This article elaborates on some important concepts in the matter of abortion, the issue of revelant legislation, and ends with pertinent recommendations. Adopting a bioethical perspective, the paper addresses the relevant issues and perspectives on abortion and argues for clarity of concepts and understanding of the context in which a woman is pregnant and considers abortion.
Tests for the relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth among some developing countries distributed between three geographic areas, over the period 1990-2005. Findings show that foreign direct investment do positively affect economic growth in Africa and Latin America/the Caribbean.
Our understanding of multiracial unity needs to go beyond notions of cultural and group rights, to embrace the challenges such unity has posed to the postcolonial status quo in the Anglophone Caribbean. The active creation of multiracial unity in specific political struggles has had a liberatory impact, but we also need to go beyond this to look at it vis-à-vis human relations more generally.
The only two electoral victories of multi-racial parties in Trinidad and Tobago and in Guyana are analyzed comparatively to determine the conditions of their success in the sharply racially competitive environments of both countries. The argument of the article is that new class formation in the context of "political openings" precipitated the rise of new class-political agendas that were able to promise developmental benefits to a wide section of the population. The new political classes were compositionally "the working population" in Guyana and the "professional middle class" in Trinidad and Tobago, which explains their extremely different developmental proposals.;
Recalls the revolution which occurs in Haiti in August 1791. It recounts that the liberation of the African Haitian people, establishment of the Haiti Republic and the end of the dreams of Napoleon for a French-American Empire in the West are the effects of the revolution. It tells that Haitians accomplish independence in Latin America, become the second independent nation in the Western hemisphere, and the first African American republic in the modern world due to their liberation.
This anthology celebrates these authors as Caribbean authors, who through their translated writing enable us to become "third listeners," eavesdropping on a Caribbean conversation." (Hilda van Neck-Yoder)
The purpose of the paper is to design and test a model which explains internal migration in Jamaica, based largely on the 1960 census. Suggests that urban migration was unrelated to the level of employment opportunities.
Looks at the attempts of the Communist international to organise amongst African and Caribbean workers in Europe, and particularly in France and Britain during the inter-war period. It locates these attempts within the overall objectives of the Comintern to organise all workers, to organise in the colonies and to address what was referred to at that time as the 'Negro Question' - that is the liberation of all those of African descent. The paper particularly highlights the role of communists of African and Caribbean origin and the organisations they formed.
Depression is a common condition among women in the United Kingdom. However, little is known about the context of depression among British African Caribbean women. This article offers a preliminary discussion regarding issues and information pertaining to depression among British African Caribbean women. Characteristics and symptoms of depression along with treatment issues will also be presented.
Investigates the Islamic heritage of the Maroon societies in Jamaica and the Islamic nature of the Baptist Rebellion which brought an end to slavery in Jamaica and in the British West Indies. The Maroons are the enslaved Muslims who took flight or ran away from plantations in Jamaica. An overview of the African diaspora in the Americas, including Jamaica and the West Indies is presented. The strong Islamic faith of the Maroons are manifested in their use of Qur'anic terms, Islamic salutation, Islamic governance, Muslim names and Islamic actions.
This essay seeks to cross temporal, scalar, and disciplinary boundaries while revisiting tropes of queer invisibility that mark representations of same-sex desire in the Caribbean. Cycling from the world described in the 1901 erotic novel Une nuit d'orgie à Saint-Pierre, Martinique to field notes taken in 2010 among men who frequent Les Salines, this essay unites, in a provisional way, a scattered archive of same-sex desire on the island, while relating these desires critically to place.
The main objective of this paper is to present and analyze a fairly comprehensive and reliable set of data on personal income distribution in Trinidad and to compare those findings with those for Jamaica.
The main objective of this paper is to present and analyze a fairly comprehensive and reliable set of data on income distribution in Jamaica. Jamaican households ranking in the top 20 percent in income commanded 61.5 percent of income, and those in the bottom 20 percent only 2.2 percent.
