Subject Term: extension programs - Bibleaves Search Results

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1. Beer and biology, a perfect pairing: using beer to spread awareness about invasive species

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Nutile, Samuel (author), Simpson, Adam (author), Stahlman, Sara (author), and Beaty, Lynne E. (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2025-02-15
Published:: USA: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 209 Document Number: D13540
Journal Title:: The Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 63(1)
Notes:: 13 pages, Managing the spread of introduced invasive species relies on educating recreationists that currently or potentially harbor such species. By partnering with a local brewery, we developed the Lagers for Lakes Draft Series to facilitate outreach about aquatic invasive species in Erie, Pennsylvania. To date, Lagers for Lakes drafts and associated launch events have reached over 230 individuals and increased awareness of invasive species by 86%. With the materials provided here and the lessons learned from these events, we hope similar outreach efforts can be developed elsewhere to educate and minimize the spread of invasive species.

2. Findings from a national assessment to support implementation of cooperative extension’s 2021 national framework for health equity and well-being

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Charbonneau, Diana (author), Gabbert, Kerry (author), O'Neal, LaToya (author), Burton, Dawn E. (author), Jones, Maggie (author), Katzman, Kate (author), and Rennekamp, Roger (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2025-02-15
Published:: USA: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 209 Document Number: D13536
Journal Title:: The Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 63(1)
Notes:: 11 pages, Cooperative Extension’s National Framework for Health Equity and Well-Being provides a roadmap for improving the health of communities. Core concepts include installing health equity a systemwide value and catalyzing community-level changes that ensure all people have an opportunity to be as healthy as they can. This article presents findings from a national readiness assessment for implementing the Framework across Extension. Results from a literature scan, national survey, and regional listening sessions identified internal facilitators and barriers to adoption. The article provides ideas for how Extension practitioners can engage in this work and shares an action plan developed from assessment results.

3. Proof of concept: leveraging large language models for qualitative analysis of participant feedback

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Crocker, Andrew B. (author), Schmidt, Marcelo (author), Tejeda, Juan Diego (author), and Rodriguez-Mori, Howard (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2025-02-15
Published:: USA: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 209 Document Number: D13541
Journal Title:: The Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 63(1)
Notes:: 11 pages, This proof-of-concept study explores the innovative application of Large Language Models (LLMs) for qualitative analysis of feedback from an Extension program, addressing the challenge of efficiently analyzing qualitative data. The study juxtaposes traditional human-led qualitative analysis with Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven techniques, revealing the complementary strengths of human insights and AI efficiency. It underscores the potential of LLMs to enhance qualitative analysis while recognizing the need for human oversight to ensure depth and context accuracy. This research contributes to the fields of program evaluation and data analysis, offering a new paradigm for integrating advanced AI tools in qualitative research.

4. The new American farmer – extension engagement with urban agriculture and food systems

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Crider, Margaux S. (author), Vick, K.C. (author), Young, Jeffery A. (author), Breazeale, Nicole D. (author), Jones, Kenneth R. (author), and Zimmerman, Julie N. (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2025-02-15
Published:: USA: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 209 Document Number: D13542
Journal Title:: The Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 63(1)
Notes:: 20 pages, Extension’s evolving role in urban food production will require intensive reflexivity and ongoing collaboration. Extension educators around the country have already made progress in engaging with both the social and horticultural sides of urban agriculture. Designed appropriately, urban food systems hold the potential for healthy food access, community and environmental resilience, and economic prosperity (Rangarajan & Riordan 2019). Moving forward, we offer recommendations for Extension staff to apply within their institutions and beyond. Specifically, we urge Extension to prioritize the following: 1) mediate the rural/urban dichotomy, 2) tackle structural and institutional power dynamics, and 3) intensify strategies for community resilience.

5. Lessons learned for engaging Latino families in community-based programs

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Peralta, Alejandro Reyes (author), Choque,Ghaffar Ali Hurtado (author), Reicks, Marla (author), Alvarez de Davila, Silvia (author), and Soltani, Darya (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2023-09-22
Published:: USA: Clemson University Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 206 Document Number: D12967
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: V.61, Iss.2
Notes:: 4 pages, A family-skills program for Latino fathers and youth was implemented to prevent youth obesity. Lessons learned focused on practices to address barriers to engagement and retention among fathers and youth within the Latino community. Program development issues included selection of organizations, facilitators, language, and delivery methods. Implementation issues included timing and location. Cultural issues regarding learner needs, and teaching and implementation methods need to be considered. Using the lessons learned, Extension professionals can create impactful programs that engage and retain Latino fathers and youth.

6. Time, money, or knowledge: what factors are associated with implementing youth cooking programs?

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Berg, Alison C. (author), Taylor, Nancy O. (author), Brown, Courtney S. (author), and Giraudo, Silvia Q. (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2023-09-20
Published:: USA: Clemson University Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 206 Document Number: D12965
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: V.61, Iss.2
Notes:: 11 pages, Research suggests participating in youth hands-on cooking programs, like those offered by Extension and 4-H, can improve nutrition behaviors and reduce the risk for obesity. We surveyed [STATE] Extension professionals (n = 127) to explore factors (e.g., employee characteristics, resources, county demographics) related to offering youth hands-on cooking programs and curricula used. Over 2/3 of participants offer programs and reported creating their own curriculum. More years of experience, having received Extension Specialist training, and increased confidence were positively related to offering these programs. Results suggest training could increase confidence and program implementation and standard curricula may be needed.

7. State agriculture officials call for investment in apprenticeship programs and agricultural literacy to ensure a future agricultural workforce

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: National Association of State Departments of Agriculture (author)
Format:: Press release
Publication Date:: 2023-09-13
Published:: USA: National Association of State Departments of Agriculture
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 206 Document Number: D12957
Notes:: 3 pages

8. The future of extension programming post-pandemic: the need for diverse approaches

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Zimbroff, Andrew (author)
Format:: Commentary
Publication Date:: 2023-08-22
Published:: USA: Clemson University Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 206 Document Number: D12928
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 61, N.2
Notes:: 4 pages, The Covid-19 pandemic has been highly disruptive to Extension programming. Online programming has emerged as one of the primary approaches for maintaining engagement with the communities and populations Extension serves. Some have even suggested that it might become the default programming method, even after it is safe to return to in-person programming. In this commentary, I discuss some of the current limitations and challenges inherent in online-only programming -- ones that are often overlooked by Extension personnel. Further, I discuss key factors that Extension personnel should take into account when considering online programming for any future professional efforts.

9. The development of a backyard composting project through community engagement

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Scully, Donald J. (author), Young, Jeffrey A. (author), Hains, Bryan J. (author), and Hains, Kristina (author)
Format:: Journal Article
Publication Date:: 2023-05-04
Published:: USA: Clemson University Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 206 Document Number: D12935
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: V.61, N.1
Notes:: 5 pages, It can be argued that public forums are a valuable and essential tool for Cooperative Extension professionals. This article narrates the innovative use of the public forum action steps outlined in Kahl’s (2016) “A Convener’s Guide to Hosting a Public Forum”. The primary objective was to address illegal dumping and littering concerns with the Extension professional's role to engage the community. The resulting “Backyard Composting Project” demonstrated that public forums are valuable in creatively engaging urban audiences. Ultimately the authors illustrate how a community concern can be addressed using innovative programming to reach what Extension considers to be non-traditional urban populations.

10. Social media application in agriculture extension programming for small scale rural farmers: is knowledge impeding the lack of adoption?

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Moonsammy, Stephan (author) and Moonsammy, Donna Marie Renn (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022-08-01
Published:: USA: New Prairie Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12627
Journal Title:: Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education
Journal Title Details:: V. 27 Iss. 3
Notes:: 18 pages, The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge level of farmers on basic computer literacy, social media use, and to explore which social and demographic factors affected their knowledge capacity. The study had a final sample of 176 participants from the northern, southern and central regions of Trinidad and Tobago. A survey instrument comprising of 14 multiple-choice questions with one accurate response was developed to decrease bias of farmers randomly selecting the accurate response. The questions addressed knowledge on basic computer and social media literacy. Analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc testing. Results indicated that there were significant differences in farmers’ performance in the knowledge test based on characteristics such as age, education, and household use of social media and the internet. Based on the findings, minimal training in computer and social media literacy did not impede the farmers’ use of the computer or social media. These discoveries highlight the potential of extension programs using the internet and social media applications to improve communication efficiency among agricultural stakeholders within farming communities.

11. Expanding effective behavioral health literacy programs to address farm stress

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Eschbach, Cheryl L. (author), Cuthbertson, Courtney (author), Shelle, Gwyn (author), and Bates, Ronald O. (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022-06-16
Published:: United States: Clemson University Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12599
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: V. 60, N. 2
Notes:: 5pgs, Attention to stress and mental health among agricultural producers has increased over recent years, and Cooperative Extension has been active in offering educational workshops and resources to agricultural audiences. This article describes the process and effectiveness of expanding two (university) Extension farm stress management programs to Cooperative Extension in other states through a national Farm Stress Management Summit. The two-day training Summit provided deeper knowledge about farm stress issues and prepared Extension professionals to offer behavioral health programs in their own communities and respective states. Evaluation findings highlight effective aspects of the Summit and next steps.

12. Unique conference design showcases small towns, highlights entrepreneurs, and strengthens capacity

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Northrop, Mr. Carey Andrew (author), Jamieson, Mrs. Katherine M. (author), Jones, Parker B. (author), Reilly, Mary A. (author), and Augst, Tyler (author)
Format:: Journal Article
Publication Date:: 2022-06-16
Published:: United States: Clemson University Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12602
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: V. 60, Iss. 2
Notes:: 6pgs, Michigan State University Extension (MSUE)’s annual conference, Connecting Entrepreneurial Communities (CEC), has served as a catalyst for entrepreneurial ecosystems across Michigan since 2012. Designed by MSUE for small towns, CEC has gained national interest as evidenced by the adoption of this conference model by four other Extension services. This article outlines the unique conference design, details the partnership between Extension and host communities, and explores conference evaluation data validating the need to continue this programming. Lessons learned and successes to date are provided to ensure readers learn the value this unique conference format has in Extension entrepreneurship programming nationally.

13. Working together for soil health: liberating structures for participatory learning in extension

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: McFarland, Carol R. (author), Friedrichsen, Claire (author), Tao, Haiying (author), and Friesen, Maren L. (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022-05-08
Published:: United States: Clemson University Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12598
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: V. 60, N. 2
Notes:: 7pgs, Liberating Structures (LS) provide a user-friendly toolkit to shift group power dynamics and allow all stakeholders to contribute. We explored the novel use of LS in soil health extension to conduct high-engagement events with diverse stakeholders. Our goals were to promote social learning, networking, and to encourage innovation. Soil health themes emerged highlighting specific practices, and the necessity of addressing broader scope issues of education, economics, and policy. Participants reported increased knowledge of soil health, professional connections, and forecasted participation in soil-health-promoting activities. Participants also expressed a sense of community, expanded perspectives, and appreciation of the co-development process.

14. “How can you put a price on the environment?” Farmer perspectives on stewardship and payment for ecosystem services

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: White, A.C. (author), Faulkner, D.S. (author), Mendex, V.E. (author), and Niles, M.T. (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022-04-01
Published:: United States: Soil and Water Conservation Society
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12529
Journal Title:: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
Journal Title Details:: 41
Notes:: 14 pages, As agricultural conservation priorities evolve to address new complex social-ecological problems and emerging social priorities, new conservation incentive program participation and success can be enhanced by incorporating local stakeholder preferences into program design. Our research explores how farmers incorporate ecosystem services into management decisions, their willingness to participate in payment for ecosystem services programs, and factors beyond compensation level that would influence participation. We conducted three focus groups with 24 participants between January of 2019 and May of 2019 in Vermont. Our study revealed that a strong, intrinsic stewardship ethic motivates farmers to enhance ecosystem service provisioning from their farms, though financial pressures often limit decision-making. These results suggest that programs with sufficient levels of payment may attract participation, at least among some types of farmers, to enhance ecosystem services from farms in Vermont. However, farmers may be deterred from participating by perceived unfairness and distrust of the government based on previous experiences with regulations and conservation incentive structures. Farmers also expressed distrust of information about ecosystem services supply that conflicts with their perceptions of agroecosystem functioning, unless delivered by trusted individuals from the extension system. The delivery of context-specific information on how management changes impact ecosystem service performance from trusted sources could enhance farmers’ decisions, and would aptly complement payments. Additionally, farmers expressed a desire to see a program that both achieves additionality and rewards farms who have been stewards, goals that are potentially at odds. Our findings offer important insights for policy makers and program administrators who need to understand factors that will influence farmers’ willingness to participate in payment for ecosystem service programs and other conservation practice adoption initiatives, in Vermont and elsewhere.

