creating with paint, stark images with the feel of Japanese simplicity. [Alisa Adona]'s paintings showed a freshly textured view and an exciting new eye in the Los Angeles art world. Over time, she was compelled to capture what she saw through the lens of a camera, ultimately making photography her new love.
69. Photo Exhibit Focuses on Cuba and African American Art
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 2002-10-03
- Published:
- Los Angeles, CA
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Sentinel
- Journal Title Details:
- p. A3
- Notes:
- Ms. [Adona] is a photographer utilizing the visual medium to tell stories of cultures from around the world, with the hope of creating a better understanding of diverse people through the visual arts. Last summer Ms. Adona introduced "CUBA, Reflections of Life" during a speech at the United Nations in Geneve, Switzerland, where she spoke on the necessity utilizing a single, powerful image to tell the story of a nation.
70. Are Cuban cops targeting Blacks?
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 2001-09-18
- Published:
- Miami, FL
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Miami Times
- Journal Title Details:
- 2 : 6A
- Notes:
- Blacks have accused Cubans of taking advantage of their White complexions while simultaneoulsy being "minorities" when it is convenient for them. When opportunities for government contracts and grants for "minorities" are created, Cuban's apply as "minorities." When affirmative action policies are enacted for "minorities," Cuban's are also the beneficiaries. But somewhere down the line these police officers forgot they were "minorities." It took the two retired white officers, who cooperated fully with the FBI, to remind them.
71. Don't play politics with Cuba's educational offer to Blacks
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 2001-02-03
- Published:
- Chicago, IL
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Chicago Defender
- Journal Title Details:
- p. 11
- Notes:
- An editorial asserts that petty politics and diplomatic one-upmanship should not play a part in a stated request by Dr Juan Carrizo Estevez, the director of Cuba's two-year-old Latin American School of Medical Sciences, to obtain a visa to the US to meet with black college officials and the Congressional Black Caucus to discuss a grandiose, gratuitous offer from Cuba of a free medical education to US students.
72. Cuban issues examined
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 1997-07-02
- Published:
- Detroit, MI
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Michigan Chronicle
- Journal Title Details:
- 40 : 5-A-A
- Notes:
- "The Cuban experiment with socialism raises a number of theoretical questions about the difficulties of social transformation in multiracial societies," said Marable. "How successful has Cuba been in uprooting racism and sexism? Are the values of a socialist society possible in a transition to a market economy?"
73. Columbia Professor Leads African American Delegation To Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 1997-06-25
- Published:
- Washington, DC
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Washington Informer
- Journal Title Details:
- 37 : 3
- Notes:
- "Cuba has represented metaphorically the ability of an oppressed people to challenge imperialism and colonialism," Marable explained. "In the political imagination of Black America, Cuba represents the radical possibility of fundamental social change. One of the key questions now is -- what does Cuba represent for Black America in this period of political transition?"
74. Loud and Clear: Miami Cubans fear the growth of Black Power in Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Antoine,Rudy (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 2001-11-06
- Published:
- Miami, FL
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Miami Times
- Journal Title Details:
- 9 : 6A
- Notes:
- It's clear that most Cubans living in South Florida were those who oppressed the working classes in Cuba, resulting in the class discrimination of white Cubans against Black Cubans. Many of the Cubans controlling South Florida today are heirs to the chicanery, corruption, organization of crime and prostitution, and money laundering practiced by the ruling class when they held power in Cuba. Before the revolution that put [Fidel Castro] in power, Cuba was one big resort, the preferred spot, for the U.S. mafia to spend their free time and take a little vacation. Let me make it clear to everyone that I'm not a communist person and I'm not a member of any communist political party whatsoever. I believe, as a citizen of the world and a conscious Black man, that I have the right to praise anyone that I choose. I have the right to say that the Blacks in power in Cuba would not want the racist Cuban dictators in South Florida to go to the island and contaminate their nonracial environment. When they were in power during the [Fulgencio Batista] regime, the situation for Black people was deplorable. And now, any Black from Cuba who sides with Castro is labeled as a "Communist" or a "traitor". South Florida needs to wake up and ring the bell of freedom in the face of dictatorship. South Florida needs to let the Cuban dictators ruling South Florida know that the practice of censorship is over. We know the problem of the Cubans in South Florida. The real problem is not truly Fidel Castro, but rather the living presence of Black people in power in Cuba and the rapidly growing Black population in Cuba. Today we are going to sing a new song; the title of this song would be "We Know Your Problem". We have recognized the problem for years and now is the time to sing that song.
