Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: KerryByrnes3 Document Number: D09163
Notes:
Kerry J. Byrnes Collection, title in spanish: "Adelante Hacia El Pasado" movilizando el sector privado peruano por la fundacion de estacion experimental agricola (fundexa): Impedimentos c;aves y opciones para accion.
Nasr, Noureddine (author), Hdaidi, El Ayech (author), and Ayed, Ali Ben (author)
Format:
Book chapter
Publication Date:
2001
Published:
Tunisia
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: D01210
Notes:
Pages 293-299 in Waters-Bayer (eds.), Farmer innovation in Africa: a source of inspiration for agricultural development. Earthscan Publications, Ltd., London, England. 362 pages.
Stockamp, Ashley (author) and Oklahoma State University
Format:
Dissertation
Publication Date:
2010
Published:
Ann Arbor: ProQuest
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 16 Document Number: D10466
Notes:
108 pages., ISBN: 9781124211367, Via Proquest Dissertations and Theses Global., Scope and method of study. The purpose of this study was to determine the professional development and curriculum needs of Oklahoma secondary agricultural education teachers as related to teaching agricultural communications. A qualitative study was conducted through a semi-structured focus group interview. The interview took place at a teacher training and included 19 participating teachers.
Findings and conclusions. A majority of the participating teachers had fewer than five year experience as secondary agricultural education teachers and in teaching agricultural communications The participants expressed a need for better teaching resources and curriculum in agricultural communications. The teachers said a database should be available to help the teachers develop their lesson plans and prepare for the agricultural communications career development event. Workshops for students were mentioned as a way to improve performance in the agricultural communications career development event. Based on these findings, the researcher concluded the universities need to assist in developing appropriate agricultural communications materials for secondary agricultural education. Prospective teachers also should be given training in agricultural communications during post-secondary education. Students at the secondary level should be given more opportunities to attend workshops in all areas of agricultural communications. More research should be conducted on the needs of secondary agricultural education students in agricultural communications as well as into the effects of improved materials for current secondary agricultural education teachers. This study should be repeated with different professional groups including agricultural communications faculty, agricultural education faculty, and pre-service students in agricultural education. The CIMC curriculum was improved in 2009 to address some of the issues presented by participating teachers.
Woods, John L. (author), Siddiqi, Hafiz G.A. (author), Rahman, M. Saifur (author), Ali, A.M.M. Shawkat (author), Ahmad, Munshi Siddique (author), and Siddiqi, Feisal (author)
Format:
Report
Publication Date:
1988-05
Published:
Bangladesh
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 195 Document Number: D07966
Notes:
John L. Woods Collection, Report by the International Program for Agricultural Knowledge Systems (INTERPAKS), College of Agriculture, University of Illinois, Urbana, in association with Rahman Rahman Huq and Company, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Funds provided by the World Bank, the executing agency for United Nations Development Programme Project BGD/85/029. 144 pages pages.
Woods, John L. (author), Siddiqi, Hafiz G.A. (author), Rahman, M. Saifur (author), Ali, A.M.M. Shawkat (author), Ahmad, Munshi Siddique (author), and Siddiqi, Feisal (author)
Format:
Report
Publication Date:
1988-05
Published:
Bangladesh
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 195 Document Number: D07958
Notes:
John L. Woods Collection, Report by the International Program for Agricultural Knowledge Systems (INTERPAKS), College of Agriculture, University of Illinois, Urbana, in association with Rahman Rahman Huq and Company, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Funds provided by the World Bank, the executing agency for United Nations Development Programme Project BGD/85/029. 238 pages.
Woods, John L. (author), Siddiqi, Hafiz G.A. (author), Rahman, M. Saifur (author), Ali, A.M.M. Shawkat (author), Ahmad, Munshi Siddique (author), and Siddiqi, Feisal (author)
Format:
Report
Publication Date:
1988-05
Published:
Bangladesh
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 195 Document Number: D07963
Notes:
John L. Woods Collection, Report by the International Program for Agricultural Knowledge Systems (INTERPAKS), College of Agriculture, University of Illinois, Urbana, in association with Rahman Rahman Huq and Company, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Funds provided by the World Bank, the executing agency for United Nations Development Programme Project BGD/85/029. 220 pages.
22 pages, The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the use of deep learning (DL) in the agricultural sector. The author conducted a review of studies published between 2016 and 2022 to highlight the various applications of DL in agriculture, which include counting fruits, managing water, crop management, soil management, weed detection, seed classification, yield prediction, disease detection, and harvesting. The author found that DL’s ability to learn from large datasets has great promise for the transformation of the agriculture industry, but there are challenges, such as the difficulty of compiling datasets, the cost of computational power, and the shortage of DL experts. The author aimed to address these challenges by presenting his survey as a resource for future research and development regarding the use of DL in agriculture.
