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42. State of US farm operator livelihoods, the
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Burchfield, Emily K. (author), Schumacher, Britta L. (author), Spangler, Kaitlyn (author), and Rissing, Andrea (author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2022-02-21
- Published:
- Switzerland: Frontiers Media S.A.
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 206 Document Number: D12774
- Journal Title:
- Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
- Journal Title Details:
- V. 5
- Notes:
- 22pgs, In nine of the last 10 years, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has reported that the average funds generated on-farm for farm operators to meet living expenses and debt obligations have been negative. This paper pieces together disparate data to understand why farm operators in the most productive agricultural systems on the planet are systematically losing money. The data-driven narrative we present highlights some troubling trends in US farm operator livelihoods. Though US farms are more productive than ever before, rising input costs, volatile production values, and rising land rents have left farmers with unprecedented levels of farm debt, low on-farm incomes, and high reliance on federal programs. For many US farm operators, the indicators of a “good livelihood”—stability, security, equitable rewards for work—are largely absent. We conclude by proposing three axes of intervention that would help US agriculture better sustain all farmers' livelihoods, a crucial step toward improving overall agricultural sustainability: (1) increase the diversity of people, crops, and cropping systems, (2) improve equity in access to land, support, and capital, and (3) improve the quality, accessibility, and content of data to facilitate monitoring of multiple indicators of agricultural “success.”.
43. Suspended labor survey sows confusion over H-2A wage rates
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Karst, Tom (author)
- Format:
- Journal article
- Publication Date:
- 2020-10-08
- Published:
- USA
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 202 Document Number: D11958
- Journal Title:
- Packer
- Notes:
- Online from publication. 3 pages., Report of USDA decision to suspend a report used to set wages for guest workers in the H-2A program in 2021, with examples of responses and implications.
44. The blessings and burdens of communication: cellphones in Jamaican transnational social fields
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Horst, Heather A. (author)
- Format:
- Journal article
- Publication Date:
- unknown
- Published:
- USA
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 176 Document Number: C30132
- Journal Title:
- Global Networks
- Journal Title Details:
- Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 143-159.
- Notes:
- Published in 2006.
45. The intertemporal evolution of agriculture and labor over a rapid structural transformation: Lessons from Vietnam
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Liu, Yanyan (author), Barrett, Christopher B. (author), Pham, Trinh (author), and Violette, William (author)
- Format:
- Journal article
- Publication Date:
- 2020-07-01
- Published:
- USA: Elsevier
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 201 Document Number: D11867
- Journal Title:
- Food Policy
- Journal Title Details:
- Vol. 94
- Notes:
- 14 pages, via online journal, We combine nationally representative household and labor force survey data from 1992 to 2016 to provide a detailed description of rural labor market evolution and how it relates to the structural transformation of rural Vietnam, especially within the agricultural sector. Our study adds to the emerging literature on structural transformation in low-income countries using micro-level data and helps to answer several policy-related questions. We find limited employment creation potential of agriculture, especially for youth. Rural-urban real wage convergence has gone hand-in-hand with increased diversification of the rural economy into the non-farm sector nationwide and rapid advances in educational attainment in all sectors’ and regions’ workforce. Minimum wage laws seem to have played no significant role in increasing agricultural wages. This enhanced integration also manifests in steady attenuation of the longstanding inverse farm size-yield relationship. Farming has remained securely household-based and the family farmland distribution has remained largely unchanged. Small farm sizes have not obstructed mechanization nor the uptake of labor-saving pesticides, consistent with factor substitution induced by rising real wage rates. As rural households rely more heavily on the labor market, human capital accumulation (rather than land endowments) have become the key correlate of improvements in rural household well-being.
46. This is why farmers feel threatened by Biden, Congress
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Wilson, Mike (author)
- Format:
- Journal article
- Publication Date:
- 2021-03
- Published:
- USA
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 202 Document Number: D12148
- Journal Title:
- Farm Futures
- Notes:
- Online from publication 8 pages., Article highlights findings of a Farm Futures post-election survey among U.S. farmers. They show that nearly 90 percent of farmers believe taxes will go up under the Biden administration, 71% believe WOTUS will be overturned, and 22% believe markets will stabilize with a new trade strategy. "And four of every five farmers believe there will be less government ad hoc funds going to agriculture."