75. Castro defends Assata Shakur
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Boyd,Herb (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- May 19-May 25, 2005
- Published:
- New York, NY
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- New York Amsterdam News
- Journal Title Details:
- 21 : 2
- Notes:
- As if her precious life and freedom were a game of poker, the FBI upped the ante or bounty on [Assata Shakur] to $1 million two weeks ago. In a television address last Tuesday, Cuban leader Fidel Castro rejected calls to hand over Shakur, stating that she was not a terrorist but a victim of racial persecution. "They wanted to portray her as a terrorist, something that was an injustice, a brutality, an infamous lie," Castro said in his televised speech, while never mentioning Shakur's name. "They have always been hunting her, searching for her because of the fact that there was an accident in which a policeman died."
76. Hands off Assata Shakur
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Boyd,Herb (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- May 12-May 18, 2005
- Published:
- New York, NY
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- New York Amsterdam News
- Journal Title Details:
- 20 : 7
- Notes:
- Ever since [Assata Shakur] (nee Joanne Chesimard) became a member of the Black Panther Party and subsequently a member of the Black Liberation Army, she has been involved in revolutionary activities to change the racist policies of America. She found herself in the crosshairs of the criminal justice system in the early 1970s after she and her comrades were stopped on the New Jersey Turnpike by New Jersey State Troopers. Assata was traveling with Zayd Shakur and Sundiata Acoli in May 1973 when they were stopped, the troopers said, because of a faulty tail light on their car. Shortly after the stop, a shootout occurred. "There were lights and sirens," Shakur recalled in her autobiography. "Zayd was dead. My mind knew that Zayd was dead. The air was like cold glass, my mouth tasted like blood and dirt. Suddenly the [car] door flew open and I felt myself being dragged out onto the pavement. Pushed and punched, a foot upside my head, a kick in the stomach. Police were everywhere. One had a gun to my head," she wrote.
77. Cuba maintains its African culture: Cultural, religious traditions practiced on the island
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Bryant,Steve (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 1996-09-13
- Published:
- Philadelphia, PA
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Philadelphia Tribune
- Journal Title Details:
- 66 : 8-E-E
- Notes:
- Group AFROCUBA de Matanzas, one of Cuba's most acclaimed folklore groups, is one of the few troupes who showcase the wide diversity of African cultures that survive on the island. The group was founded in 1957 in the city of Matanzas, which is considered the prime repository of African culture in Cuba. AFROCUBA is comprised of 19 very talented drummers, dancers and singers, some of whom display talent in each discipline. Even their government representative, Ileana Hernandez, is a talented singer and dancer. Francisco Zamora Chirino, affectionately known as "Menini" has been the troupe's director for a number of years. The dancers include Julia Zulima Echeoana, Antonio Figueroa, Juan Carlos Golbelm, and Leniel Perez. The percussionists include Osmudo Barbaro Aldazabal, Franciso Dominquez Boada, Reynaldo Gobel, Enrique Mesa, Oluis Cancino Morales, and Pedro Abelle Torrente. The singers include Bertina Aranda, Sara Gobel, and Amparo Rodriquez. Of special note are Maria Dolores Perez and Regla "Pola" Perez, whose sister Ana is the featured dancer with Matanzas "other word famous troupe, Los Munequitos, dancer Reynaldo Gonzalez, and Rameses Zamora, "El Professor," who is a music professor at the University of Matanzas.
