12 pages., Online via UI e-subscription., The author compiled restaurant sales and unit count estimates for 155 restaurant chains during 1981 through 1998. Unit-level sales and advertising expenditures were calculated by averaging annual system-wide totals by the number of units in operation during the year. Findings supported hypotheses that national advertising does not provide a positive return to advertising for many chain units and a larger proportion of chains exhibit a positive return to advertising at the system level than at the unit level.
7 pages., Online journal article via UI e-subscription. Co-published simultaneously in Mary-Lou Galician (ed.), Handbook of product placement in the mass media: new strategies in marketing theory, practice, trends, and ethics. Best Business Books., Executive director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest responds to questions about trends and public issues related to use of product placements in movies and television.
