This paper describes the rationale for a change from conventional extension towards participatory innovation development and extension. The "Conservation Tillage Project" and the "Food Security Project" developed such an approach and have embarked on institutionalisation of this approach into the agricultural extension service in Masvingo Province in Zimbabwe. Dialogue with farmers, farmer experimentation and the strengthening ofself-organisational capacities of rural communities are the major elements to improve development and spreading of innovations, thus the efficiency of extension. The new approach requires a role change of agricultural extension workers from teacher to facilitator as well as appropriate methods and tools. Elements of "Training for Transformation" and Participatory Rural Appraisal(PRA) were tested and developed and were found to be effective tools. The strategy to institutionalise participatory extension is based on joining efforts and networking with other organisations, a campaign to familiarise institutional staff and a training and follow-up programme for staff in the framework of organisational development. The experiences show that the attitudinal change required to implement participatory approaches is highly depended on personalities. To have an impact on the change of attitudes a continuous medium-term training process with a close follow-up is required. The paper concludes that institutionalisation of participatory approaches into hierarchically structured organisations is a highly complex intervention. In order to besuccessful, major changes in planning, implementation and monitoring and evaluation procedures are required. Changes of that nature require a process of at least 5 to 10 years and high commitment on the side of institutional staff on all levels and donors as well.
13 pages, via online journal, In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in farming systems research (FSR) as a means of getting formal research and extension systems to work with and respond to the needs of resource-poor farmers. However, the results of many FSR programmes have been disappointing. This paper reviews a number of ‘successful’ FSR activities and argues that the development and use of research approaches and methods cannot be separated from the political, economic and institutional context in which they were developed and used. A closer examination of some of the new FSR methods shows that an understanding of the specific context in which these activities were developed and used is essential to understanding the potential relevance of the methods/approaches to other circumstances. A lack of an historical perspective concerning the source and advocacy of new FSR approaches and methods is one of the reasons why many FSR programmes in the past have given rise to disappointing results.
Rajasekaran, B. (author / Department of Agricultural Education and Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011)
Format:
Report
Publication Date:
1994
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 97 Document Number: C07944
Notes:
abstracted from Ph.D. thesis, 1993; search through volume, In: Jacquelyn Deeds and Demetria Ford, eds. Summary of Research in Extension (1992-1993). Mississippi State, MS: Department of Agricultural Education and Experimental Statistics, Mississippi State University, July 1994. p. 118
Allen, Philip Bryan (author / Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN)
Format:
Report
Publication Date:
1994
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 97 Document Number: C07924
Notes:
abstracted from M.S. thesis, 1993; search through volume, In: Jacquelyn Deeds and Demetria Ford, eds. Summary of Research in Extension (1992-1993). Mississippi State, MS: Department of Agricultural Education and Experimental Statistics, Mississippi State University, July 1994. p. 45
search through journal, Many farmers view with skepticism the dominant agricultural research and extension education model, in which knowledge on farming practices is developed by researchers and delivered through extension programs. The participatory research and education model is designed to support a shared vision of research and education as a learning process among partners working in community. The participatory model is offered as a way to achieve better communication and enhanced cooperation among farmers, researchers and extension educators. (original)
Cross, Timothy L. (author), Dobbins, Craig L. (author), Fuller, Earl I. (author), and King, Robert P. (author)
Format:
Guide
Publication Date:
1994
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 94 Document Number: C07180
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Minnesota, 1994. 38 p. (Station Bulletin 604-1994; North Central Regional Research Publication 337).
Batte, Marvin T. (author / Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH)
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1994
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 98 Document Number: C08040
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, In: The Information Age: what it means for extension and its constituents. Columbia, MO: Cooperative Extension Service, University of Missouri, 1994. (Proceedings of a North Central Region Extension workshop for marketing and management specialists, May 24-26, 1994, St. Louis, MO.) p. 11-22
Blackburn, Donald J. (author), Flaherty, Joan (author), and Blackburn: Professor, Department of Rural Studies, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Canada; Flaherty: Adult Training Consultant and Editor
Format:
Book chapter
Publication Date:
1994
Published:
International
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: C07355
Notes:
sustainability, See C07353 for original, In: Donald J. Blackburn (ed.) Extension Handbook: Processes and Practices, 2nd edition, 1994. Toronto, Canada: Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. p. 8-17
Findlay, Henry J. (author), Morris, Carlton E. (author), Oben, Mercy (author), Zabawa, Robert (author), and Vocational and Extension Education, Tuskegee University, Alabama
Format:
Journal article
Publication Date:
1993
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 93 Document Number: C06984
Ashby, Jacqueline A. (author), Garcia, Teresa (author), Guerrero, Maria del Pilar (author), and Cali, Colombia : CIAT (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical), 1993. 129 p.