78. Can Afro Cuba survive after Fidel?
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Carrillo,Karen Juanita (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- Dec 22-Dec 28, 2005
- Published:
- New York, NY
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- New York Amsterdam News
- Journal Title Details:
- 52 : 2
- Notes:
- The political awareness of Afro Cubans remains exclusively tied to the Revolution. "And [Fidel Castro] is the one sustaining the Revolution: the reason Cuba is so strong is because of Fidel," said a prominent U.S.-based Afro Latino journalist who preferred not to be named. "After Fidel, the Cubans in Miami will simply pounce on the island," this journalist contends. "They have connections in Cuba; they have their people in place in Cuba already. When they take over they're going to be opening up the political arena to the U.S. again. Cuba has ostensibly been "independent" since Dec. 10, 1898, following decades of fighting between the nation's independence army, the Cuba Libre, and Spain. By 1898, the war was between Spain and the United States, but Cubans had declared their independence as early as Oct. 10, 1868. At that time, they'd also called for the island to end its enslavement of Black people, but emancipation from slavery was not made law until Oct. 7, 1886.
79. Eight U.S. residents among freshmen in Cuban med school
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Carrillo,Karen Juanita (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 2001-04-12
- Published:
- New York, NY
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- New York Amsterdam News
- Journal Title Details:
- p. 35
- Notes:
- Shunning warnings that Cuban Pres Fidel Castro was using them for propaganda purposes, eight US residents have taken Castro up on his offer to grant them free medical education, provided they return to poor communities in the US. On Apr 4, 2001, the eight African-American students took part in welcoming ceremonies hosted by Cuba's Latin American School of Medical Sciences.
80. Afro-Cuban journalist speaks on racial discrimination in Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Carrillo,Karen Juanita (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 2000-12-14
- Published:
- New York, NY
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- New York Amsterdam News
- Journal Title Details:
- p. 2
- Notes:
- Enrique Patterson, a columnist at Miami's El Nuevo Herald, recently spoke at Baruch College in New York City about racial discrimination in Cuba. Patterson, who is Cuban-American, said Cuban culture has a tradition of racism that developed before Fidel Castro and has not ended under Castro's reign. Patterson said racism is preventing a transition to democracy.
81. From sugar to revolution : women's visions of Haiti, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Chancy,Myriam Josèphe Aimée (Author)
- Format:
- Book, Whole
- Publication Date:
- 2012
- Published:
- Waterloo, Ont: Wilfrid Laurier University Press
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 358 p, Chancy aims to show that Haiti’s exclusion is grounded in its historical role as a site of ontological defiance. Her premise is that writers Edwidge Danticat, Julia Alvarez, Zoé Valdés, Loida Maritza Pérez, Marilyn Bobes, Achy Obejas, Nancy Morejón, and visual artist Maria Magdalena Campos-Pons attempt to defy fears of “otherness” by assuming the role of “archaeologists of amnesia.” They seek to elucidate women’s variegated lives within the confining walls of their national identifications—identifications wholly defined as male. They reach beyond the confining limits of national borders to discuss gender, race, sexuality, and class in ways that render possible the linking of all three nations.
82. Another Angle: Human Football - The Cuban/American Battle
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Culvert,Edward R. (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 1999-12-15
- Published:
- Jamaica, NY
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- New Voice of New York, Inc.
- Journal Title Details:
- 37 : 11
- Notes:
- The news media showed pictures of the immediate family and family friends. What I found amazing is that it appears that only light-skinned Cubans are trying to escape from their homeland. I saw the Cuban basketball team in the late Olympics. I have also seen pictures of Cubans in a television special one by Harry Belafonte. What I saw were dark-skinned Cubans having the time of their lives. It made me wonder, in light of what I have been told by African people living in Florida, that the light-skinned Cubans are more racist that some southerners. What is really going on in Cuba, and what is this Elian Gonzales issue about? The more I got into thinking this way, the more questions were raised. Why are most of the people trying to escape from Cuba light-skinned? Why are the majority of the athletics in the Olympics dark-skinned? The women's basketball team and the volleyballs teams were the bomb. They were some big, pretty sisters. I also thought of the Haitians. Why are Haitians sent back to Haiti and Cubans allowed to stay in America? They are both supposedly oppressed people. The Haitians are dark and the Cubans, who are trying to escape, light. Is there something more than meets the eye?
