Presented at a conference on "Changing Patterns in the Caribbean," University of Wichita, June 13, 1961., "We are interested not only in the size of population in the Caribbean area at present, but in the rates of population increase. In the West Indies, the highest birth rates (40 and over per thousand population) are found in islands which include about 23 percent of the population (the Windward Islands, Dominican Republic, Trinidad, the Leewards, Guadeloupe, and Martinique). Birth rates that intermediates for the West Indies (35 to 37) are found in 41 percent of the region's population (Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Jamaica, and Haiti). The lowest level of fertility in the West Indies (33 or less) is found in 36 percent of the Caribbean population (Cuba, Barbados, and the Netherlands Antilles)."