15. Extension employee health behaviors, needs, and interests: a utah-based survey

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Ciciurkaite, Gabriele (author), Sulzer, Sandra H. (author), and Parkhurst, Emma (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022-02-28
Published:: United States: Clemson University Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12532
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: V. 60, Iss. 1
Notes:: 9 pgs, The goal of our study was to better understand the health and wellness practices, needs, and interests within Cooperative Extension. We used a Qualtrics web-based survey to collect data from Extension employees at Utah State University. Extension employees demonstrated interest in making healthier lifestyles a priority through Extension-specific wellness programs focused on exercise and physical activity, promotion of optimal mental health, and opportunities for personal development. Extension leaders and administrators are encouraged to offer targeted programming to enhance health and wellness within Cooperative Extension.

16. Agricultural Extension Services amidst COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria: Policy Options

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Olayiwola Issa, Fadlullah (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022-02-24
Published:: International: AJOL
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12515
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Extension
Journal Title Details:: 26 (1)
Notes:: 9 pages., The paper explored the policy options targeted at preventing extreme hunger after surviving the COVID-19 pandemic. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 15 key informants across five purposively selected Local Government Areas in Kaduna and Ogun States for this study. Checklist (administered through recorded telephone calls) was used to elicit responses (qualitative data) on the impacts of COVID-19 on the food system. This paper concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted on the food system thus challenging the AES to employ more innovative and pragmatic approaches to reach the farmers. Major impacts of COVID-19 on food system were disruptions in agricultural production, limitation of field visit by extension personnel and distortion of technology delivery system. Major recommendations include: in response to the stay-at-home order in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, Agricultural extension services (AES) should explore virtual means to reach the clientele. To this end, farm operations and new techniques should be packaged into short clips and shared via various platforms. Also, legislative means to consider AEAS as essential services should be sought; and extensionists should be trained and provided with personal protection equipment (PPE) to enable them reach farmers. Such field officers should be insured and provided with adequate tangible mobility.

17. Liberation extension: building capacities for civilizational transition

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Copeland, Nicholas (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022-01-27
Published:: International: Springer Link
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: D12541
Journal Title:: Agriculture and Human Values
Journal Title Details:: 2022
Notes:: 12pgs, COVID 19 has exacerbated and underscored structural inequalities and endemic vulnerabilities in food, economic, and social systems, compounding concerns about environmental sustainability and racial and economic justice. Convergent crises have amplified a growing chorus of voices and movements calling for new thinking and new practices to adapt to these shifts, mitigate their impact, and address their root causes through far reaching changes in social and economic life and values, including breaking with the free market paradigm. In the face of a historic choice between transition or multiple systems collapse that deepen injustice and threaten planetary survival, I make the case for expanding on liberatory tendencies in Extension programs to build capacities for response-ability to transition toward more just and sustainable futures.

18. Community Engagement And Programming Models For The 21st Century Extension Professional

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Downey, Laura (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022-01-24
Published:: United States: Clemson University Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12439
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: Volume 60, Issue 1
Notes:: 6 pages, In this article, I review Donaldson's (2020) Community Engagement for Extension Professionals: 21st Century Program Planning, Evaluation, and Professionalism. This guidebook is relevant to several audiences including undergraduate and graduate students, Extension professionals, and faculty who work with students and advisees on program planning research and practice. This article highlights the primary contributions of the guidebook, with special emphasis on proactive and reactive Extension programming models.

19. On the value of innovation and extension information: SCN-resistant soybean varieties

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Moschini, Giancarlo (author) and Lee, Seungki (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022-01-02
Published:: United States of America: Wiley Online
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12538
Journal Title:: American Journal of Agricultural Economics
Notes:: 22 pages, This paper presents direct evidence on the impact of a specific extension program that is aimed at promoting the adoption of varieties resistant to the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), specifically the Iowa State University SCN-Resistant Soybean Variety Trials. We use two data sources: experimental data from these variety trials and a rich proprietary dataset on farmers’ seed purchases. Combining these data, we estimate the value of soybean cyst nematode-resistant variety availability, and the associated variety trials that provide information on their performance to farmers and seed companies. Given the scope and diffusion of this extension program, the focus of the analysis is on Iowa and northern Illinois over the period 2011–2016. Farmers’ seed choices are modeled in a discrete choice framework, specifically a one-level nested logit model. Using the estimated demand model, we find farmers’ marginal willingness to pay for soybean cyst nematode-resistant varieties, and for related extension information provided by the Iowa State University SCN-Resistant Soybean Variety Trials program, to be large. These results are confirmed by counterfactual analyses showing that, over the six-year period and region of the study, the total ex post welfare change associated with the existence of, and information about, SCN-resistant seeds is about $478 million. About one-third of this surplus is captured by seed suppliers, and two-thirds accrues to farmers.

20. Finding the right channel: an analysis of communication channel preferences amongst potential extension clientele

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Carroll, Ashley A. (author), Lamm, Kevan W. (author), and Borron, Abigail (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022
Published:: USA: New Prairie Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12607
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Education
Journal Title Details:: V. 63, N.2
Notes:: 19pgs, New communication methods and technology continue to emerge and evolve – as do societal trends – making it paramount that Extension professionals stay abreast with the preferred communication channels of potential clientele. By being aware of clients’ preferred communication channels, Extension professionals can increase the number of participants who benefit from their work while also improving the quality of the message being delivered. The present study examined the preferred communication channels of potential Extension clientele specifically when gathering information regarding their community. Specifically, a non-probability opt-in sampling procedure was employed whereby respondent (N = 3,347) communication channel preferences were analyzed from an audience segmentation and uses and gratifications perspective. Overall, the results indicated the most effective channels through which to reach potential Extension clientele under 50 years of age is through the internet and social media, while word of mouth and newspaper are preferred channels for those 50 and over. However, the results of the study indicate there are a variety of potential communication channels with varying degrees of preference among different audiences. Using study results as a starting point to inform communication channel strategy may help to Extension professionals ensure the correct message is provided to the correct audience via the correct channel.

21. extension education trends and research needs: views from professionals and faculty

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Donaldson, Joseph L. (author), Graham, Donna L. (author), Arnold, Shannon (author), Taylor, Lisa K. (author), and Jayaratne, K.S.U. (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022
Published:: USA: American Association for Agricultural Education
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12672
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Education
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 63, N. 3
Notes:: 10 pages, This study sought to understand Extension Education's trends and research needs as perceived by members of the American Association for Agricultural Education (AAAE) and Joint Council of Extension Professionals (JCEP) by comparing and contrasting findings from questionnaires using open-ended questions. Both groups identified changing technology and new audiences as key trends requiring Extension to adapt, and JCEP respondents noted makers and entrepreneurs as prominent new audiences. For Extension Education research needs, both groups prioritized research to heighten professional development among Extension professionals. JCEP respondents desire Agricultural and Extension Education (AEE) Departments to lead research in Extension administrative leadership. On the contrary, AAAE respondents prioritized Extension program evaluation research. Regarding Extension professional development, JCEP respondents identified program planning and evaluation, but AAAE respondents named research methods as prioritized needs. JCEP respondents prioritized practical experiences in Extension Education college courses, and AAAE members reported some internships, practicums, and experiential learning in their AEE curriculum. The results have implications for AEE Departments in planning professional development for Extension professionals and college instruction producing Extension-career-ready graduates. Recommendations emphasize the need to coordinate college curriculum and professional development and to prepare students for Extension careers.

22. Assessment of climate change training needs of agricultural extension agents in Abia state, Nigeria

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Ifeanyi-obi, C. C (author) and Ekere, K (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-12-09
Published:: South Africa: South African Society for Agricultural Extension
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12731
Journal Title:: South African Journal of Agricultural Extension
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 49, N. 3
Notes:: 14 pages, The study assessed the agricultural extension agents' climate change training needs in Abia state. Eighty-three extension agents were chosen for the study using a simple random sampling procedure. Questionnaire was used to collect data, which was then summarized using percentages, frequency counts, and the mean. The findings indicated that male agricultural extension agents comprised a majority (53%) of the state's agricultural extension agents. The average household contained between one and five members (60%). Only 10% have a master's degree, while the majority (69%) have a bachelor's degree. The average length of employment was 15 years. The study's findings indicated that there are still extension agents who are unaware of climate change (1%). Agricultural extension agents in the study area have a limited understanding of all six climate change statements. Extension agents provide significant climate change services to farmers, including technical advice on climate change ( =2.0), the establishment of Small Plot Adaptation Techniques (SPAT) to monitor the impact of climate change (=2.1), and educating farmers on appropriate agrochemicals for climate change adaptation (weed and pest control) ( =2.2). Additionally, the results indicated that understanding fundamental climate change concepts ( =3.7), utilising cultural practises to mitigate and adapt to climate impacts ( =3.4), and environmentally friendly management practises to mitigate and adapt to climate change ( =3.4) were the primary areas of need for climate change training among extension agents. Inadequate funding for training (=3.4), a lack of financial support from organizations ( =3.3), and an inability to access financial support from funders (=3.3) were the major barriers to attending climate change training for extension agents. Regular climate change seminars and training workshops for agricultural extension agents at the federal and state levels will help to improve their overall knowledge of climate change issues. The Agricultural Development Program should utilize Forth nightly training (FNT) meetings to educate extension agents about climate change issues.

23. Analysis of Village Extension Agents' Access and Use of Information and Communication Technology in Delivery of Extension Services in the Central Agricultural Zone of Plateau State, Nigeria

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Vihi, S.K. (author), Tor, L.G. (author), Jesse, B. (author), Dalla, AA.. (author), Onuwa, G.C. (author), and Haroun, M. (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-10-21
Published:: Russia: iVolga Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12427
Journal Title:: Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences
Journal Title Details:: Vol.118(10
Notes:: 11 pages, This study examined village extension agent’s access and use of information and communication technology in extension services delivery to farmers in Plateau State, Nigeria. The population for the study consisted of all the village extension agents (VEAs) of the Plateau Agricultural Development Program (PADP) in the central agricultural zone of the state. Multistage sampling technique was employed in selecting the respondents for the study. Primary data were collected through the administration of questionnaires and interview techniques and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings from the study shows that majority (77%) of the sampled village extension agents (VEAs) were males with a mean age of 43 years, Majority (87%) of the respondents were married with a mean household size of 4 persons. The study also showed that majority (80%) of the VEAs had tertiary education with a mean working experience of 13 years and average monthly income of ₦64875. The result also shows that four (4) out of the seven (7) listed ICT facilities were adjudged the ICT facilities accessible to VEAs in the study area having had mean values above the discriminating index (x̅ =2.50). They included; GSM (phone) (x̅ =3.94), radio (x̅ = 2.83), television (x̅ = 2.73) and computer (x̅ = 2.68). Based on 2.50 discriminating index, only two out of seven listed conventional ICT facilities had mean values above the discriminating index (x̅ 2.50) and thus were adjudged the ICT facilities used by VEAs. The GSM (phone) had the highest mean value of 3.62 followed by radio with mean value of 2.54. The logit regression result shows that coefficients of years of working experience and monthly income were significant and positively related to ICT use, while age and complexity in use of ICT were significant and negatively related to ICT use. Major constraints to use of ICT by VEAs includes; lack of administrative support in provision of ICT (87%), lack of in-service training on ICT use (66%), Poor salary/remuneration (64%), lack of awareness of ICT importance in extension (56%) among others. The study recommends intervention, serious synergy, and proactive response on the part of the government, non-governmental organization,s and extension organizations in ICT provision and training of VEAs on ICT use as well as stepping up campaigns on the importance of ICT use in agricultural extension delivery.

24. Adoption challenges, needs for extension programming, and program delivery formats for organic grain producers in the U.S. Corn Belt

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Han, Guang (author), Grudens-Shuck, Nancy (author), Arbuckle, J. Gordon (author), and Martin, Robert (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-10-19
Published:: United States: Taylor & Francis
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12518
Journal Title:: Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems
Journal Title Details:: 46
Notes:: 33 pages, This study surveyed 258 organic grain farmers in Iowa in the U.S. Midwest. We identified seven areas of challenges related to organic grain farming adoption: organic farming operations, marketing, policy, finance, inputs and information, social pressures, and land tenure. Respondents reported three key areas where extension programs were needed: education, research, and technical services. Regarding outreach formats, organic farmers preferred events where peers were featured or provided leadership, such as field days, one-on-one mentor programs, and farmer-to-farmer workshops. Results provided empirical evidence to support theoretical discussions and policy implications on issues related to adoption of organic grain farming.

