Pages 264-267 in Ian Scoones and John Thompson (eds.), Farmer First revisited: innovation for agricultural research and development. Practical Action Publishing, Warwickshire, U.K. 357 pages., "The 'technological treadmill has obviously failed to reduce rural poverty, especially in Africa." - " Agricultural research institutes and universities are often dominated by agricultural economists and natural scientists, who typically do not consider the behaviour of real people and social processes as part of their mandate." Authors call for more collaboration involving social scientists.