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    2. Citizens, consumers and farm animal welfare: A meta-analysis of willingness-to-pay studies

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    Collection:
    Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
    Contributers:
    Clark, Beth (author), Stewart, Gavin B. (author), Panzone, Luca A. (author), Kyriazakis, Ilias (author), and Frewer, Lynn J. (author)
    Format:
    Online journal article
    Publication Date:
    2017-04
    Published:
    USA: Elsevier
    Location:
    Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 5 Document Number: D10194
    Journal Title:
    Food Policy
    Journal Title Details:
    68: 112-127
    Notes:
    16 pages., via online journal, The sustainable intensification of animal production systems is increasing as a consequence of increased demand for foods originating from animals. Production diseases are particularly endemic in intensive production systems, and can negatively impact upon farm animal welfare. There is an increasing need to develop policies regarding animal production diseases, sustainable intensification, and animal welfare which incorporate consumer priorities as well as technical assessments of farm animal welfare. Consumers and/or citizens may have concerns about intensive production systems, and whether animal production disease represent a barrier to consumer acceptance of their increased use. There is a considerable body of research focused on consumer willingness-to-pay (WTP) for improved animal welfare. It is not clear how this relates specifically to a preference for reduced animal production disease incidence in animal production systems. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to establish the publics’ WTP for farm animal welfare, with a focus on production diseases which arise in intensive systems. Systematic review methodology combined with data synthesis was applied to integrate existing knowledge regarding consumer WTP for animal welfare, and reduced incidence of animal production diseases. Multiple databases were searched to identify relevant studies. A screening process, using a set of pre-determined inclusion criteria, identified 54 studies, with the strength of evidence and uncertainty for each study being assessed. A random effects meta-analysis was used to explore heterogeneity in relation to a number of factors, with a cumulative meta-analysis conducted to establish changes in WTP over time. The results indicated a small, positive WTP (0.63 standard deviations) for farm animal welfare varying in relation to a number of factors including animal type and region. Socio-demographic characteristics explained the most variation in the data. An evidence gap was highlighted in relation to reduced WTP for specific production diseases associated with the intensification of production, with only 4 of the 54 studies identified being related to this. A combination of market and government based policy solutions appears to be the best solution for improving farm animal welfare standards in the future, enabling the diverse public preferences to be taken into consideration.

    3. Consumer preferences for pig welfare – can the market accommodate more than one level of welfare pork?

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    Collection:
    Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
    Contributers:
    Denver, Sigrid (author), Sandøe, Peter (author), and Christensen, Tove (author)
    Format:
    Online journal article
    Publication Date:
    2017-07
    Published:
    USA: Elsevier
    Location:
    Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 4 Document Number: D10175
    Journal Title:
    Meat Science
    Journal Title Details:
    129:140-146
    Notes:
    7 pages., via online journal, The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the market potential of pork labelled to indicate medium and high levels of animal welfare. The paper asks, in particular, whether there is a risk that Danish consumers will abandon high level welfare pork if less expensive products with a medium level of animal welfare became avail-able. The study was based on an online questionnaire with a choice experiment involving 396 Danish respondents. The results indicated that the Danish market could accommodate more than one pork product with a welfare label but the price differential separating medium and high level animal welfare pork will have to be quite narrow. In addition, full willingness-to-pay of consumers who want to buy high level welfare pork cannot be relied upon to incentivise new consumers to buy medium welfare pork. Further, raising brand awareness in the shopping situation and improving consumer's understanding of brand attributes for high level welfare brands were found to be vital.

    4. Customer experience with farmers' markets: what hashtags can reveal

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    Collection:
    Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
    Contributers:
    Pilai, Ladislav (author), Balcarova, Tereza (author), Rojik, Stanislav (author), Ticha, Ivana (author), and Polakova, Jana (author)
    Format:
    Journal article
    Publication Date:
    2018
    Published:
    International
    Location:
    Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 12 Document Number: D10413
    Journal Title:
    International Food and Agribusiness Management Review
    Journal Title Details:
    21(6) : 754-770
    Notes:
    Social media networks are increasing in popularity and have been integrated into many aspects of daily life. Analysis of the ways in which individuals use social media is important for understanding social, cultural, and environmental issues. This study examines experiences of farmers’ market customers through their self- expression on social networks. Contributions to the Instagram social network based on the #farmersmarket hashtag were gathered on a single day, yielding 19,398 contributions created by 13,862 users. Six major linked hashtags were identified (#Organic, #Fresh, #Food, #Local, #Vegan, and #Healthy), providing key indicators of the characteristics of farmers’ markets that are valued by customers. Four customer segments were identified: Product Oriented, Emotional Oriented, Social Oriented, and Product-Social Oriented, with strong interconnections identified between these communities. The results of this study provide insights into consumer values and behaviors in the farmers’ market context and will be of practical use for future marketing and management.

    6. Fruit, vegetable consumption is eroding, new research shows

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    Collection:
    Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
    Contributers:
    Sowder, Amy (author)
    Format:
    Journal article
    Publication Date:
    2021-02
    Published:
    USA
    Location:
    Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 202 Document Number: D12121
    Journal Title:
    Packer
    Notes:
    Via online issue. 3 pages., Results of a 2020 study by the Produce for Better Health Foundation indicate that fruit and vegetable consumption in the U.S. has declined almost 10 percent since 2004.

    9. Meeting heterogeneity in consumer demand for animal welfare: a reflection on existing knowledge and implications for the meat sector

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    Collection:
    Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
    Contributers:
    De Jonge, Janneke (author) and van Trijp, Hans C. M. (author)
    Format:
    Online journal article
    Publication Date:
    2012-11-01
    Published:
    USA: Springer
    Location:
    Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 152 Document Number: D10151
    Journal Title:
    Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics
    Journal Title Details:
    26 : 629–661
    Notes:
    33 pages., Via online journal., The legitimacy of the dominant intensive meat production system with respect to the issue of animal welfare is increasingly being questioned by stakeholders across the meat supply chain. The current meat supply is highly undifferentiated, catering only for the extremes of morality concerns (i.e., conventional vs. organic meat products). However, a latent need for compromise products has been identified. That is, consumer differences exist regarding the trade-offs they make between different aspects associated with meat consumption. The heterogeneity in consumer demand could function as a starting point for market segmentation, targeting and positioning regarding animal welfare concepts that are differentiated in terms of animal welfare and price levels. Despite this, stakeholders in the meat supply chain seem to be trapped in the dominant business model focused on low cost prices. This paper aims to identify conflicting interests that stakeholders in the meat supply chain experience in order to increase understanding of why heterogeneous consumer preferences are not met by a more differentiated supply of meat products produced at different levels of animal welfare standards. In addition, characteristics of the supply chain that contribute to the existence of high exit barriers and difficulty to shift to more animal-friendly production systems are identified. Following the analysis of conflicting interests among stakeholders and factors that contribute to difficulty to transform the existing dominant regime, different routes are discussed that may help and motivate stakeholders to overcome these barriers and stimulate the creation of new markets.

    10. Nine culture shift predictions for 2021

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    Collection:
    Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
    Contributers:
    Hitch, Emilie (author / Vice-president, Broadhead)
    Format:
    Commentary
    Publication Date:
    2020-12
    Published:
    USA: Broadhead Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota
    Location:
    Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 202 Document Number: D11994
    Notes:
    4 pages, Via online from Broadhead website. 5 pages., Applied anthropologist offers predictions for a new culture state in a post-pandemic world. Among them: food access reimagined, transparency and traceability in the hands of consumers, expanded definition of "health" and shifting from protest to policy.