25. Context Specificity and Time Dependency in Classifying Sub-Saharan Africa Dairy Cattle Farmers for Targeted Extension Farm Advice: The Case of Uganda

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Ahikiriza, Elizabeth (author), Wesana, Joshua (author), Gellynk, Xavier (author), Van Huylenbroeck, Guido (author), and Lawyers, Ludwig (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-07-29
Published:: Switzerland: MDPI
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12516
Journal Title:: Agriculture
Journal Title Details:: 11 (9)
Notes:: 6 pages, Despite the huge potential for milk production, interventions to improve productivity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are barely based on specified farm classifications. This study aimed to develop robust and context-specific farm typologies to guide content of extension farm advice/services in Uganda. From a sample of 482 dairy farmers, we collected data on farmer socio-demographics, farm management practices, ownership of farm tools and facilities, willingness to pay for extension services, milk production, and marketing. Farm typologies were obtained based on principal component and cluster analyses. Thereby, of the three dairy production systems that emerged, small-scale, largely subsistence yet extensive and low productive farms were more prominent (82.6%). Farms that were classified as large-scale, less commercialized yet extensive with modest productive systems were more than the medium-scale commercial farms with intensive and highly productive systems. However, the later were considered to potentially transform dairy farming in Uganda. It was also predicted that the validity of our farm classification may persist until half of the farms have moved between clusters. The study gives new insights on dairy production systems in Uganda, which can be used to organize more targeted research on farmers’ extension needs for facilitating delivery of relevant and effective extension services and designing appropriate extension policies

26. Agricultural extension service and vegetable production: the case of women farmers in Imbulpe ds division in Sri Lanka

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Rathnachandra, Dilini (author) and Malkanthi, Pushpa (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-07-06
Published:: Poland: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12674
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural & Food Information
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 64, N. 2
Notes:: 9pgs, This study was conducted to identify the agricultural extension needs of women farmers and to assess the impact of their participation in agricultural extension programs on vegetable production in the area. A sample of 145 women farmers from five Grama Niladhari (GN) divisions of the DS division was randomly selected for the study. Data were collected from a researcher administered survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics and a regression analysis. As per the results, a significant number of the women farmers have participated in most of the extension and training programs. However, some of them haven’t registered in the farmer organization present in the area. Agricultural extension agents of the area have focused on dissemination of more information regarding modern farming technologies, organic farming, application of agrochemicals and fertilizers, and improving market systems. The majority of women farmers have used the knowledge received from the extension programs in vegetable farming activities. Furthermore, there is a significant and positive relationship between participation in extension programs by women farmers and an increase in vegetable production. Therefore, encouragement of women farmers to register in the farmer organization, provision of timely important extension service to them, organizing training programs, and workshops to disseminate agricultural information are crucial to further enhancement of vegetable production in this area.

27. Digital extension, price risk, and farm performance: experimental evidence from Nigeria

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Oyinbo, Oyakhilomen (author), Chamberlain, Jordan (author), Abdoulaye, Tahirou (author), and Maertens, Miet (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-06-21
Published:: United States: Wiley Online
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12539
Journal Title:: American Journal fo Agricultural Economics
Journal Title Details:: 104 (2)
Notes:: 21 pages, Despite decades of investment in agricultural extension, technology adoption among farmers and agricultural productivity growth in Sub-Saharan Africa remain slow. Among other shortcomings, extension systems often make recommendations that do not account for price risk or spatial heterogeneity in farmers' growing conditions. However, little is known about the effectiveness of extension approaches for nutrient management that consider these issues. We analyze the impact of farmers' access to site-specific nutrient management recommendations and to information on expected returns, provided through a digital decision support tool, for maize production. We implement a randomized controlled trial among smallholders in the maize belt of northern Nigeria. We use three waves of annual panel data to estimate immediate and longer term effects of two different extension treatments: site-specific recommendations with and without complementary information about variability in output prices and expected returns. We find that site-specific nutrient management recommendations improve fertilizer management practices and maize yields but do not necessarily increase fertilizer use. In addition, we find that recommendations that are accompanied by additional information about variability in expected returns induce larger fertilizer investments that persist beyond the first year. However, the magnitudes of these effects are small: we find only incremental increases in investments and net revenues over two treatment years.

28. Extension Professionals’ Attitudes, Self-Efficacy,and Perceptions of Inclusion for 4-H Youth with Disabilities

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Anderson, Callie (author), Niewoehner-Green, Jera (author), and Scheer, Scott (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-06
Published:: United States: Routledge
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12494
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Education
Journal Title Details:: Volume 62, Issue 3
Notes:: 14 pages., The 4-H Youth Development program prohibits all forms of discrimination which includes disability. 4-H Extension professionals provide the essential interface between Extension and the local community to create an inclusive environment for all youth, including those with disabilities, that is welcoming and accessible. Attitudes and self-efficacy for working with youth who have disabilities impact how well 4- H delivers positive youth development programs. The purpose of this study was to determine state-wide 4-H Extension professionals’ attitudes, self-efficacy, and perceptions of inclusion toward youth with disabilities. In addition, the researchers sought to examine their use of a training program to better serve youth with disabilities. All 4-H Extension professionals in Ohio were surveyed (N = 135) with 71 responding (response rate of 53%). Results indicated the attitudes of Extension professionals for accepting of and feeling comfortable around youth with disabilities was overwhelmingly positive. They also perceived that youth with disabilities felt that they were included in 4-H activities. For self-efficacy, 4-H professionals reported they could effectively provide inclusive opportunities for youth with disabilities and adapt their level of instruction, take extra time, and pay attention to the needs of youth with disabilities. However, about a third of the respondents somewhat or strongly agreed that their workload would increase by having youth with disabilities in their organization. The disability training program was used by over three-fourths of the 4-H professionals and helped them to engage with parents to learn more about their children with disabilities. The program also improved accommodations and creating a more inclusive 4-H environment.

29. Reliability of the Agricultural Extension and Technological Services among Rice Farmers in the Rural Areas of Tanzania

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: D. Kulyakwave, Peter (author), Shiwei, Xu (author), Wen, Yu (author), Sar, Sary (author), and Muyobozi, S. (author)
Format:: unknown
Publication Date:: 2021-05-21
Published:: South Africa: African Journals Online
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 203 Document Number: D12213
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Extension
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 25 No. 2 (2021)
Notes:: 14 pages., This study provided insights into the availability and use of agricultural information by small scale farmers in the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. The research used structured questionnaires to interview 240 rice farmers in the Mbeya region. The findings revealed that farmers accessed agricultural information from various agents including local government extension staff, neighbors and friends, advertisements, electronic media including the internet, television, radio, and other channels. The identified technological information application methods included by lectures, field demonstrations, exposure visits to various places, and printed production. The majority of farmers perceived to have dissatisfied (43%), strongly dissatisfied (25%), strongly satisfied (20%), satisfied (8%), and no opinions (4%) concerning accessibility to agricultural information and technological services. The majority of farmers claimed that both agricultural information and technological communication are strongly needed for agricultural performance. The study suggests that government and non-government organizations should collaborate to bridge the existing information-sharing gap between farmers and information providers.

30. Assessing the Value of Video Resources in Extension-led Natural Resources Management Continuing Education Programs

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Sagor, Eli (author), Mindmuller-Campione, Marcella (author), and Rodman, Madison (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-05
Published:: United States: University of Clemson Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 203 Document Number: D12200
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: Volume 59 (2)
Notes:: 9 pages, Effective delivery of continuing education programs can improve their impact. Using the first of four two-week modules of a professional short course, we tested outcomes of a flipped classroom approach, comparing professional foresters’ completion rates, preference for, and perceived value of pre-module content delivered via video and reading. Participants in the National Advanced Silviculture Program self-reported significantly higher pre-module completion rates, preference for, and perceived value of video over reading. This simple study suggests the potential for video to serve as an accessible and preferred format for delivery of key content to supplement an in-person continuing education program.

31. Extension Organizational Strengths: A Delphi Analysis

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Lamm, Keven (author), Randall, Nekeisha (author), Lamm, Alexa (author), and Sapp, Rochelle (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-05-01
Published:: United States: American Association for Agricultural Education
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 203 Document Number: D12202
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Education
Journal Title Details:: Volume 62 - Number 2 - 2021
Notes:: Sharing the importance of agriculture, agricultural education, and programmatic efforts through Extension is vital to ensuring policy makers and the general public understand the need for supporting the overall agricultural industry. However, communicatingsuch importance can be challenging without accurate, evidence-based language to describe what makes agricultural initiatives unique and effective. Furthermore, having knowledge of the unique strengths of Extension builds a foundation of resources agricultural staff can use in problem-solving, communication, and education techniques. A Delphi study was conducted to research the unique strengths of University of GeorgiaExtension in an effort to better educate and communicate with local and state stakeholders. Findings resulted in 11 strengths that gained 100% agreement from research respondents. Six thematic categories covering all agreed-upon strengths document strengths in an explicit way that can also help with internal communication and education effortswithin the Extension organization.

32. Farmers’ Perceived Needs of Extension’ Support During Covid-19 in Hawai'i

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Eng, Sothy (author), Khun, Tricia (author), Esquivel, Monica (author), Ooki, Nancy (author), Bloese, Joanna (author), Sand, Shannon (author), and Lincoln, Noa (author)
Format:: Journal Article
Publication Date:: 2021-05
Published:: United States: Clemson University Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 203 Document Number: D12201
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: Issue 59 (2)
Notes:: 9 pages., Extension plays an essential role in serving local communities. How it can support farmers during the pandemic is a novel phenomenon that necessitates careful analysis. Drawing from a survey responded by 313 farmers across Hawai'i in late April 2020, this study assesses how farmers feel Extension can support them best during the pandemic. Farmers identified five areas of needs: community engagement and networking, information sharing and education, funding, research, and local sustainability. Discussion regarding the role of Extension support during the pandemic is offered.

33. Assessment of socio-economic characteristics that determine farmers’ access to agricultural extension services in Eastern Cape, South Africa

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Loki, O. (author), Aliber, A. (author), and Sikweli, M.M. (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-04-26
Published:: South Africa: Academy of Science of South Africa
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12352
Journal Title:: South African Journal of Agricultural Extension
Journal Title Details:: Issue 49(1)
Notes:: 12 pages., The study reported on in this paper investigated smallholder farmers’ access to extension services. The study sought to distinguish the varying degrees of access to services of smallholder farmers engaged in different production systems, that is, home gardening, field cropping, and livestock production. The study was conducted in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape, specifically in two communities, namely Ngcabasa and Phathikhala villages. Research activities included a survey of 100 farmers as well as focus group discussions. Employing logistic regression analysis, the study aimed to understand what influences whether or not a smallholder farmer accesses extension. The study also used various types of comparative statistics (T-test) to assess the implications of access to extension support, for instance for production and farm income. The main findings of the study were that 68% of the farming households interviewed in Ngcabasa and 71% of those in Phathikhala had access to extension services. Farmers who had access to extension had more farm income in both enterprises compared to those who had no access to extension services. From the regression analysis, farmers who were more likely to receive extension support appeared to be those who were older, those with less education, and those farming with livestock.

34. Towards a Revolutionized Agricultural Extension System for the Sustainability of Smallholder Livestock Production in Developing Countries: The Potential Role of ICTs

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Mapiye, Obvious (author), Makombe, Godswill (author), Molotsi, Annelin (author), Dmaza, Kennedy (author), and Mapiye, Cletos (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-04-02
Published:: International: MDPI
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12537
Journal Title:: Sustainability
Journal Title Details:: 13 (11)
Notes:: 17 pages, The creation of commercialization opportunities for smallholder farmers has taken primacy on the development agenda of many developing countries. Invariably, most of the smallholders are less productive than commercial farmers and continue to lag in commercialization. Apart from the various multifaceted challenges which smallholder farmers face, limited access to extension services stands as the underlying constraint to their sustainability. Across Africa and Asia, public extension is envisioned as a fundamental part of the process of transforming smallholder farmers because it is their major source of agricultural information. Extension continues to be deployed using different approaches which are evolving. For many decades, various authors have reported the importance of the approaches that effectively revitalize extension systems and have attempted to fit them into various typologies. However, there is a widespread concern over the inefficiency of these extension approaches in driving the sustainability of smallholder farming agenda. Further, most of the approaches that attempted to revolutionize extension have been developed and brought into the field in rapid succession, but with little or no impact at the farmer level. This paper explores the theory and application of agricultural extension approaches and argues the potential of transforming them using digital technologies. The adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) such as mobile phones and the internet which are envisaged to revolutionize existing extension systems and contribute towards the sustainability of smallholder farming systems is recommended

35. Building Africa’s first “e-Extension Platform” for smallholder farmers

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Gap Report Initiative (author)
Format:: Blog posting
Publication Date:: 2021-02-24
Published:: United States: Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Virginia.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12519
Notes:: 4 pages., Sasakawa Africa Association shares their approach to strengthening the resilience of food systems in Africa through innovative approaches using information and communication technologies. he Sasakawa Africa Association (SAA) was established in 1986 by Ryoichi Sasakawa, the first chairman of the Nippon Foundation; Dr. Norman Borlaug, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate and father of the Green Revolution; and former US President, Jimmy Carter; in response to the famine in the Horn of Africa in the 1980s. Since then, SAA has strengthened agricultural extension services in 16 countries in Africa. Currently, we have offices in Ethiopia, Mali, Nigeria and Uganda, where we focus on field activities and human resource development at universities and other educational institutions. We also implement human resource development projects in Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, and Tanzania.