47. Trends and Characteristics of Occupational Suicide and Homicide in Farmers and Agriculture Workers, 1992-2010
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Ringgenberg, Wendy (author), Peek-Asa, Corinne (author), Donham, Kelley (author), Ramirez, Marizen (author), and University of Iowa
- Format:
- Online journal article
- Publication Date:
- 2017-05-02
- Published:
- United States: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 130 Document Number: D11279
- Journal Title:
- The Journal of Rural Health
- Journal Title Details:
- 34(3) : 246-253
- Notes:
- 8 pages., via online journal, OBJECTIVE: We examined work-related homicides and suicides among farm operators/workers in the United States from 1992 to 2010. METHODS: Work-related homicide and suicide cases from 1992 to 2010 were obtained from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. To calculate rates, denominator data on the US working population were also obtained from 2003 to 2010 Current Population Survey. Logistic regression was used to identify factors that were differentially associated with homicide and suicide. RESULTS: Over these 19 years, 171 farm operators/workers died from homicide and 230 died from suicide. When compared to rates of all workers, suicide rates were higher while homicide rates were lower among farm operators/workers. Males (OR = 6.1), whites (OR = 4.7), and 35- to 54-year-old (OR = 2.3) farm operators/workers had increased odds of suicide over homicide compared with their respective counterparts (ie, females, nonwhites, <35-year-olds). Those working in smaller farm operations with <11 employees had 1.7 times the odds of suicide over homicide. CONCLUSIONS: Suicide and homicide are both present in the agricultural industry, with suicide being more common than homicide. Translation of suicide prevention programs should be explored for the agricultural industry.
48. Trump plants seeds of rural revival with friendly farm audience
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Horsley, Scott (author)
- Format:
- Online article
- Publication Date:
- 2018-01-08
- Published:
- USA
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: D09267
- Notes:
- NPR: The Salt. 5 pages.
49. Understanding labour exploitation in the Spanish agricultural sector using an agent based approach
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Chesney, Thomas (author), Evans, Keith (author), Gold, Stefan (author), and Trautrims, Alexander (author)
- Format:
- Online journal article
- Publication Date:
- 2019-03
- Published:
- Spain: Science Direct
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 8 Document Number: D10298
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Cleaner Production
- Journal Title Details:
- 214 : 696-704
- Notes:
- 9 pages., Via online journal., Using an agent-based model we explore the model of slavery in modern business developed by Crane (2013). Taking the Spanish agricultural sector—specifically the area of Campo de Dalías in Almería where much of Europe's vegetables are grown—as a case, we find that labour exploitation flourishes in communities of like-minded companies that do not care about mainstream norms. We confirm which socio-economic aspects of labour demand/supply lead to slavery, while challenging the assumption that markets which are dominated by few employers are more prone to exploiting workers. We find that, regarding isolation and connectedness of employers, cluster effects and intense inter-employer communication are particularly effective drivers of underpayment if the cluster is homogenous in terms of wage level and if it is isolated from law-abiding employers. This means that employers tend to confirm and reinforce each other in their illegal behaviour, thus creating enclaves in which non-standard norms prevail and worker exploitation is regarded as legitimate. On the other hand, we see that breaking the isolation of employees among each other only increases pay levels if there are law-abiding employers, pointing to the potentially beneficial role social business and entrepreneurs, state-owned companies, or public entrepreneurs could play for transforming labour conditions of entire markets.
50. Use of model farmers proves effective in increasing safety practices among Navajo agricltural workers
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Format:
- summary report
- Publication Date:
- 2014-11
- Published:
- USA
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 140 Document Number: D05981
- Notes:
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. NIOSH Publication No. 2015-177. 3 pages.