Format:
Book
Publication Date:
1993
Published:
International
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 99 Document Number: C08400
Doster, D. Howard (author), Musser, Wesley G. (author), Ortmann, Gerald F. (author), Patrick, George F. (author), and Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN; Agricultural Economics, University of Natal, South Africa; Agricultural Economics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN
Format:
Journal article
Publication Date:
1993
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 94 Document Number: C07237
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 96 Document Number: C07634
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, In: Macdonald, June F., ed. Agricultural biotechnology: a public conversation about risk. Ithaca, NY: National Agricultural Biotechnology Council, 1993. p. 65-72
Hossain, Muhabub (author / International Rice Research Institute) and International Rice Research Institute
Format:
Conference proceedings
Publication Date:
1993
Published:
International
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 96 Document Number: C07679
Notes:
Evans; winner, Golden ARC award 1994; see C07676 for original;, Theodore Hutchcroft Collection, In: Food comes first for Asia. Parkville, Australia: Crawford Fund for International Agricultural Research, 1993. (Proceedings of Australia-IRRI Day, 16 April, 1993). p. 25-30.
Gwin, Paul H. (author), Lionberger, Herbert F. (author), and Professor Emeritus, Department of Rural Sociology, University of Missouri ; Professor Emeritus, Extension Eduction, University of Missouri
Format:
Book
Publication Date:
1991-08
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 88 Document Number: C06038
Notes:
Ham, Columbia, MO: University of Missouri, 2nd ed., 1991. 189 p.
Bruening, Thomas H. (author), Radhakrishna, Rama B. (author), Rollins, Timothy J. (author), and Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Penn State University, University Park, PA
Format:
Journal article
Publication Date:
1991
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 87 Document Number: C05928
Box. L. (author), Van Dusseldorp, D.B.W.M. (author), and Department of Sociology of Rural Development, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands
Format:
Journal article
Publication Date:
1990-12
Published:
Netherlands
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 94 Document Number: C07182
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 82 Document Number: C04871
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, In: Paul D. Warner and Raymond Campbell, eds. Proceedings of a Regional Workshop on Agricultural and Community Development Interface, October 8-11, 1989, Williamsburg, VA. Mississippi State, MI: Southern Rural Development Center, 1990. (SRDC Publication No. 131) p. 53-60.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 199 Document Number: D09928
Notes:
NCR-90 Collection, From Document D09924, "Department of agricultural journalism University of Wisconsin-Madison: Faculty and graduate student research, 1990". Pages 5-6.
Benson, F.J. (author), Kenkel, P.L. (author), Smith, J.L. (author), and Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Kentucky.
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1990
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 93 Document Number: C06916
Notes:
AGRICOLA IND 91023364, In: Zazueta, Fedro S., ed. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs; 1990 January 31 - February 1; Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, FL. Gainesville, FL : Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, [1990]. p. 576-581
Omolayole, Michael O. (author / Chairman, Omolayole and Associates)
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1990
Published:
Nigeria
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 93 Document Number: C06878
Notes:
sustainability, see C06875 for complete proceedings, In: Lawani, S.M. and Odemwingie, T., eds. Media forum for agriculture : proceedings of the inauguration ceremony, IITA, Ibadan, April 9, 1990. Ibadan, Nigeria : International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, 1990. p. 15-17
Briscoe, Charles Buford (author / Winrock International, Arlington, VA)
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1990
Published:
International
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 88 Document Number: C06019
Notes:
In: Haugen, Christine; Medema, Lee; and Lantican, Celso B., eds. Multipurpose tree species research for small farms : strategies and methods : proceedings of an international conference held November 20-23, 1989 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Arlington, VA : Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development, 1990. p. 173-174
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 199 Document Number: D09929
Notes:
NCR-90 Collection, From Document D09924, "Department of agricultural journalism University of Wisconsin-Madison: Faculty and graduate student research, 1990". Page 6.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 93 Document Number: C07077
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection; Table of Contents and Conclusions, Brighton : Institute of Development Studies, Agriculture and Rural Problems. IDS Discussion Paper 256, 1989. 25 p.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 94 Document Number: C07248
Notes:
Gerry Walter, In: Private, non-mass media sources of agricultural information. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin (Ph.D. dissertation), 1989. p. 12-17
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 94 Document Number: C07141
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection; see also C07136, In: Report on ag communication research, Iowa State University. Prepared for NCR90 communication Research Meeting, October 25, 1989. Mimeograph. [p. 6-7]
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 94 Document Number: C07142
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, In: Report on ag communication research, Iowa State University. Prepared for NCR90 communication Research Meeting, October 25, 1989. Mimeograph. [p. 8-10]
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 93 Document Number: C07066
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, see C07062-C07070, In: W. Rivera and S. Schram (eds.) Agricultural Extension Worldwide. New York : Croom Helm, 1989. p. 137-148
McAllister, Jean (author) and Merrill-Sands, Deborah (author)
Format:
Report
Publication Date:
1988-09
Published:
International
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 93 Document Number: C07079
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection; Table of Contents and Summary, The Hague: International Service for National Agricultural Research, 1988. OFCOR Comparative Study Paper No. 1. 61 p.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 94 Document Number: C07136
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, In: Communication research in progress, Iowa State University. Presented to NCR-90 meeting, October 25-27, 1988. Mimeograph. p. 1-5
Osinga, Auke (author) and Schukking, Sije (author)
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1988
Published:
Finland
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 93 Document Number: C06965
Notes:
In: Proceedings of the VIth World Conference on Animal Production, Helsinki 1988. Helsinki, Finland : Finnish Animal Breeding Association, 1988. p. 271