36. Accounting for spillovers in assessing the effectiveness of video messages to improve potato seed quality: evidence from Uganda

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Vandevelde, Senne (author), Van Campenhout, Bjorn (author), and Walukano, Wilberforce (author)
Format:: Journal Article
Publication Date:: 2021-02-21
Published:: Interntational: Taylor & Francis
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 203 Document Number: D12215
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
Journal Title Details:: Volume 27, 2021 - Issue 4
Notes:: 12 pages., Purpose Pervasive use of poor quality seed remains an important reason for low yields throughout the developing world. We explore ways to increase the quality of the local stock of seed tubers among a sample of Ugandan potato farmers. Design/methodology/approach: Using videos, we provide agricultural extension information on (i) how to select the best seed tubers and (ii) how to properly handle and store seed tubers until the next planting season. The relative effectiveness of the information interventions is tested using an individually randomized controlled trial where we model spillovers using a randomization-based framework for estimating causal effects under interference between units. Findings: Especially the video on seed selection translated into increased awareness and adoption of recommended practices, increased probability of using improved inputs, as well as higher consumption. Practical implications: Interventions aimed at improving seed quality are important in the absence of access to high-quality seed. Video messages are becoming increasingly useful as a complementary tool in agricultural extension. Theoretical implications: Randomization-based inference can be used to take into account spillover effects in the analysis rather than the design phase of an experiment. Originality/value: This is the first study to address seed quality of potato tubers in a real-world setting using videos.

37. Building engagement in Facebook: A case study with Utah State University Extension

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Kesler, Kenna R. (author), Hall, Kelsey (author), and Spielmaker, Debra (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-02
Published:: United States: New Prairie Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 202 Document Number: D12104
Journal Title:: Journal of Applied Communications
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 105, Issue 1
Notes:: 24 pgs., In order to stay relevant in an online world, Extension must properly use social networking platforms to effectively reach diverse audiences regarding agricultural and natural resource issues. However, few studies have focused on how Extension uses Facebook to effectively accomplish its goal. This study’s purpose was to explore how Utah State University Extension Sustainability uses Facebook to engage followers. The researchers conducted a quantitative content analysis of 504 messages posted to the USU Extension Sustainability Facebook page. Graphics and links were the most common post characteristics used by the organization. Text-only posts and posts containing videos were utilized the least. Food was the most common area of sustainability discussed on the page. Posts containing videos, shared content, or that tagged other Facebook pages in messages experienced statistically significantly higher user engagement than posts without those characteristics. Posts containing hashtags experienced statistically significantly lower engagement. Neutral sentiment appeared in the majority of posts. Additionally, information seeking was the most dominant communicative function among the posts. Neither the type of sentiment nor communicative functions were significantly connected to engagement. Future research should determine changes in knowledge, attitudes, intentions, and behavior as a result of exposure to, and engagement with, the Facebook page. Additionally, a qualitative study determining consumers’ attitudes toward Facebook content can provide a deeper understanding of the audience’s thought processes and content preferences. Page administrators should craft engaging content that builds community among followers.

38. Factors influencing farmers’ satisfaction with the quality of agricultural extension services

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Kassem, Hazem S. (author), Alotaibi, Bader Alhafi (author), Muddassir, Muhammad (author), and Herab, Ahmed (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-01-17
Published:: International: Elsevier
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12478
Journal Title:: Evaluation and Program Planning
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 85
Notes:: 18 pages, Assessing farmers’ satisfaction with the quality of agricultural-extension services is essential for developing extension programs that comply with farmers’ needs and agroecological conditions. This study aimed to determine factors influencing farmers’ satisfaction with extension services. Data were collected through a questionnaire from a random sample of 393 farmers in the Kafr El Sheikh governorate. Farmers assessed the quality of extension services by five main indicators: (1) availability, (2) accessibility, (3) diversity, (4) relevance, and (5) effectiveness. Descriptive statistics and a logistic-regression model were used to analyze the data. Results showed that farmers had lowly participated in the provided extension services. The accessibility of services was ranked first with regard to satisfaction, while diversity of services was the lowest-ranked quality attribute. Results also revealed that factors significantly influencing farmers’ satisfaction included farm size, diversity of farming activities, annual income, and participation in extension services. Results provide practical implications for policy makers to support smallholder farmers by providing high-quality extension programs.

39. Scenario planning for resilient agricultural systems: a process for engaging controversy

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Powers, Crystal A. (author), William, Tyler (author), and Stowell, Rick R. (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2020-07-23
Published:: United States: Clemson University Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 203 Document Number: D12284
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: Vol 59, Iss. 3
Notes:: 5 pages, Resiliency to weather extremes is already a part of farming in the North Plains, but now climate change is adding new uncertainties. Engaging farmers on this often controversial topic can be challenging given the wide range of beliefs farmers hold about climate change. Scenario planning provides a framework for Extension and agricultural system stakeholders to come together using the latest climate science to discover robust adaptive management options, prioritize Extension programming needs, and provide an open forum for starting the discussion.

40. Communication Behaviors of County Extension Directors Post-Hurricane

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Ali, D. Amanda (author), Lindsey, B. Angela (author), and Harder, M. Amy (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2020-05-13
Published:: USA: New Prairie Pres
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 201 Document Number: D11752
Journal Title:: Journal of Applied Communications
Journal Title Details:: Iss.2, Vol. 104
Notes:: 17 pages, via online journal, In disaster crises, communication among stakeholders and response organizations are important. In Florida, the role of the County Extension Director (CED) is threefold – educational programming, leadership of a county extension program, and county office administrative responsibilities. However, their primary role in disaster emergencies is to facilitate collaborations with state and federal partners. During Hurricane Irma in 2017, UF/IFAS CEDs assisted in response efforts. However, communication efforts can become challenging in such chaotic and stressful situations. This research explored communication challenges among CEDs, clients, and statewide partners in hurricane events. Insights into the communication role of CEDs could enhance UF/IFAS Extension’s communication plan for effective information dissemination post-disaster. The Uses and Gratifications Theory guided this qualitative study. Interviews occurred with nine CEDs from various counties across Florida. Results showed CEDs used numerous communication channels to connect with clients, staff, and statewide partners, mainly for the purposes of information dissemination. The main reasons for selecting these communication channels depended on its accessibility, reliability, and whether it was a usual form of communication. Some participants were unaware of available resources which resulted in duplicate efforts. Thus, they required additional information from statewide partners. Some participants also had difficulty connecting clients with people who could assist them with insurance information and aid. As such, this study recommended a central communication system to avoid redundant efforts, strengthening relationships with disaster agencies to promote information-sharing and avoid miscommunication, and developing a list of resources and contacts for CEDs’ first engagement in disaster response.

41. Tapping the full potential of the digital revolution for agricultural extension: an emerging innovation agenda

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Steinke, Jonathan (author), van Etten, Jacob (author), Muller, Anna (author), Ortiz-Crespo, Berta (author), van de Gevel, Jeske (author), Silvestri, Silvia (author), and Priebe, Jan (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2020-03-27
Published:: International: Taylor and Francis
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12480
Journal Title:: International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability
Journal Title Details:: 5-6
Notes:: 26 pages, Agricultural extension in the Global South can benefit greatly from the use of modern information and communication technologies (ICT). Yet, despite two decades of promising experiences, this potential is not fully realized. Here, we review the relevant research literature to inform future investments into agricultural information services that harness the full potential of digital media. We describe a recently emerging innovation agenda that is, in part, a response to the eventual failure of many new agro-advisory initiatives. One important cause of failure has been a focus on pushing certain technologies, rather than responding to the particular communication challenges of potential users. To avoid such bias in designing new services, the new innovation agenda rests on two major foundations: strong user-centredness and problem-orientation. In our review, we first describe how user-centred design methods help in specifying both problems and (digital) solutions in agricultural extension. To inform responses to the communication challenges defined by that analysis, we then describe eight emerging aspects of using ICT for development, and how they can address common deficiencies of agricultural extension. Practical examples from the literature highlight the possibilities and limitations of these innovation directions. Beyond digital design, however, technological innovation requires enabling institutions.

42. An evaluation of website usability for a cover crops resource in the southern region

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Cabrera, Emily (author), Holt, Jessica (author), and Association for Communication Excellence (ACE) University of Georgia
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2020-02
Published:: United States: New Prairie Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 131 Document Number: D11309
Journal Title:: Journal of Applied Communications
Journal Title Details:: 104(1)
Notes:: 14 pages., via online journal, With shifting demographics of agricultural professionals, online educational resources present opportunities for Extension and other natural resources faculty and personnel to use various tools for supporting agricultural producers in the 21st century using more modern technology. Traditionally, Agriculture and Natural Resource (ANR) Extension programming has used a variety of hands-on methods for teaching new, more sustainable farming practices, such as on-farm field days, workshops, farm visits, and demonstrations. While these traditional teaching methods are preferred among farmers, online support tools play a critical role in the overall decision-making process for farmers who are considering making changes to their current farming practices. Online educational resources, with mobile-friendly versions, can be used to assist Extension and Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) agents meet the needs of their clients using more modern forms of technology, whether from the office or on-farm. This study employed two focus group discussions with Extension and NRCS agents and university faculty members to evaluate the usability of a cover crop website that could be used as a support tool for a variety of agricultural professionals. Four themes emerged from this study with reference to a simple, clean appearance; efficient browsing; process-thinking design; and mobile- friendly. This research will be used to inform the continued development of website tools to benefit farmers, producers, agents, and other stakeholders.

43. Designing educational farm tours to improve consumer trust in modern agriculture

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Ferris, Theodore A. (author), Smith, Julia M. (author), Dunckel, Mary A. (author), Cullens, Faith (author), and Kuschel, Ashley (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2020-02
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 132 Document Number: D11358
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 58(1)
Notes:: 7 pages., Article #: v58-1iw3, via online journal., Breakfast on the Farm educational farm tours were introduced in Michigan in 2009 to improve consumer knowledge about, impressions of, and trust in modern food production. Over 89,000 participants have attended events on 40 commercial dairy, beef, crop, and fruit farms. This article addresses organization and funding of the events and some of their general impacts. Volunteers staff stations on topics such as animal care, food safety, nutrition, and water quality. Surveys indicate that attendees' impressions of and trust in farmers and food production improve and that product purchases increase. Events patterned after Michigan's model have occurred in several states and may be implemented elsewhere for similar purposes.

44. Reach Versus Impact: Comparing Webinars and Online Short Courses for Educational Outcomes

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Anderson, Kathleen P. (author), Pulec, Kate E. (author), Skelly, Christine D. (author), Wright, Ashley D. (author), Greene, Elizabeth A. (author), and University of Nebraska Michigan State University University of Arizona
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2020-02
Published:: United States: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 132 Document Number: D11361
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 58(1)
Notes:: 9 pages., via online journal, Our multistate group of state horse specialists produced and evaluated impacts from six webinars and online short courses (webinar plus additional content) addressing current industry issues: pasture-associated laminitis, equine herpesvirus-1, disaster preparedness, sales fraud, rescues/rehoming, and manure management. We identified no differences in perceived knowledge gained from webinars or short courses; however, results suggest that participation in short courses versus live webinars may be more useful for making positive management decisions. Short course participants also reported greater potential for cost savings as a result of completing the education. On the basis of the study, we offer recommendations for developing effective online Extension education programs.