83. Black Cubans Are Proud Of Their Dark Skin, Thick Lips, Wide Hips
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Hall,Wiley A.,III (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 2000-07-12
- Published:
- Jacksonville, FL
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- The Jacksonville Free Press
- Journal Title Details:
- 28 : 3
- Notes:
- "You must understand that we are very different in Cuba," insisted Gabriel Molina Franchossi, director of Gramma newspaper, the official organ of the communist party in Cuba. "To Afro-Cubans, big lips and big backsides are objects of beauty. To us, such images represent the feminine ideal." Afro Cubans also seem naive. Cubans are fond of saying that Fidel Castro abolished racism when he came into power 40 years ago, as though this can be accomplished by a simple decree. What they really mean, of course, is that Castro outlawed discrimination And again, who am I to say he hasn't? In the United States, discrimination didn't become illegal until the mid-60s when Congress passed a series of civil rights laws effecting voting rights, equal employment, and fair housing. By 1968, Richard Nixon was ending a wave of white backlash into power and the process of undermining those gains began. Blacks appear to have had a different experience in Cuba, where better than 40 percent of the population is either Black or mestizo (mixed) and where a fair percentage of those who are considered "white" acknowledge some degree of African or mestizo blood in their heritage. "We in Cuba are not so easily categorized as in the United States," said Reynaldo Calviac Lafferte, director of the International Press Center. He pointed to a wall in his office. "In the same family, there are some who are as white as that wall." Then he slapped his patent leathers. "And there are some who are as black as my shoes. For us, race is not an issue like it is for you."
84. Learning from the Black experience in Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Hall,Wiley A.,III (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 2000-03-03
- Published:
- Washington, DC
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Afro - American Red Star
- Journal Title Details:
- 28 : A10
- Notes:
- "You must understand that we are very different in Cuba," insisted Gabriel Molina Franchossi, director of Gramma newspaper, the official organ of the communist party in Cuba. "To Afro-Cubans, big lips and big backsides are objects of beauty. To us, such images represent the feminine ideal." Under Castro, Blacks are well represented in the country's ruling bodies. Cuba has one of the highest literacy rates in the world and mortality rates comparable to that of Europe and the United States. Successful Afro Cubans are quick to note that they and their children have been afforded opportunities since what they call "the triumph of the Revolution" that they would never have received under the old regime.
85. U.S. Black farmers to supply Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Browne,J. Zamgba (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 2002-11-21
- Published:
- New York, NY
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- New York Amsterdam News
- Journal Title Details:
- p. 5
- Notes:
- Congressman Charles B. Rangel (D-Harlem), who was instrumental in obtaining a license from the U.S. Treasury Department on behalf of the NAACP delegation for the trip to Cuba, hailed the planned trade link with Black farmers. Rangel said he considers the results of the NAACP's Cuba visit "an important breakthrough." Rangel is a longtime advocate of U.S. trade with Cuba, arguing that removal of the U.S. embargo would promote democracy in Cuba.
86. ALONG THE COLOR LINE: Race And Revolution In Cuba; An Inside Report; Part Two of a Two-Part Series
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Marable,Manning (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 1996-03-07
- Published:
- San Francisco, CA
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Sun Reporter
- Journal Title Details:
- 10 : S2
- Notes:
- [Assata Shakur]'s comments highlight the long and continuing relationship between African Americans and Cuba. Black abolitionists such as Frederick Douglass and Henry Highland Garnet had actively supported Cuba's struggle for independence from Spain over a century ago. After the revolutionaries seized power in 1959, [Fidel Castro] made a powerful impression among African Americans by staying in Harlem during his first visit to the United Nations. Castro's famous September, 1960 meeting with Malcolm X, to the great consternation of the U.S. government, reinforced the solidarity felt by progressive black Americans toward the revolutionary government.
