Pages 353-368 in James Flynn, Paul Slovic and Howard Kunreuther (eds), Risk, media and stigma: understanding public challenges to modern science and technology. Earthscan Publications Ltd., London, England. 399 pages., Discussion about "stigma" includes reference to consumer reactions in the Alar Scare of 1989 that involved a program on CBS "60 Minutes" indicating that Alar chemical used in apple production can cause cancer.