45. Understanding factors that support well-functioning community coalitions

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Jacobs, Laurel (author), Orzech, Kathryn (author), Goodman, Greg (author), LeGros, Theresa (author), and Martinez, Stephanie (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2020-02
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 132 Document Number: D11350
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 58(1)
Notes:: 10 pages., Article #: v58-1rb1, via online journal., Coalitions are central to Extension's community-based programs. To assess characteristics that support well-functioning coalitions and to support coalitions in which Extension stakeholders participate, we used the Wilder Collaboration Factors Inventory to assess 10 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education coalitions on the basis of research-tested collaboration success factors. Overall, the 103 coalition members who responded reported strengths related to communication and shared purpose and weaknesses in the areas of resources and process and structure for achieving the coalitions' aims. Our project represents a low-burden method for assessing Extension coalitions to understand the characteristics that are likely to support the achievement of collective goals.

46. Does it matter who advises farmers? Pest management choices with public and private extension

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Wuepper, David (author), Roleff, Nikolaus (author), and Finger, Robert (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2020-01-01
Published:: Switzerland: Elsevier
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12514
Journal Title:: Food Policy
Journal Title Details:: 99
Notes:: 8 pages, Does it matter whether farmers receive advice on pest management strategies from public or from private (pesticide company affiliated) extension services? We use survey data from 733 Swiss fruit growers who are currently contending with an infestation by an invasive pest, the fruit fly Drosophila Suzukii. We find that farmers who are advised by public extension services are more likely (+9–10%) to use preventive measures (e.g. nets) while farmers who are advised by private extension services are more likely (+8–9%) to use synthetic insecticides. These results are robust to the inclusion of various covariates, ways to cluster standard errors, and inverse probability weighting. We also show that our results are unlikely to be driven by omitted variable bias. Our findings have implications for the current debates on both the ongoing privatization of agricultural extension and concerns regarding negative environmental and health externalities of pesticide use.

47. Responding to Crisis: Farmer Mental Health Programs in the Extension North Central Region

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Inwood, Shoshanah (author), Becot, Florence (author), Bjornestad, Andrea (author), Henning-Smith, Carrie (author), Alberth, Andrew (author), and The Ohio State University South Dakota State University University of Minnesota
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-12-17
Published:: United States: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 124 Document Number: D11230
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(6)
Notes:: 7 pages, via online journal, A number of current events are exacerbating farm stress. Extension and farm organizations have mobilized responses to an emerging mental health crisis among farmers. To evaluate these responses, we conducted an online scan of resources to present a baseline typology of current mental health programs and response efforts in the 12-state Extension North Central Region. We classified responses by type of program, target audience, and delivery format. We identified the need to train mental health counselors and state suicide hotline responders on farm issues and farm culture.

48. Barriers to and strategies for engaging extension educators in family caregiver education

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Struckmeyer, Kristopher M. (author), Roberts, Emily (author), Gordon, Sarah R. (author), Raczkoski, Brandon M. (author), and Singh, Chitra (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-12
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 122 Document Number: D11149
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(6)
Notes:: 9 pages., Article # 6RIB5, via online journal., Oklahoma Extension educators encountered barriers related to trainings and program delivery for a caregiver education program produced by Oklahoma State University Extension. Oklahoma family and consumer sciences educators were interviewed about perceived barriers to attending trainings and delivering the program. Findings indicated that staff shortages, program prioritization, challenges in developing an audience, and communication issues with the program team made it difficult for educators to engage with the program. Strategies for improvement based on the findings were devised.

49. Community climate conversations: engaging and empowering local action in a changing world

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Beery, Thomas (author), Schmitt, Kristen (author), McDonnell, Julie (author), and Moore, Tansey (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-12
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 122 Document Number: D11151
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(6)
Notes:: 16 pages., Article # 6FEA3, via online journal., We examined how the Twin Ports Climate Conversations (TPCC), a community-based climate communication project, is influencing local climate awareness and response. A survey of TPCC participants and subsequent roundtable discussion event were used to explore program impacts, outcomes, and future directions. Results showed that the TPCC project has been effective at increasing awareness and facilitating contacts and may be leading to actions that range from information sharing to personal behavioral changes. Future directions include engaging new audiences and promoting more on-the-ground climate action. TPCC can serve as a model to help other communities start cross-sectoral climate conversations.

50. Demonstrating the Public Value of Extension Forestry Programming Through Benefit Transfer Analysis

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Goerlich, Daniel L. (author), Munsell, John F. (author), Boyd, Heather H. (author), Moeltner, Klaus (author), and Virginia Cooperative Extension Virginia Tech University of Notre Dame
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-12
Published:: United States: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 124 Document Number: D11233
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(6)
Notes:: 5 pages, via online journal, Cooperative Extension produces public value through educational programming that benefits the greater community. Forests provide numerous valuable benefits to society through the provision of ecosystem services. Cooperative Extension educational programming positively affects forest owners, who, in turn, conduct actions that enhance ecosystem services. An understudied relationship exists between Cooperative Extension and ecosystem services that can be drawn on to document Extension's public value. Applying ecosystem services values to Extension natural resources–related programmatic outcomes through benefit transfer provides an avenue through which Extension can potentially make significant advancements in monetizing its public value.

51. Building bridges between producers and schools: the role of extension in the farm to school program

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Qu, Shuyang (author), Fischer, Laura (author), and Rumble, Joy (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-10
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 108 Document Number: D10948
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(4)
Notes:: 10 pages., Article #:4FEA4, via online journal., Childhood obesity is one of the leading problems facing Americans today. As children continue to struggle with both obesity and food insecurity, many parents and doctors look to schools to be responsible for providing healthful meals. The aim of the Farm to School (F2S) program is to bring fresh, local produce into school cafeterias. Aligning with Extension goals, the F2S program provides an opportunity for both the development of healthful lifestyles and increases in agricultural profits. Through interviews with producers and school food service directors, we determined ways Extension programming can be used to improve the efficiency of the F2S program.

52. Social marketing–enhanced home energy education encourages adoption of energy-saving practices

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Caldwell, Kathryn A. (author), Vaughn, Leigh Ann (author), Harrod, Elisabeth (author), and Harrod, Jon (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-10
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 109 Document Number: D10992
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(5)
Notes:: 10 pages., Article # 5RIB3, via online journal., We developed a program centered on a social marketing–enhanced home energy education visit to encourage homeowner adoption of specific energy conservation measures. We randomly assigned 170 homeowners to an experimental condition that included energy education before an energy audit or a control condition that included only an energy audit. Participants in the experimental condition adopted more no-cost and low-cost one-time energy conservation changes, such as adjusting refrigerator/freezer temperatures and lowering hot water temperature. However, they did not invest more in home energy renovations or other costly changes, such as replacing inefficient appliances. We discuss implications of this experiment for enhancing effectiveness of Extension-based energy education programs.

53. Socio-economic factors influencing adoption of conservation agriculture in Moroto District, Uganda

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Esabu, A. (author) and Ngwenya, E. (author)
Format:: Journal Article
Publication Date:: 2019-08-08
Published:: South Africa: South African Society for Agricultural Extension
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 202 Document Number: D12026
Journal Title:: South African Journal of Agricultural Extension
Journal Title Details:: 47, no. 2 (2019)
Notes:: 13 Pages, This research was conducted to assess socio-economic factors influencing adoption of conservation agriculture in Moroto District of Uganda. The socio-economic factors, the level of conservation agriculture, and the constraints faced by the farmers were assessed. A cross-sectional research design was utilised to collect data from 80 farmers (adopters and non-adopters of conservation agriculture). Purposive random sampling was applied to select seven key informants in the two sub-counties of Katikekile and Nadunget, and four villages of Nakodet, Nakwanga, Napudes and Komare. Data were collected through personal observation, interviews, focus group discussions, and structured questionnaires. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to generate descriptive and inferential statistics for quantitative data analysis. The binary probit model was used to determine the socio-economic factors influencing adoption of conservation agriculture. The findings indicate that there was a significant influence for gender (p<0.01), but a statistically significant influence for credit and extension services (p<0.05). Finally, the adoption rate of conservation agriculture is still low given the size of land dedicated to it by most farmers. Therefore, this study recommends that government and other institutions should strengthen the agricultural extension system, provide financial support and incentives, and sensitize farmers on conservation agriculture.

54. Agriculture–nutrition linkages in farmers’ communication networks

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Jäckering, Lisa (author), Gödecke, Theda (author), and Wollni, Meike (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-08
Published:: Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 78 Document Number: D10824
Journal Title:: Agricultural Economics
Notes:: 16 pages., via online journal., To date, little is known about how information flows within farmer groups and how extension interventions could be designed to deliver combined information on agriculture and nutrition. This study uses unique network data from 815 farm households in Kenya to investigate the structure and characteristics of agricultural and nutrition information networks within farmer groups. Dyadic regressions are used to analyze the factors influencing link formation for the exchange of agricultural and nutrition information. In addition, we apply fixed‐effects models to identify the characteristics of central persons driving information exchange in the two networks, as well as potentially isolated persons, who are excluded from information networks within their farmer groups. Our results show that nutrition information is exchanged within farmer groups, although to a limited extent, and mostly flows through the existing agricultural information links. Thus, diffusing nutrition information through agricultural extension systems may be a viable approach. Our findings further suggest that group leaders and persons living in central locations are important drivers in the diffusion of information in both networks and may thus serve as suitable entry points for nutrition‐sensitive extension programs. However, we also identify important heterogeneities in network characteristics. In particular, nutrition information is less often exchanged between men and women, and some group members are completely isolated from nutrition information exchange within their farmer groups. We derive recommendations on taking these differences in network structure and characteristics into account when designing nutrition‐sensitive extension programs.

55. Perspectives on place-based local leadership programs: fostering leadership and community attachment in youths

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Corboy, John Trevor M. (author), Warner, Laura A. (author), and Benge, Matt (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-08
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 108 Document Number: D10950
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(4)
Notes:: 11 pages., Article # 4FEA3, via online journal, Leadership development, service learning, place-based education, and economic revitalization are topics relevant to Extension. We performed an evaluation to determine whether a place-based leadership program in Clermont County, Ohio, helps students develop leadership skills and encourages their return to the community. Program evaluation data collected via a web-based survey indicated that 80% of youths planned to return to the area to live and work, an action that would contribute to revitalization of the community. Extension professionals can use findings from our evaluation as a basis for improving existing programs, structuring new youth leadership initiatives, and communicating the value of place-based youth leadership programs to stakeholders.

56. Construction and validation of a psychometric scale to assess extension agents’ beliefs about extension and innovation

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Landini, Fernando (author), Beramendi, Maite (author), and University of La Cuenca del Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) School of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-07-24
Published:: Argentina: Taylor and Francis
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 101 Document Number: D10880
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
Journal Title Details:: 25(5) : 318-399
Notes:: 18 pages, online journal article, Purpose This article aims at designing and validating a psychometric scale to assess extensionists’ and advisors’ beliefs about extension and innovation. Design/Methodology/approach The scale was developed by drawing upon results from a previous empirical research as well as insights from a literature review on extension and innovation approaches. The theoretical framework used to write the items was validated by 12 international experts from 11 countries. 608 Argentine extension workers completed the questionnaire. Replies were analysed using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Findings The scale has a good fit and satisfactory level of internal consistency. Five factors were identified: Dialogue and horizontal coordination; Transfer of technology; Blame on farmers; Participatory, farmer-led extension; and Self-critical attitude. Practical implications The scale has multiple and different uses, including research, theory development, institutional practice, diagnosis, and teaching. Theoretical implications Results show that a horizontal, facilitative extension approach shares a common epistemology, as well as underlying values and assumptions, with territorial development and with an innovation systems perspective, and that both contrast with a traditional transfer of technology approach. Nonetheless, practitioners would not tend to see these two contrasting perspectives as contradictory but as complementary. Originality/Value The scale is the first validated psychometric instrument, based on an ample theoretical framework, that allows for a quantitative assessment of beliefs about extension and innovation.

57. Agriculture–nutrition linkages in farmers’ communication networks

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Jäckering, Lisa (author), Gödecke, Theda (author), Wollni, Meike (author), and Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-07-10
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 114 Document Number: D10997
Journal Title:: Agricultural Economics
Journal Title Details:: 50 : 657-672
Notes:: 16 pages., Wiley Online Library, To date, little is known about how information flows within farmer groups and how extension interventions could be designed to deliver combined information on agriculture and nutrition. This study uses unique network data from 815 farm households in Kenya to investigate the structure and characteristics of agricultural and nutrition information networks within farmer groups. Dyadic regressions are used to analyze the factors influencing link formation for the exchange of agricultural and nutrition information. In addition, we apply fixed-effects models to identify the characteristics of central persons driving information exchange in the two networks, as well as potentially isolated persons, who are excluded from information networks within their farmer groups. Our results show that nutrition information is exchanged within farmer groups, although to a limited extent, and mostly flows through the existing agricultural information links. Thus, diffusing nutrition information through agricultural extension systems may be a viable approach. Our findings further suggest that group leaders and persons living in central locations are important drivers in the diffusion of information in both networks and may thus serve as suitable entry points for nutritionsensitive extension programs. However, we also identify important heterogeneities in network characteristics. In particular, nutrition information is less often exchanged between men and women, and some group members are completely isolated from nutrition information exchange within their farmer groups. We derive recommendations on taking these differences in network structure and characteristics into account when designing nutrition-sensitive extension programs.