87. Orlando Zapata's death shows Cuba's racism and brutality
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Moore,Carlos (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- Mar 3-Mar 9, 2010
- Published:
- Miami, FL
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Miami Times
- Journal Title Details:
- 27 : 9A
- Notes:
- Cuba's rulers, say activists, see the growing dark face of the opposition as "ingratitude" that requires harsher punishment. They point to the case of Black Communist leader Juan Carlos Robinson, sentenced in 2006 to 12 years in jail for "corruption," an offense for which former foreign minister, Roberto Robaina, who's white, was arrested in 2002 but placed under house arrest. [Orlando Zapata Tamayo]'s ordeal is being spun from the other side of the coin, too - the predominantly white and U.S.-based, right-wing anti-Castro opposition who clearly stand to score political points from the case of a Black martyr. Righteous declarations can be expected from organizations such as Democracy Movement, the Cuban American National Foundation, the Cuban Liberty Council and, especially, the Cuban Democratic Directorate. Many Cuban civil-rights activists accuse these groups of working to corral and control the new internal opposition forces on behalf of interests linked to Cuba's former Jim Crow oligarchy. That's why they see U.S. Rep. Lincoln Diaz-Balart's "indignation" over Zapata's death, as much as president Raul Castro's "regrets," as a double farce. A staunch supporter of the tiny; white elite of wealth that was overthrown in 1959, Diaz-Balart can cry crocodile tears, but during his time in Congress his right-wing, proembargo agenda has only hindered the ability of Black Cubans to improve their lot.
88. Oakland Students Attend Med School In Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Moore,James C.,Jr (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- Sep 27-Oct 3, 2006
- Published:
- Oakland, CA
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Oakland Post
- Journal Title Details:
- 12 : 2
- Notes:
- The 28 year old [Bingham], who grew up in Alameda and attended Encinal High School, first became interested in speaking Spanish at the age of 10. After graduating from UC Berkeley with a degree in Spanish Language and Literature, a co-worker informed her about the Latin American Medical Program in Cuba after she found it advertised on the Internet. She applied and got accepted in 2001. Kenya realizes that a lot of young people from the Bay Area and elsewhere in the U.S. still are unaware of the free medical program in Cuba, which was originally offered to 500 students in the U.S.. Some 200 applied and almost 100 are still enrolled. Kenya would encourage young people of color to apply for this program. "This is not some get rich quick scheme to get a free education and go and make money as a doctor. I am doing this to go back and serve the community," she said.
89. Cuba's anti-black racism a major shortcoming
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Mullin,Corinna (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 1999-04-30
- Published:
- Miami, FL
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Caribbean Today
- Journal Title Details:
- 5 : 8
- Notes:
- These articles mostly concerned [Castro]'s cracking down on terrorism and crime committed against tourists in Cuba. In reaction to incidents of hotel bombings, and in one case, the murder of an Italian tourist, Castro's government had passed a series of strict new laws to deter crimes that would further injure the country's leading source of foreign currency - tourism. One evening in Santago de Cuba, I was discussing the race issue with a few Cuban friends, among whom was a loyal Castro supporter who had fought for four years in Angola with the Cuban army. He argued that what was happening in his country wasn't so much a problem of racism as it was an honest attempt on Castro's part to protect the country's main source of revenue, tourism, upon which the U.S. embargo had made Cuba dependent. Although the once-again blatant debasing of my friend's civil rights incensed me, I did understand his point. Most of the tourists now coming to Cuba are from predominately white European countries, or they are upper-class whites from Latin America. Most of the tourists now coming to Cuba are from predominately white European countries, or they are upper-class whites from Latin America. Most of these white tourists come to Cuba with racism ingrained in them from their own cultures. In fact, it is unofficially acknowledged that a large percentage of the foreign currency in Cuba comes from sex tourism, which generally comprises white men drawn to Cuba by the lure of "exotic" mulatto women.
90. "Strangers in a new land": Palo Mayombe, an African-Cuban religious tradition in the diaspora
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Nodal,Roberto (Author)
- Format:
- Dissertation/Thesis
- Publication Date:
- 2001
- Published:
- Ann Arbor, MI
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- ProQuest Dissertations
- Notes:
- 247 p., Discusses the diasporic origins of Palo Mayombe, a Kongo-Cuban religious tradition, while seeking to analyze how it fulfills, in a new transplanted setting, the spiritual needs of a given segment of the Cuban immigrant population in the United States—designated here as the “strangers in a new land”—“serving not only as a healing mechanism but also a vehicle towards the preservation of ethnic and cultural identity.”