Explores the pros and cons of postcolonial criticism through a zombie, a sensationalized symbol of Afro-Antillean bondage. How reworking the zombie in various cultural and political contexts lays bare the pleasures and perils of postcolonialism; Information on the novel Beso de la mujer araña, by Manuel Puig; Description of the book Wild Saragasso Sea, by Jean Rhys; Discussion on the book The Famished Road, by Ben Okri.;
This article presents an introduction to essays on the book Beyond the Melting Pot. The essays were originally presented at a symposium at the 1998 annual meeting of the Eastern Sociological Society. The essays touch on many points in the immigration landscape today, from immigration's impacts on African Americans to immigration transnationalism, and identify a number of continuities and discontinuities between contemporary metropolis and that of nearly four decades ago. Further, Nathan Glazer's response provides his reflections on how well the book's portrait and predictions have held u
The heterosexual family has become naturalized as an aspect of the state's struggle for legitimacy during decolonization. Influencing views of Black masculinity, this has led to the criminalization of homosexuality
Explores ethno-political identity in the English-speaking Caribbean & its Diasporas. Although being black was non-problematic in the early days of decolonization when most of the population was black, immigrants to European & North American cities where whites were the majority often suffered discrimination, a decline in social status, & a life filled with resentment. Following independence, ex-dentured East Indians, Chinese, Syrians, & light-skinned creoles in the Caribbean began to reassess their "blackness" & lighter skinned people were granted privileges not available to darker-skinned citizens. Meanwhile, black leaders who accepted the logic of capitalism ignored class critiques of capitalist structures of exploitation.
This article deals with the question of ethnic political entrepreneurship in Trinidad. It treats the ethnic entrepreneur as a political operator who has a clear agenda, which is pursued via ethnic means. Though often disguised, the concerns of ethnic entrepreneurs are class concerns and they have definite economic and/or political goals. Two groups of such operators in the Trinidad context are the black nationalists or Afrocentrists and the Hindu nationalists or those who embrace the ideology of Hindutva. Leaders of both groups are seen as pursuing a form of ethnic nationalism that eschews class analysis, that plays upon peoples' insecurities, and that embraces a great deal of myth. Among other things, ethnic entrepreneurs traffic in social divisions, seek to manipulate the emotions of their followers, and carefully avoid any critical, intellectual engagement of the issues involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR];
Reviews the book "Berg Encyclopedia of World Dress and Fashion," volume 2, entitled "Latin America and the Caribbean," edited by Margot Blum Schevill, Blenda Femenías, and Lynn Meisch.
Examines the role of successive intraregional migrations on the construction of cultural identity in Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles. The author analyzes the Afro-Dutch experience within the broader canvas of Caribbean migration studies, and thus brings a broader diasporic perspective to current research of identity and culture, with particular reference to Curaçao. Through migrations, the island has incorporated different kinds of musical expressions of the region. Of all cultural forms, music provides an ideal opportunity to explore cultural exchanges within and beyond diasporas. Curaçao therefore offers a rare window for viewing the role of intraregional migrations in the formation of discourses on diaspora and cultural identity. Migration studies that look only at the modern transnationalistic diapora obscure the deeply rooted significance of migration on Afro-diasporic identity within the Caribbean and the cultural identity of specific island societies. Intraregional migration movements both past and present profoundly influenced the cultural identity of Curaçao and its diasporic historical vision. Curaçaoan cultural identity has not been solely shaped by the internal dynamics of a merging of African and European cultures, but also intraCaribbean interactions of the descendants of enslaved Africans.
"First let me congratulate UNESCO, UNICA and UWI for taking the initiative to host this Conference, and let me say how much I have enjoyed the enthusiastic advocacy for this field by Ms. Helene-Marie Gosselin of UNESCO. Her quarterly reports on Education and HIV/AIDS are a joy to read, both for substance and method of presentation. I also wish to congratulate Professor Kochhar and PVC Hamilton of the University of the West Indies for their work in organizing the conference...."
History has produced a myriad of cultural overlays in the Caribbean and the adjacent region of South America, a legacy of centuries of intrusion by rival European empires and the consequent sporadic exchange between the European invaders of the various local territories and peoples they claimed to control. The result is a mixture of peoples, languages, religions, and all other aspects of human culture, reflected in enrichment of the respective European and African languages involved, as well as in creation of new hybrid languages. It is in this context that one can speak of "Caribbean" literature and art from Suriname and the Netherlands.