58. Addressing scientific literacy in Oklahoma: the STEMist program

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Branscum, Hannah (author) and Sallee, Jeff (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-06
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 32 Document Number: D10609
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(3)
Notes:: 4 pages., Article #:3IAW1, via online journal., Scientific literacy is essential for success of youth and adults in the 21st century. In 2017, Oklahoma 4-H Youth Development initiated a fellowship program to address scientific literacy throughout Oklahoma: the STEMist program. Through this program, college students with a background or interest in science are recruited, trained, and sent to teach science workshops to youths at various educational events during the summer months. In its inaugural year, the program reached over 2,000 youths. The program addresses scientific literacy, aids in career readiness, and promotes 4-H to audiences previously unaware of the positive impact it can have on today's young people.

59. Effective communication of 4-H program essentials to 4-H families

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Lewis, Kendra M. (author), Borba, John (author), Hill, Russell D. (author), and Miller, JoLynn C. (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-06
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 32 Document Number: D10613
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(3)
Notes:: 4 pages., Article #: 3TOT5, via online journal., Youths and parents in the California 4-H program have reported issues with communication and challenges in understanding the program. As a result, we developed a family handbook and other supporting documents to help youths and parents navigate the California 4-H program. This article addresses the development, dissemination, and reach of the handbook. Additionally, the article discusses future directions and implications for other Extension programs.

60. Public scholarship: a tool for strengthening relationships across extension, campus, and community

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Monk, J. Kale (author), Benson, Jacquelyn J. (author), and Bordere, Tashel C. (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-06
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 32 Document Number: D10610
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(3)
Notes:: 5 pages., Article #:3TOT1, via online journal., Higher education resources are increasingly limited due to declining budget revenue and other challenges. Thus, it is vital for Cooperative Extension to synergize efforts of disseminating education to the public. Promoting public scholarship in and beyond Extension is a promising initiative that can foster collaborations by leveraging existing resources in advancing the Extension mission. We highlight a new program aimed at encouraging a culture of public scholarship across academia. The program is intended to increase knowledge about public scholarship and awareness of its benefits to stakeholders, identify barriers to public scholarship, and provide concrete examples of ways Extension and non-Extension faculty can collaborate on research and programming efforts.

61. The family mealtime study: parent socialization and context during family meals

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Kok, Car Mun (author), Torquati, Julia (author), and De Guzman, Maria (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-06
Published:: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 32 Document Number: D10608
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(3)
Notes:: 16 pages., Article #:3RIB3, via online journal., Research on the family mealtime has shown its importance for youths' dietary attitudes and behaviors. Youths who have more frequent family meals often have more healthful dietary behaviors. However, little is known about the context and processes related to how family mealtimes affect youths' dietary behaviors. To address this gap, we examined the context of family mealtimes and parent socialization that occurs during family meals through mealtime observations and interviews. Family mealtimes are valued by parents, and our findings can be useful to Extension professionals in educating parents and families regarding shaping of family mealtimes, feeding strategies, and nutrition.

62. Assessing the social media use and needs of small rural retailers: implications for extension program support

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Son, Jihyeong (author), Niehm, Linda S. (author), Russell, Daniel W. (author), and Lee, Juyoung (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-04
Published:: USA: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 12 Document Number: D10424
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(2)
Notes:: 7 pages., Article # 2RIB2, Via online journal., To assess small rural retailers' use of social media and the role of social media in their business sustainability, we conducted focus group interviews with small business owners/managers from rural communities in a midwestern state. Participants revealed strong interest in social media, especially for use in sales and marketing. However, their engagement in social media was limited due to lack of knowledge and resources (i.e., time, human resources, financial resources, effectiveness measurement) related to developing and updating content. On the basis of these findings, we examine implications for Extension professionals and outreach educators regarding social media needs and programming for small rural businesses.

63. Communication, information sharing, and advisory services to raise awareness for fall armyworm detection and area-wide management by farmers

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Toepfer, Stefan (author), Kuhlmann, Ulrich (author), Kansiime, Monica (author), Onyango Owino, David (author), Tamsin, Davis (author), Cameron, Katherine (author), and Day, Roger (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-04
Published:: Germany: Springer
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 12 Document Number: D10360
Journal Title:: Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection
Journal Title Details:: 126(2) : 103–106
Notes:: 4 pages., Via online journal., This is an opinion paper to the perspective paper “The spread of the Fall Army Worm Spodoptera frugiperda in Africa—what should be done next?” from the “Section Plant Protection in the Tropics and Subtropics” at the 61st German Congress of Plant Protection, held at the University of Hohenheim, Germany, on 11 September 2018. It highlights the best approaches in communication, information sharing, and advisory services to raise awareness for fall armyworm detection and area-wide management by farmers.

64. Ten tools for creating attention-getting social media messages

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: O'Neill, Barbara (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-04
Published:: USA: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 16 Document Number: D10452
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(2)
Notes:: 6 pages, article 2TOT7, via online journal, It is not enough to simply post text in social media messages. Tweets with images garner three times more engagement, such as through likes, retweets, follows, clicks, and comments. Social media messages without accompanying visuals are a missed opportunity. This article describes 10 simple tools and accompanying techniques for creating attractive graphics and videos for use with social media: Canva, Paint, Piktochart, grayed out images, hand-drawn sketches, stock images, personal photos, PicCollage, GIFs, and Boomerang. Visuals should be copyright free and fit the content of a post. Time can be saved through repurposing existing images and videos for use in social media content.

65. Assessment of farmers on their knowledge regarding pesticide usage and biosafety

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Mubushar, Muhammad; (author), Aldosari, Fahad O. (author), Baig, Mirza B. (author), Alotaibi, Bader M. (author), and Khan, Abdul Qader (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-03-06
Published:: Saudi Arabia: Scholars Middle East Publishers
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 207 Document Number: D13066
Journal Title:: Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
Journal Title Details:: V.26, Iss.7
Notes:: 8 pages, Purpose Inappropriate application of pesticides is quite common in the study area, causing health issues and in some cases fatalities. The intent of the current study is to gauge the farmers’ level of knowledge on the safe usage of pesticides and biosafety to keep the famers healthy through the focused extension programs. Methodology The study is carried out in 41 union councils of Tehsil Sahiwal, District Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan. Data are collected through a cluster sampling technique by conducting face-to-face interviews. Statistical analysis is used to determine relationships and interpret them. Results The findings show that the majority of farmers (87.2%) earn their livelihoods from farming and 2.1% are traders. More than half of the respondents (51.8%) own small land-holdings with an area of 4–8 ha, with only 16.4% having a land area of more than 12 ha. The results also reveal that the majority of respondents obtain information from private agents and only about one third (34.4%) respondents get information on the safe usage of pesticides from the Department of Agriculture (Extension). The internet has emerged as a fast and reliable source of information in the new paradigm; however, only 14.4% of the respondents take advantage of this economical and fast information tool/medium. The findings also reveal that the farmers employ unhealthy and poor practices by not following the recommendations regarding the safe usage of pesticides. The study also reveals that more than half of the farmers (54.4%) use unsafe storage practices on their farms, and about 48.2% do not follow the instructions. Conclusions Inappropriate application of pesticides can have negative effects on human health and the adoption safety measures are necessary to avoid the harmful effects of pesticides. Due to high illiteracy in the area, farmers mainly seek advice of neighboring farmers, having ignorance on the biosafety issues. Variables like education level, land ownership, total land size and the trainings on safe pesticide usage significantly influence the knowledge level of farmers on the safe usage of pesticides. Recommendations Farmers do not follow the recommendations of the extension department or the instructions printed on pesticide bottles/containers, therefore educational (formal and informal) and training programs are necessary on the safe pesticide usage to upgrade their skills and expertise on safe usage of pesticides and the importance of biosafety.

66. Exploring communication tendencies of program facilitators

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Kurtzo, Fawn (author), Edgar, Leslie D. (author), Edgar, Don W. (author), Graham, Donna L. (author), and Russell, Mark (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-03
Published:: USA: Association for Communication Excellence
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 7 Document Number: D10237
Journal Title:: Journal of Applied Communications
Journal Title Details:: 103(1) : 1-17
Notes:: pgs. 1-17; Article 3, Via online journal., Audience analysis is a critical skill to forge relationships and develop effective communications. Programs provided by the Cooperative Extension Service must be aware of external and internal audiences to provide relevant information and evoke impacts. Berlo’s (1960) Source-Message-Channel-Receiver Model of Communications guided this formative evaluation of Extension staff, and horse 4-H club volunteer leaders (program facilitators) to expose internal communication tendencies in Arkansas. Findings identified that program facilitators seek horse-related information from a variety of sources, most frequently relying on personal connections and least frequently seeking Extension sources. Program facilitators share a variety of messages and most frequently relay information about deadlines to club members. Messages about recruitment and fundraising were shared least often. Program facilitators described utilizing a variety of personal and electronic channels to share messages with the greatest frequency for in-person communications. Incoming channels were less diverse than outgoing channels and primarily featured email, which program facilitators preferred. Program facilitators are primarily female, aged in their thirties, described lifetime involvement with 4-H and the horse industry, and most frequently reported having less than five years’ experience in their current position. The ground-level perspective of facilitators’ demographics and communication tendencies was evident in results of this study. In application, practitioners must continue to actively seek relationships with audiences, remain cognizant of communication factors, and provide accurate messaging through preferred channels.

67. Perceptions of precision agriculture technologies in the U.S. fresh apple industry

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Gallardo, Karina R. (author), Grant, Kara (author), Brown, David J. (author), McFerson, James R. (author), Lewis, Karen M. (author), Einhorn, Todd (author), Sazo, Mario Miranda (author), and Washington State University Michigan State University Cornell Cooperative Extension
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-02-28
Published:: United States: American Society for Horticultural Science
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 15 Document Number: D10435
Journal Title:: HortTechnology
Journal Title Details:: 29(2) : 151-162
Notes:: 12 pages., Via online journal., Advances in precision agriculture technologies provide opportunities to improve the efficiency of agricultural production systems, especially for high-value specialty crops such as fresh apples (Malus domestica). We distributed an online survey to apple growers in Washington, New York, and Michigan to elicit stakeholder perceptions of precision agriculture technologies. Findings from this study demonstrated that growers are willing to adopt precision agriculture technologies when they receive results from applied research projects and are engaged with active extension programs. The availability of customized services and purchasing and rental options may minimize the effects of the economies of size that create barriers to adopting increasing access to technologies. Finally, respondents deemed collaborative efforts between industry and academic institutions crucial for adapting the innovation to better address the needs of growers.

68. Building success of food hubs through understanding of the cooperative experience

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Schmit, Todd M. (author) and Severson, Roberta M. (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-02
Published:: USA: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 4 Document Number: D10189
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(1) : 1-9
Notes:: 9 pages., Article # 1RIB4, Via online journal., Food hubs represent a business model through which farmers can collectively market product to access new supply chains and buyers can efficiently access locally sourced foods. Many farmer marketing cooperatives fit within the food hub definition and have existed for decades. Accordingly, much can be learned from them to support food hub business planning efforts. We developed and synthesized case studies of three successful cooperatives in order to match key food hub operational challenges with recommended best management practices. Such information is useful for Extension education efforts supporting the development of economically viable food hub businesses.

69. Edible insect workshop engages public in sustainable food conversation

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Jasinski, James (author), Kulhanek, Ashley (author), and Shumaker, Kate (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-02
Published:: USA: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 5 Document Number: D10192
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(1) : 1-6
Notes:: 6 pages., Article # 1IAW7, Via online journal., A 6-hr train-the-trainer workshop focused on introducing the concept that insects may play a significant role in food security as the world population is projected to exceed 9 billion people by the mid 21st century. Workshop topics including cultural, nutritional, culinary, and commercial aspects surrounding edible insects were presented and packaged into a formal curriculum for later use by the participants. A 12-item sensory evaluation of insect-fortified foods provided participants a tangible experience with product palatability. By the end of the workshop, participants had increased various dimensions of their knowledge about edible insects and reported a generally positive perception toward insect-based foods.