91. Did Obama Play The Race Card In Cuba?
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Ortiz,J. Shawn (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- Apr 16-Apr 22, 2009
- Published:
- Sacramento, CA
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Sacramento Observer
- Journal Title Details:
- 18 : A7
- Notes:
- Would it come as any surprise that the first U.S. Black President may have sent members of the Congressional Black Caucus to kick start talks with Cuba's Fidel Castro? Castro's socialist revolution, contrary to official pronouncements, may not have cured the race issue in Cuba. "The fifty-year embargo just hasn't worked," Congressional Black Caucus Chairwoman Barbara Lee (D-Ca.) told reporters at a Capitol press conference after returning from a congressional delegation visit to Cuba. "The bottom line is that we believe it's time to open dialogue with Cuba."
92. Race issue has a different color in Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Page,Clarence (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- Jun 2002
- Published:
- Miami, FL
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Caribbean Today
- Journal Title Details:
- 7 : 8
- Notes:
- Tanya Quintero, a light-skinned mulatta and prominent independent journalist in Havana, said she was not aware of racial discrimination until she had a daughter with darker skin the than she. Suddenly, some of her friends referred to her child with a Spanish phrase that literally translates as "sour or dark stomach" but figuratively is slang for "a child who comes out darker than her mother," she said. Lighter-skinned children later made fun of her daughter for being a "marron," brown. Also the millions of dollars in "remittances" that Cubans in the United States and elsewhere send their relatives back on the island very year reach few "black" Cubans because more than 90 percent of the exiles are "white." As a result, the long-standing economic gap between darker and lighter Cubans widens. I use quotation marks around "black" and "white" because the terms don't mean the same as they do in the United States, with our traditional "one-drop rule." Race in Cuba, as in the rest of Latin America, is somewhat fluid: You are pretty much what you say you are, even within the same family.
93. Festivals of Cuba's finest and of the Avant-Garde
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Pareles,Jon (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- Feb 23-Mar 1, 2011
- Published:
- Miami, FL
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Miami Times
- Journal Title Details:
- 26 : 4C
- Notes:
- The festival also gathers expatriate Cuban musicians. They include Xiomara Laugart, a singer from Havana who is now a member of Yerba Buena, at the Jamaica Performing Arts Center on April 30, and the rapper Telmary Diaz at BAMCafé on April 23. The pianist Arturo O'Farrill, who leads the Afro-Latin Jazz Orchestra, brings his Family Band to BAMCafé on April 30, and on May 14 at Symphony Space the Afro-Latin Jazz Orchestra will be the centerpiece of Wall to Wall Sonidos, a marathon of Latin music featuring the premiere of O'Farrill's composition "A Still Small Voice." With luck, the festival's many multidisciplinary offerings will also give the music something it has rarely had in New York: a context.
94. Black Cubans still suffering from Hurricane Sandy
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Perez,Jose (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- Nov 14-Nov 20, 2012
- Published:
- Chicago, IL
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Chicago Defender
- Journal Title Details:
- 29 : 14
- Notes:
- "There are tens of thousands of roofless or windowless homes, schools, healthcare facilities, nursing homes, daycares and cultural centers that were partially or totally destroyed," Jones added.
95. "El Doce": Black Cubans Remember Genocidal Massacre
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Perez,Jose (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- May 8-May 14, 2002
- Published:
- Miami, FL
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Miami Times
- Journal Title Details:
- 36 : 1A
- Notes:
- 3) Spanish and other European immigrants that were encouraged to settle in Cuba as per attempts to "bleach" the island. This was the first time anything like this was seriously proposed since Haiti earned its independence. This is important to note because the "spectre" of Haiti loomed ominously over Spanish and Cuban whites for a century and most of their policies towards Cuba's Blacks were reflective of it. The following year, the Cuban Ward Connerly of his day, Martin Morúa Delgado was elected Speaker in Cuba's Senate. The year after that, Morúa introduced legislation that became known as the Morúa Amendment and it outlaws the PIC because is was based on race and racism was supposedly eradicated in Cuba. Just before the vote was taken to enact this bill into law, Estonez and other PIC leaders were imprisoned and were kept in jail until after the law was passed.