"In this paper we shall discuss population dynamics (fertility, mortality, migration) in Haiti.... In addition, we will review findings from recent small-scale micro-surveys which give further insights into factors affecting fertility and mortality. In concluding we will consider recent developments in Haitian family planning programmes and their potential impact on future of population trends." (authors)
Blacks; Women; Brazil; South America; Book reviews; PERRY, Keisha-Kkan Y; BLACK Women Against the Land Grab: The Fight for Racial Justice in Brazil (Book)
Analyzes current urban governance policies and the spatial politics of resistance embraced by communities under siege in Brazil. Space matters not only in terms of defining one's access to the polis, but also as a deadly tool through which police killings, economic marginalization, and mass incarceration produce the very geographies (here referred to as 'the black necropolis') that the state aims to counteract in its war against the black urban poor.
Features German Arciniegas, Colombian historian and essayist. How Arciniegas honor universally as `Man of the Americas'; His personality; Remarks of some writers about the books of Arciniegas; His view on America; Former occupation and educational background of Arciniegas; His first book.;
Examines the impact of remittances on the schooling of children in various Haitian communities with a high incidence of out-migration. In some communities remittances raise school attendance for all children regardless of whether they have household members abroad. In other communities this effect is observed only among children living in households that do not experience any family out-migration.
Discusses the relationship between economic conditions and discourses surrounding partner choice in Cuba. Holds that economic changes caused by the collapse of the Soviet Union have necessitated strategies economic survival which differ from previously-held ideals of romantic partnerships. Suggests that anxieties surrounding changes in gender and kinship relations also reflect broader concerns about Cuba's social and economic hierarchies and the future of socialism.
Landslides pose a serious physical and environmental threat to vulnerable communities living in areas of unplanned housing on steep slopes in the Caribbean. Some of these communities have, in the past, had to be relocated, at costs of millions of dollars, because of major slides triggered by tropical storm rainfall. Even so, evidence shows that: (1) risk reduction is a marginal activity; (2) there has been minimal uptake of hazard maps and vulnerability assessments and (3) there is little on-the-ground delivery of construction for risk reduction. This article directly addresses these issues by developing a low-cost approach to the identification of the potential pore pressure changes that trigger such slides.
Unplanned housing developments in vulnerable communities on steep tropical and subtropical hillslopes in many developing countries pose major problems. The authors present a new low-cost, community-based approach to landslide risk reduction and report on the successful pilot undertaken in the Skate Town community, Castries, St. Lucia, West Indies.
How do people respond to the news that they are HIV positive? To date, there have been few published qualitative studies of HIV diagnosis experiences, and none focusing on Caribbean people. Twenty-five HIV-positive Caribbean people in London, UK, related their diagnosis experience and its immediate aftermath in semi-structured interviews. Diagnosis with HIV caused profound shock and distress to participants, as they associated the disease with immediate death and stigmatisation. The respondents struggled with "biographical disruption", the radical disjuncture between life before and after diagnosis, which led them into a state of liminality, as they found themselves "betwixt and between" established structural and social identities. Respondents were faced with multifaceted loss: of their known self, their present life, their envisioned future and the partner they had expected to play a role in each of these. A minority of accounts suggest that the way in which healthcare practitioners delivered the diagnosis intensified the participants' distress. This research suggests that healthcare practitioners should educate patients in specific aspects of HIV transmission and treatment, and engage closely with them in order to understand their needs and potential reactions to a positive diagnosis. Adapted from the source document.