70. Extension investing resources for the millennial generation: an exploratory study

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Kristen Sumpter (author) and Joan Koonce (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-02
Published:: USA: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 4 Document Number: D10190
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 57(1) : 1-9
Notes:: 9 pages., Article # 1RIB10, Via online journal., Millennials have different investing knowledge and behaviors than generations in the past. Moreover, as compared to baby boomers, millennials have more debt and less wealth to invest. We used current literature and information collected from Extension educators to explore the values, investing behaviors, learning styles, and loyalty attitudes of millennials. We also examined and evaluated investment resources that had been created or adapted by four Extension faculty members across the nation. A proposed framework with suggestions for future research is provided.

71. Using the theory of planned behaviour framework to understand Tasmanian dairy farmer engagement with extension activities to inform future delivery

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Turner, Lyia (author), Hall, Alison (author), Kilpatrick, Sue (author), and Dairy Australia
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2019-02-01
Published:: Tasmania, Australia: Taylor & Francis
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 151 Document Number: D10118
Journal Title:: The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
Journal Title Details:: 25(1)
Notes:: 17 pages, via online journal, Translator disclaimer Full Article Figures & data References Citations Metrics Reprints & Permissions Get access ABSTRACT Purpose: To identify and understand factors influencing farmers’ decisions to engage with extension activities. To understand farmer segments and how these factors vary in order to develop recommendations for future extension delivery. Methodology: Qualitative data was obtained through semi-structured interviews with 30 Tasmanian dairy farmers. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) framework was used to identify and explore factors influencing farmer engagement intentions and behaviour. Findings: There was a negative effect of social influence on experienced farmers’ intention to re-engage with extension, due to the belief extension activities were targeted to less experienced, younger farmers. Perceived control factors limiting engagement included lack of confidence about existing knowledge, resulting in farmers perceiving extension activities as confronting. Practical implications: Key factors influencing intention to engage and continued engagement with extension were identified. These findings will inform future design and targeting of extension activities to improve initial and continued engagement. Subsequent recommendations are presented. Theoretical implications: Previous TPB studies on adoption as an outcome of extension have typically focused on quantifying adoption predictions, rather than exploring how social factors interact and influence intentions and behaviours. This paper demonstrates how the TPB can be qualitatively applied to better understand farmer decision making, in this instance with respect to their initial and continued engagement with extension. Originality/value: This paper demonstrates how the TPB can provide an evidence-based framework to qualitatively explore farmer intentions and behaviour. This approach has led to new insights into farmer decision making that will inform improvements in future extension development.

72. Agricultural research capacity and extension linkages in Myanmar: assessment and recommendations

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Broughton, Duncan (author) and Win, Su Su (author)
Format:: Research summary
Publication Date:: 2019
Published:: Myanmar: Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 166 Document Number: D11673
Notes:: 7 pages., Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Food Security Policy, Research Paper 131, Burma Food Security Policy Project (FSPP)., Analysis revealed that Myanmar has one of the smallest, most underfunded agricultural research systems in Southeast Asia. It is cited as having critical gaps in research capacity, an agricultural research capacity that is highly fragmented, weak linkages between research and extension at local level, and lack of overall strategy for development of agricultural research and extension. Strong economic justification was cited for higher rates of investment in agricultural research, along with recommendations for action.

73. An evaluation of small groups serving as an engine room for innovation in the Northern Territory mango industry

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Hunt, Warren (author), McConchie, Cameron (author), Healy, Matthew (author), and Corriveau, Amelie (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2019
Published:: Australia
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 163 Document Number: D11652
Journal Title:: Rural Extension and Innovation Systems Journal
Journal Title Details:: 15(1) : 73-80
Notes:: 8 pages., Case study of an extension project based around small groups associated with the mango industry from 2012-2015.

74. Peer support model as catalyst for change

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Conway, Camille (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2019
Published:: Australia
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 163 Document Number: D11651
Journal Title:: Rural Extension and Innovation Systems Journal
Journal Title Details:: 15(1) : 81-85
Notes:: 5 pages., Author reported "overwhelming response" to biofertiliser courses delivered by community-based family enterprise RegenAG and hosted on-farm by landholders in central Queensland, with the support of Fitzroy Basin Association (FBA) - as "catalyst for forming a community of practice for peer-to-peer support and mentoring in regenerative agriculture."

75. Prioritisation in practice: targeted extension in Great Barrier Reef water quality improvement programs

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Hepburn, Lana (author) and Nash, Michael (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2019
Published:: Australia
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 163 Document Number: D11650
Journal Title:: Rural Extension and Innovation Systems Journal
Journal Title Details:: 15(1) : 86-92
Notes:: 7 pages., Article presents learnings and observations from the perspective of delivering a targeted sugarcane agricultural extension program across the Wet Tropics. "Importantly, this program has continued to find the need to understand and align with local community and industry dynamics to ensure prioritisation supports the intended outcomes, including that communities and landholders are actively engaged in water quality improvement and remain resilient."

76. Switching up climate-smart agriculture adoption: Do "green" subsidies, insurance, risk aversion and impatience matter?

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Ngoma, Hambulo (author), Mason-Wardell, Nichole M. (author), Samboko, Paul C. (author), and Hangoma, Peter (author)
Format:: Research summary
Publication Date:: 2019
Published:: Zambia: Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 166 Document Number: D11674
Notes:: 4 pages., Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Food Security Policy, Research Paper 164., Using games, researchers tested the hypothesis that innate behavioral traits such as risk and time preferences play a role in Zambia farmers' decisions about adoption of Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices. "Given our findings that more risk-averse individuals are less likely to adopt CSA, a practice that is intended to be risk-reducing, a key policy implication is the need for a retooling of both public and private extension services to better demonstrate and educate farmers on the risk-reducing effect of CSA practices such as conservation agriculture. Moreover, if insurance and subsidies are to be used successfully to nudge adoption, extension will need to educate farmers on the structure of and mechanisms of payouts. This is important to build trust in the incentive systems.

77. The Food Factor: Perceptions of the brand

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Brubaker, McKayla (author), Settle, Quisto (author), Downey, Laura (author), Hardman, Alisha (author), and Oklahoma State University Mississippi State University
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2019
Published:: United States: New Prairie Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 7 Document Number: D10246
Journal Title:: Journal of Applied Communications
Journal Title Details:: 101(3)
Notes:: 19 pages., Via online journal., Mississippi residents were surveyed to determine their perceptions surrounding the The Food Factor brand. The Food Factor is a weekly Extension mass media program that communicates research-based information about food, nutrition, diet, and healthy lifestyles. A researcher-developed survey instrument was used to collect information using Qualtrics. The sample consisted of a representative sample of 404 Mississippi residents over the age of 18. Nonprobability quota sampling was used to examine population segments related to sex, Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic populations, and other racial demographic segments. The respondents were asked about their use and awareness of The Food Factor, where they were split into viewer and non-viewer categories. Viewers were asked about their viewing frequency, perceptions and skills learned related to watching The Food Factor, and their nutrition-related behaviors. Non-viewers were also asked about their perceptions of The Food Factor between branded and non-branded The Food Factor episodes. This study found the The Food Factor brand lacked brand recognition and recall. However, the respondents had a slightly positive perception of the brand. Overall, this study could not conclude that branding of the episodes was making a difference in non-viewers’ perceptions, despite the fact that many previous studies have identified branding as an important strategy in social marketing. Recommendations include a consistent and increased use of the brand, such as subtitles or logos, and future research on the use of branding in social marketing program, social marketing in Extension, and the role of branding in mass media programs.

78. How to make farming and agricultural extension more nutrition-sensitive: evidence from a randomised controlled trial in Kenya

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Ogutu, Sylvester Ochieng (author), Fongar, Andrea (author), Godecke, Theda (author), Jackering, Lisa (author), Mwololo, Henry (author), and Njuguna, Michael (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2018-12-18
Published:: International: Oxford University Press
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: D12393
Journal Title:: European Review of Agricultural Economics
Journal Title Details:: Volume 47, Issue 1
Notes:: 24 pages., We analyse how agricultural extension can be made more effective in terms of increasing farmers’ adoption of pro-nutrition technologies, such as biofortified crops. In a randomised controlled trial with farmers in Kenya, we implemented several extension treatments and evaluated their effects on the adoption of beans biofortified with iron and zinc. Difference-in-difference estimates show that intensive agricultural training can increase technology adoption considerably. Additional nutrition training helps farmers to better appreciate the technology’s nutritional benefits and thus further increases adoption. This study is among the first to analyse how improved extension designs can help to make smallholder farming more nutrition-sensitive

79. Model Integrated Pest Management Program Delivery for Community Gardeners

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Barrett, Eric (author / Ohio State University Extension), Kowalski, Jacqueline (author / Ohio State University Extension), and Ohio State University
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2018-12
Published:: USA: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 151 Document Number: D10117
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 56(7)
Notes:: 5 pages., via online journal, The growth of community gardens has created new opportunities for urban Extension personnel at a time when staffing resources continue to decline. To serve the integrated pest management (IPM) needs of community gardening populations, Extension educators in two urban counties developed an on-site program involving a demonstration kit and planning protocol that Extension educators, program staff, and master gardener volunteers can use to teach IPM. The program provides practical, research-based information to community gardeners, allows Extension to maintain a presence in urban centers, and provides outreach to audiences who may not have used Extension resources historically.

80. Case studies using social media events and stories to increase program participation

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Stearns, Stacey (author / University of Connecticut)
Format:: Presentation
Publication Date:: 2018-08
Published:: USA
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 199 Document Number: D09901
Notes:: Presentation at the Association of Communication Excellence (ACE) conference during the Agricultural Media Summit, Scottsdale, Arizona, August 4-8, 2018. 18 pages.

81. Comparison of presentation method effectiveness for dissemination of pesticide-free turfgrass management information

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Campbell, Julie H. (author), Henderson, Jason J. (author), Wallace, Victoria H. (author), and University of Georgia University of Connecticut Department of Extension, University of Connecticut
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2018-08
Published:: United States: American Society for Horticultural Science
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 11 Document Number: D10327
Journal Title:: HortTechnology
Journal Title Details:: 28(4) : 536-542
Notes:: 7 pages., Via online journal., This study examined how different presentation formats affected knowledge gain among school grounds managers. Results indicate large-group participants (presentation to ≈50 participants at a turfgrass field day) had greater knowledge retention than small-group participants (presentation to 6–10 participants at an interactive workshop). Small-group attendees had more flexibility to discuss issues that affected them directly and may have focused on those issues instead of the targeted information. Large-group meetings were more ridged in format and attendees were less able to deviate from the main subject matter being presented. However, the value of the small-group meeting should not be discounted, especially when athletic field grounds managers and staff require information specific to their situation. When disseminating more general information, the large-group meeting format is a better means of delivery.

82. Extension Master Gardener volunteers of the 21st century: Educated, prosperous, and committed

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Dorn, Sher T. (author), Newberry III, Milton G. (author), Bauske, Ellen M. (author), Pennisi, Svoboda V. (author), and University of Georgia
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2018-08
Published:: United States: American Society for Horticultural Science
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 11 Document Number: D10332
Journal Title:: HortTechnology
Journal Title Details:: 28(2) : 218-229
Notes:: 12 pages., Via online journal., This present quantitative study documented the demographic base of 21st century Extension Master Gardener (EMG) volunteers in the United States. As the EMG program approaches its fifth decade and momentum builds for national leadership, collaborative programming, and innovative impact reporting, it is important to understand the characteristics of the current volunteers and their coordinators. A national study of EMG coordinators and volunteers was conducted in Fall 2016. Response was strong, representing 71.4% of state programs and 7498 volunteers. Responding state coordinators are primarily white females, have a mean age of 51.2 years, and have served in their position an average of 7.2 years. Most state coordinators (94.1%) have a graduate degree (master’s or higher). Responding local coordinators are primarily white females, have a mean age of 51.9 years, and have served in their position 7.5 years. Some local coordinators (57.4%) have a graduate degree (master’s or higher). EMG volunteers responding were primarily female, white, educated, retired, and of economic means; have a mean age of 64.8 years; and have served an average of 7.7 years. Four generations [Traditionalist (born 1925–42), Baby Boomer (born 1943–60), GenX (born 1961–81), and GenY (born 1982–2000)] were represented in survey responses. EMG volunteers were 14.5% Traditionalists, 73.2% Baby Boomers, 11.5% GenX, and 0.9% GenY. There were significant differences in the age, age at initial training, years of active service, and service hours reported in 2015 (the prior complete program cycle) among four generations of EMG volunteers. Responses from EMG volunteers and their coordinators represented all six extension programmatic regions established by the EMG National Committee. Significant differences in age, years of service, and number of volunteer service hours reported in 2015 exist among EMG volunteers across extension programmatic regions. The majority of EMG volunteers responding to the survey indicated they volunteered in an urban county (80.5%), whereas 17.2% of respondents served in a suburban county and 2.1% were connected with rural counties. There were no significant differences in the average age, years of service, and number of volunteer service hours reported in 2015 for EMG volunteers in urban, suburban, and rural programs. Historical data and the present study share similar trends within demographics, including age, income, gender, education, and race/ethnicity, yet offer important considerations for future program growth and development.