96. Stokely Carmichael: He's still 'ready for the revolution'
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Rice,John (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 1996-05-23
- Published:
- Los Angeles, CA
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Sentinel
- Journal Title Details:
- p. A13
- Notes:
- Kwame Ture, once widely in the news as black activist Stokely Carmichael, still propounds that he is "ready for the revolution." Ture, who is under treatment for prostate cancer, defines himself as a revolutionary.
97. What do Blacks have in Cuba?
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Sarduy,Pedro Perez (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 2000-05-03
- Published:
- Nashville, TN
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- The Tennessee Tribune
- Journal Title Details:
- 16 : 4
- Notes:
- Except for inroads made in the first 10 - 15 years after the revolution, what is black has been heavily stereotyped; and nowadays there are no black actors to speak of on Cuban television, which is easy to see by tuning in. [Alden Knight] is best - known for his performance poetry - especially that of Cuba's mulatto National Poet, the late Nicols Guill'en our kind of Langston Hughes, the two of them having been contemporaries and friends. He regrets that it makes little sense in 1995 to perform Guill'en's classic 1964 poem of social redemption for the black Cuban: "Tengo [I have] is the sum total of what was achieved in this country for blacks, for the poor... and now it's been lost. I have said that when that poem can be read again in all honesty. We shall have regained what we had won by the end of the 1960s. When we were poor but equal. She and her sisters - three doctors and a philologist who specializes on Africa - were known since they were little as the daughters of Lilliam and Unan Emilio. The four were born and raised in Santiago de Cuba, the island's second and most Caribbean city, renowned for its history of rebellion, heroism and hospitality, as well as its more predominantly black population.
98. The history of Afro Cuban Latin American music : singers, musicians, composers
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Sheldon,Harvey (Author)
- Format:
- Book, Whole
- Publication Date:
- 2010
- Published:
- Charleston, SC: BookSurge
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Notes:
- 772 p., George Gershwin introduced Afro Cuban Music in America in 1926. Xavier Cugat during the 1930's introduced The Rumba dance. Three great innovations based on Cuban music hit the USA after World War II: the first was Cubop, the latest Latin jazz fusion. The rumbustious conguero Chano Pozo was also important, for he introduced jazz musicians to basic Cuban rhythms. Cuban jazz has continued to be a significant influence. The mambo first entered the United States around 1950, though ideas had been developing in Cuba and Mexico City for some time.
99. `Unequal justice': Haiti vs. Cuba
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Strausberg,Chinta (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 2000-04-24
- Published:
- Chicago, IL
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Chicago Defender
- Journal Title Details:
- 252 : 1
- Notes:
- "In our Cold War fight with Castro, (we were) willing to subsidize Cubans to leave to come here and at the same time lock Haitians out. That is not fair, and we deserve a different policy," [Jesse L. Jackson Sr.] said. He said the U.S. pays to bring Cubans here, subsidizes them, but pays to send Haitians back to Haiti. "That's not fair," he stated. "Haiti fought for our freedom." "The Cubans are political refugees looking for political freedom, and they're given money to come, but, the Haitians are economic refugees so they must go back. There are more Haitians who've died... than Cubans," Jackson said calling for an end to the double standard of refugees between Cuba and Haitians seeking to come to America.
100. Black Cubans take issue with Cornel West
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Wickham,DeWayne (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- Jun 16-Jun 22, 2010
- Published:
- Miami, FL
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Miami Times
- Journal Title Details:
- 42 : 1A-1A,5A
- Notes:
- "I don't want to look arrogant, especially with [Cornel West]. But I believe he sat on the side of something he doesn't actually know," [Nancy Morejon] said of the open letter West and 59 other African Americans sent to Cuban President Raul Castro late last year. In it, they accused his government of mistreating civil rights activists and a "callous disregard" for its Black population. "Yes, there is racism in Cuba," Tomas Fernandez Robaina, a prolific writer about the social condition of Black Cubans, told me. The country "engaged in romanticism" when Castro ordered an end to racial discrimination nearly a half-century ago, Fernandez said. "Now we understand it will take more than goodwill to get rid of it, something Americans should know better than Cubans."