How do people respond to the news that they are HIV positive? To date, there have been few published qualitative studies of HIV diagnosis experiences, and none focusing on Caribbean people. Twenty-five HIV-positive Caribbean people in London, UK, related their diagnosis experience and its immediate aftermath in semi-structured interviews. Diagnosis with HIV caused profound shock and distress to participants, as they associated the disease with immediate death and stigmatisation. The respondents struggled with biographical disruption, the radical disjuncture between life before and after diagnosis, which led them into a state of liminality, as they found themselves betwixt and between established structural and social identities. Respondents were faced with multifaceted loss: of their known self, their present life, their envisioned future and the partner they had expected to play a role in each of these. A minority of accounts suggest that the way in which healthcare practitioners delivered the diagnosis intensified the participants' distress
There is an increasing incidence of new HIV-1 diagnoses among black Caribbeans in the UK, but there has been limited research in this area. The LIVITY study is the first in-depth epidemiological and behavioural study to examine the impact of HIV among black Caribbeans in the UK. The UK black Caribbean community has traditionally been regarded as less likely to participate in clinical research and surveys.
The article presents an examination into the history and influence of the Black community of Montevideo, Uruguay during the 19th and 20th centuries. Details are given noting how the African community of Montevideo became a powerful cultural and advocacy hub for the African diaspora in Latin America. Description is provided regarding the various racial identity issues which manifested themselves in the Uruguayan community during the period along with analysis of the means by which they were addressed such as African journalism, social institutionalism and other forms of cultural production.
El artículo estudia el proceso histórico mediante el cual la música y la danza provenientes de África y Europa se mezclaron en los llamados "ritmos nacionales", configurando las identidades nacionales en América Latina. Este proceso implicó en cada país complejas negociaciones en asuntos de raza, etnicidad, género y clase social. A manera de ejemplo, el autor profundiza en el ritmo nacional conocido como el candombe uruguayo, pieza central del Carnaval anual de Montevideo desde mediados de 1800. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR];
Discusses various reports including an analysis of the writings of African-Caribbean writer Anne Hart Gilbert, the plantation as a crucial source of difficult affective memory, and sexuality in fiction by Caribbean authors Opal Palmer Adisa and Erna Brodber.
Attempts to develop ideas concerning the gendering of creolisation and a historicising of affects within it. Addressing affects as 'physiological things' contextualized in the history of the Caribbean slave plantation,seeks to delineate a trajectory and development of a specific Creole history in relation to affects.
This paper utilizes both narrative analysis and statistical techniques in an investigation of the principle of cumulative causation to explain underdevelopment, relative poverty and spatial disparities on Hispaniola. The events that explain this process in the underdevelopment of Hispaniola have resulted in a tragically downward spiral in Haiti, placing its future in great peril. The Dominican Republic is relatively better off than its neighbor; however, the shortage of basic services, poverty and malnutrition are quite prevalent in the Dominican Republic.
Haiti's election debacle of November 28 can be directly linked to the 1991 and 2004 coups. The political upheaval in both cases allowed the de facto president to unilaterally select members of the electoral council, bypassing constitutional provisions requiring popular representation. The result this time: the arbitrary banning of 14 political parties, including Haiti's largest and most representative, the Fanmi Lavalas party of ousted, exiled former president Jean-Bertrand Aristide.
In Apr 2009, shortly after taking office, Pres Barack Obama signaled that he was open to a new dialogue with Cuba. At remarks delivered at the Summit of the Americas in Trinidad and Tobago, the President said that the US seeks a new beginning with Cuba. Earlier that year, then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton had welcomed an offer for talks from Cuban President Raul Castro, who took over duties from his ailing brother Fidel Castro in 2006 and subsequently was elected president by the Cuban National Assembly in 2008. Castro reportedly said that he was willing "discuss anything" with the US Government. Here, the US-Cuba policy is discussed. Adapted from the source document.
Considers the second part of Eric Williams book Capitalism and Slavery, where he argues that "Britain's changing attitude to slavery and the slave trade was essentially a function of her changing economic situation and interest." Looks at the Williams' "interpretation of Pitt's conduct, of the abolition of the British slave trade in 1807, and of Palmerston and the suppression of the foreign slave trade."
"For the governments of the small, English-speaking island nations of the Caribbean, the traditional concept of national security has less meaning in light of post-Cold War realities. These are countries set in the Caribbean Sea, with minimal defense forces, and no boundary disputes. For them, currents assessments of national security demonstrate clearly and forcefully that the threats they face 'are nontraditional, multidimensional, and international in nature'."