83. Can community-based organisations deliver adequate agricultural information to farmers? Evidence from rural resources centers in Cameroon

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Kenfack Essougong, Urcil Papito (author), Fongang Fouepe, Guillaume Hensel (author), and Degrande, Ann (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2018-01-30
Published:: USA: SAGE Journals
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 7 Document Number: D10229
Journal Title:: Information Development
Notes:: 12 pages., Via online journal., Rural Resources Centers (RRCs) managed by community-based organisations, where farmers come together for training and demonstration, have been an innovative extension approach in Cameroon since 2006. This paper describes information flow in RRCs and farmers’ assessment of RRCs as information sources. All the RRCs in Cameroon were studied and 29 group interviews, involving 118 producers and 7 individual interviews with RRC managers, were performed. RRCs share information with several stakeholders including farmers, research institutions, and educational and religious institutions; and interpersonal channels are commonly used. Farmers and agricultural extension workers are the most important sources of information for RRCs. Farmers rank RRCs as their second best sources of information after fellow farmers. On average, each year, RRCs organise at least 40 training sessions for about 1777 participants. The themes are mainly agroforestry (29%), marketing (20%), group dynamics (20%) and post-harvest techniques (11%). The issue of funding the activities of the RRCs needs to be addressed, they need to be better structured, and their human resources increased and strengthened.

84. Identifying Generational Differences to Target Extension Programming when Discussing Genetic Modification

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Beattie, Peyton (author), Lamm, Alexa J. (author), Rumble, Joy N. (author), and Ellis, Jason D. (author)
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2018
Published:: United States: The American Association for Agricultural Education
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 131 Document Number: D11320
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Education
Journal Title Details:: 59(3) : 154-168
Notes:: 15 pages., via online journal, Genetic modification (GM) science has received considerable pushback from consumers despite the research finding GM products are safe for consumption. This may be partly due to the disconnect between consumers and farms since most consumers are disconnected from the farm by at least three generations. The largest consumer population is composed of millennials, which is the generation furthest removed from the farm which may mean they need to be educated differently about GM science than other generations. The purpose of this research was to determine if there were generational differences regarding the perceived attributes of GM science to inform the development of extension programs designed to educate consumers about GM science. A survey was used to collect consumers’ perceptions of GM science. The respondents were grouped into generational classifications and perceptions between groups were compared. The findings revealed generations do perceived GM science differently and extension programs should be designed for specific generational audiences.

85. Mobilizing Rural Communities to Prevent Childhood Obesity: A Tool Kit

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Smathers, Carol A. (author), Lobb, Jennifer M. (author), and Ohio State University Extension
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2017-12
Published:: United States`: Extension Journal, Inc.
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 132 Document Number: D11352
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 55(6)
Notes:: 5 pages, via online journal, The tool kit Mobilizing Rural Communities to Prevent Childhood Obesity is the product of a seven-state multidisciplinary research project focused on enhancing obesity prevention efforts by integrating community coaching into the work of rural community coalitions. The interactive tool kit is available at no cost both in print form and online, and it consists of five tutorials that present best practices and lessons learned throughout the research project. Extension professionals working within health promotion coalitions may wish to use or promote the tool kit. Coalition members can complete the activities contained in the tool kit individually or as a group.

86. Farmers' participation in extension programs and techonology adoption in rural Nepal: a logistic regression analysis

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Suvedia, Murari (author), Ghimire, Raju (author), Kaplowitz, Michael (author), and Michigan State University
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2017-05-14
Published:: United States: Taylor & Francis
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 109 Document Number: D10980
Journal Title:: The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
Journal Title Details:: 23(4) : 351-371
Notes:: 20 pages, via online journal, Purpose: This paper examines the factors affecting farmers’ participation in extension programs and adoption of improved seed varieties in the hills of rural Nepal. Methodology/approach: Cross-sectional farm-level data were collected during July and August 2014. A sample of 198 farm households was selected for interviewing by using a multistage, random sampling technique. We employed a logistic regression model, frequency counts, and percentages to analyze the data. Findings: Adoption decisions were mainly affected by extension-related variables – training, membership in a farmers’ group, and off-farm employment. Extension participation was found to be influenced by socioeconomic variables – age, education, household size, and distance to the extension office. Our findings reveal that distance to the extension office and off-farm employment limited participation in extension activities and adoption, respectively, and education, household size, and group membership stimulated participation in extension programs. Practical implications: Recognition of the determinants of farmers’ participation in extension services and innovation adoption ensures that targeted extension approaches are used to address these factors in various stages of planning, delivering, and evaluating extension programs. Theoretical implications: Innovation adoption follows a systematic decision-making process. Although personal characteristics are important, widespread use of new technology requires a conducive social and institutional context. Because contexts vary by country or region, extension services providers should create institutions favorable for innovation adoption within a social system. Originality/value: This research is original and highly valuable to identify the factors associated with extension participation and innovation adoption in the rural hilly region of Nepal. This also provides a new direction to operationalize farmer-oriented policies of agricultural extension and so can be helpful for agricultural policy-makers in devising programs of extension services.

87. Trends and Characteristics of Occupational Suicide and Homicide in Farmers and Agriculture Workers, 1992-2010

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Ringgenberg, Wendy (author), Peek-Asa, Corinne (author), Donham, Kelley (author), Ramirez, Marizen (author), and University of Iowa
Format:: Online journal article
Publication Date:: 2017-05-02
Published:: United States: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 130 Document Number: D11279
Journal Title:: The Journal of Rural Health
Journal Title Details:: 34(3) : 246-253
Notes:: 8 pages., via online journal, OBJECTIVE: We examined work-related homicides and suicides among farm operators/workers in the United States from 1992 to 2010. METHODS: Work-related homicide and suicide cases from 1992 to 2010 were obtained from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. To calculate rates, denominator data on the US working population were also obtained from 2003 to 2010 Current Population Survey. Logistic regression was used to identify factors that were differentially associated with homicide and suicide. RESULTS: Over these 19 years, 171 farm operators/workers died from homicide and 230 died from suicide. When compared to rates of all workers, suicide rates were higher while homicide rates were lower among farm operators/workers. Males (OR = 6.1), whites (OR = 4.7), and 35- to 54-year-old (OR = 2.3) farm operators/workers had increased odds of suicide over homicide compared with their respective counterparts (ie, females, nonwhites, <35-year-olds). Those working in smaller farm operations with <11 employees had 1.7 times the odds of suicide over homicide. CONCLUSIONS: Suicide and homicide are both present in the agricultural industry, with suicide being more common than homicide. Translation of suicide prevention programs should be explored for the agricultural industry.

88. Achieving on-farm practice change through facilitated group learning: evaluating the effectiveness of monitor farms and discussion groups

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Prager, Katrin (author) and Creaney, Rachel (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2017
Published:: International
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 132 Document Number: D11345
Journal Title:: Journal of Rural Studies
Journal Title Details:: 56 : 1-11
Notes:: November issue., Article investigated two examples of group extension for knowledge exchange and innovation among farmers, discussions within the Beef Technology Adoption Programme (BTAP) in Ireland and monitor farms in Scotland.

89. Assessing the competencies and training needs of agricultural extension workers in Saudi Arabia

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Al-Zahrani, K.H. (author), Aldosari, F.O. (author), Baig, M.B. (author), Shalaby, M.Y. (author), and Straquadine, G.S. (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2017
Published:: Saudi Arabia: Tarbiat Modares University
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 162 Document Number: D08033
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
Journal Title Details:: 19 (1): 33-46

90. Determinants of rice farmers' utilization of agricultural information in centralThailand

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Aonngernthayakorn, Kijsart (author) and Pongquan, Soparth (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2017
Published:: Thailand
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 169 Document Number: D08723
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural and Food Information
Journal Title Details:: 18(1) : 25-43

91. Quantifying the effectiveness of extension delivery methods on practice change - the experience of the Grazing BMP [Best Management Practices] Extension Support Project

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Moravek, Timothy (author), Nelson, Brigid (author), Anderson, Angela (author), and Reid, David (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2017
Published:: Australia: Australasia-Pacific Extension Network (APEN)
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 124 Document Number: D11208
Journal Title:: Rural Extension and Innovation Systems Journal
Journal Title Details:: 13(2) : 70-75
Notes:: Addressed the effectiveness of extension delivery methods used by the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries beef extension team in enabling change in producer practice. Findings were based on a survey of randomly selected producers who had engaged with the project from 2011 to 2015. "This analysis has shown the value in conducting a robust evaluation program both for demonstrating practice change and informing future extension programs."

92. Adapting agriculture platforms for nutrition: A case study of a participatory, video-based agricultural extension platform in India

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Kadiyala, Suneetha (author), Morgan, Emily H. (author), Cyriac, Shruthi (author), Margolies, Amy (author), Roopnaraine, Terry (author), and Department of Population Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health (LCIRAH), London, United Kingdom Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America St. Johns Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America Independent consultant, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2016-10-13
Published:: India: Public Library of Science
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 164 Document Number: D08245
Journal Title:: PLoS ONE
Journal Title Details:: 11 (10): 1-23

93. Ways of knowing, sharing, and translating agricultural knowledge and perspectives: alternative epistemologies across non-formal and informal settings

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Mars, Matthew M. (author) and Ball, Anna L. (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2016-03-28
Published:: Canada: PKP Publishing Services
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 208 Document Number: D13272
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Education
Journal Title Details:: 57(1) : 56–72
Notes:: 17 pages, The mainstream agricultural literacy movement has been mostly focused on school-based learning through formal curricula and standardized non-formal models (e.g., FFA, 4-H). The purpose of the current study is to qualitatively explore through a grounded theory approach, the development, sharing, and translation of diverse forms of agricultural knowledge and perspectives among adult learners within informal and non-formal learning settings. Data collected through interviews with and naturalistic observation of agricultural practitioners with diverse personal and professional backgrounds are used to guide the development of a holistic agricultural epistemology framework. Based on this framework, we argue the scope of the agricultural literacy movement should be expanded to better account for more diverse sets of learners (e.g., adults), worldviews (e.g., local food production and consumption), and curricular models and settings (e.g., informal and nonformal).

94. Farm300 - using a coaching methodology to support livestock producers in developing skills and implementing practices to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase profit

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Sobotta, Irene (author), Sherriff, Leanne (author), Doonan, Basil (author), and Weatherley, Jane (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2016
Published:: Australia
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 153 Document Number: D07407
Journal Title:: Rural Extension and Information Systems Journal
Journal Title Details:: 12(1) 43-51
Notes:: Online via Australasia-Pacific Extension Network, Wodonga, Victoria, Australia.

95. Public opinions of farmer-oriented environmentally friendly extension programs: a case of best management practices

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Huang, Pei-wen (author), Lamm, Alexa J. (author), and Rumble, Joy N. (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2016
Published:: United States
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 169 Document Number: D08766
Journal Title:: Journal of Human Sciences and Extension
Journal Title Details:: 4(3) : 75-92

96. Partnering with private industry - ground rules for working together

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Romich, Eric (author) and Campbell, Joseph (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2015-08
Published:: USA
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 142 Document Number: D06345
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 53(4) : Article 4IAW2
Notes:: 3 pages.

97. The case for a paradigm shift in Extension from information-centric to community-centric programming

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Strong, Emma (author), Rowntree, Jason (author), Thurlow, Kable (author), and Raven, Matt R. (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2015-08
Published:: USA
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 142 Document Number: D06346
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 53(4) Article 4IAW1
Notes:: 3 pages.

98. What is your library worth? Extension uses public value workshops in communities

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Haskell, Jane E. (author) and Morse, George W. (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2015-04
Published:: USA
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 140 Document Number: D06024
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 53(2) : 2FEA1

99. Evaluating the impact of Cooperative Extension outreach via Twitter

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: O'Neill, Barbara (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2014-10
Published:: USA
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 140 Document Number: D06034
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 52(5) : 5TOT1
Notes:: 3 pages.

100. Enhancing volunteer effectiveness with Google Apps

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Terry, Bryan D. (author), Harder, Amy M. (author), and Zyburt, Tonia (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2014-08
Published:: USA
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 140 Document Number: D06042
Journal Title:: Journal of Extension
Journal Title Details:: 52(4) : 4IAW1
Notes:: 4 pages

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