Kerry J. Byrnes Collection, International Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, Alabama. 7 pages., The use of the Guttman-type scale of community differentiation provides a means to measure the community environment which, although lying beyond the farm, nevertheless influences the farmer's decision making.
Dinar, Ariel (author / Research Associate, Department of Agricultural Economics and Management, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; Researcher, Department of R&D Economics, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan, Israel)
Format:
Journal article
Publication Date:
1989-05
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 84 Document Number: C05389
AGRICOLA IND 89046598, Provision of and request for extension services are simultaneously determined by economic, social, and policy variables. This paper examines the allocation of extension services provided to settlements in terms of a demand-supply model using data from Israel. Results suggest that the amount of extension provided affects the request for extension and vice versa. Other variables influencing the amount of extension services provided and requested are structure, scale, and age of the settlement and its distance from the extension center. The role of a settlement coordinator is of great importance in determining the amount of services provided.
7 pages., via online journal article, The complexities of Melanesian customary land tenure greatly influence the adoption of community-based reforestation (CBR) in Papua New Guinea (PNG). CBR has recently become a focus for the PNG government due to declining yield from native forests which has renewed attention on developing timber plantations to augment villagers' livelihoods. In this paper, we investigate the factors which affect adoption of timber tree-growing by farmers and communities. We assess the efficacy of a policy frequently employed by non-government organisations (NGOs) in which single or multi-clan based seedling nurseries are used to encourage tree growing. A key finding is that people's need for technical assistance is subordinate to social and cultural factors, principally the need for community harmony. Farmers' motivation to plant trees is adversely influenced by uncertainties inherent in PNG's system of customary land tenure. Interventions – in this case extension assistance to grow trees – may create or exacerbate intra- and inter-clan conflict by bringing long term uncertainties into short term focus. For villagers in PNG, as in other cultures, we conclude that key enabling conditions for collective action revolve around strengthening villagers' bridging social capital in a manner which is sensitive to their longstanding social traditions. Targeted, do-it-yourself, family assistance may be as effective as attempts to encourage collective action. The implications of our findings for Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) which envisages a participatory approach to community engagement, are that cross-community initiatives may not be feasible without extensive investment in building social capital. Initiatives targeted at families or family-groups may be most successful.
Rangaswami, G. (author / Vice-Chancellor, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India) and Vice-Chancellor, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
Format:
Journal article
Publication Date:
1975
Published:
India
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 43 Document Number: B05040