McDowell, George R. (author / University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA)
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1987-09
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 87 Document Number: C05779
Notes:
AGRICOLA IND 88063091, In: Luloff, Albert E., ed. Proceedings of the rural people and places : a symposium on typologies; 1986 October 22-24; Grantville, PA. University Park, PA : The Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development, 1987. p. 150-159
13 pages, via Online Journal, This paper contributes to our understanding of farm data value chains with assistance from 54 semi-structured interviews and field notes from participant observations. Methodologically, it includes individuals, such as farmers, who hold well-known positionalities within digital agriculture spaces—platforms that include precision farming techniques, farm equipment built on machine learning architecture and algorithms, and robotics—while also including less visible elements and practices. The actors interviewed and materialities and performances observed thus came from spaces and places inhabited by, for example, farmers, crop scientists, statisticians, programmers, and senior leadership in firms located in the U.S. and Canada. The stability of “the” artifacts followed for this project proved challenging, which led to me rethinking how to approach the subject conceptually. The paper is animated by a posthumanist commitment, drawing heavily from assemblage thinking and critical data scholarship coming out of Science and Technology Studies. The argument’s understanding of “chains” therefore lies on an alternative conceptual plane relative to most commodity chain scholarship. To speak of a data value chain is to foreground an orchestrating set of relations among humans, non-humans, products, spaces, places, and practices. The paper’s principle contribution involves interrogating lock-in tendencies at different “points” along the digital farm platform assemblage while pushing for a varied understanding of governance depending on the roles of the actors and actants involved.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 171 Document Number: C28720
Notes:
Presented at the World Conference on Agricultural Information and IT (IAALD-AFITA-WCCA2008), Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan, August 2008. 11 pages.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: C29789
Notes:
Pages 134-135 in Ian Scoones and John Thompson (eds.), Farmer First revisited: innovation for agricultural research and development. Practical Action Publishing, Warwickshire, U.K. 357 pages.
O'Gorman, Melanie (author / University of Toronto) and Centre for the Study of African Economics, Oxford, UK
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
2006-07-20
Published:
United Kingdom
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: C28215
Notes:
Posted online at http://www.csae.ox.ac.uk/conferences/2007-EDiA-LaWBiDC/papers/295-OGorman.pdf, Presented at the "Economic development in Africa" conference from March 18-20, 2007 at Oxford University.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 95 Document Number: C07398
Notes:
INTERPAKS, Mimeographed, 1984. Washington, D.C.: Agricultural Sector, Eastern and Western African Projects, World Bank. 28 p., Summarizes the papers presented at the African Workshop on Extension and Research. Topics discussed include the role of agricultural extension in sub-Saharan Africa, issues concerning current methodologies, and approaches to extension and research-extension linkages. The final section presents an overview of individual country experiences with extension. The countries represented were Kenya, Zambia, Nigeria, Malawi, Somalia, and Zimbabwe.
Macdonald, June Fessenden, ed. (author / National Agricultural Biotechnology Council)
Format:
Conference proceedings
Publication Date:
1991
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 91 Document Number: C06599
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection; see also c06114, c06115, and c06600; Proceedings of papers presented at the Third Annual National Agricultural Biotechnology Council Meeting, Ithaca, NY : National Agricultural Biotechnology Council, 1991. 307 p.
Papua New Guinea: East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 162 Document Number: C26767
Notes:
Reprint of 13 pages provided as CD in John P. Brien, "Research contributions in agricultural extension and communication," a thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Agriculture and Veterinary Science, University of Queensland., Case study prepared for the East-West Center.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: C35811
Notes:
Pages 454-457 in D. Michael Warren, L. Jan Slikkerveer and David Brokensha (eds.), The cultural dimension of development: indigenous knowledge systems. Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd., London, England. 582 pages., Perspectives of the Information Centre for Low External Input and Sustainable Agriculture.
Bernardo, F.A. (author / Director, SEARCA, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines; and President, the Asian Association of Agricultural Colleges and Universities (AAACU) YR 1985) and Director, SEARCA, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines; and President, the Asian Association of Agricultural Colleges and Universities (AAACU) YR 1985
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
unknown
Published:
International
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 54 Document Number: C01136
Notes:
AgComm Teaching; See also ID C01252 to C01275, In: Symposium on education for agriculture; 1984 November 12-16; Manila, Philippines. Manila, Philippines : the International Rice Research Institute, 1985. 21 p.
Garforth, Chris (author), Kashem, M.A. (author), Lawrence, Anna (author), Krishna, K.S. (author), Dagoy, Salvador C. (author), Go, Alicia S. (author), So, Samuel S. (author), Hossain, Alamgir (author), Vasanthakumar, Naika J. (author), and Agricultural Research and Extension Network
Format:
Newsletter article
Publication Date:
1996
Published:
International: Overseas Development Institute
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 129 Document Number: C19302
Phelan, Jim (author) and Association for International Agricultural and Extension Education
Format:
Abstract
Publication Date:
2010-05
Published:
International
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 185 Document Number: D00424
Notes:
Abstract of article in the proceedings of the 26th annual meeting of the Association for International Agricultural and Extension Education in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, May 16-19, 2010., Argues that the development of research-intensive universities militates against applied research and weakens university outreach and its contribution to community.
Broadbent, K. P. (author / Agricultural Information Bank for Asia, SEARCA) and Agricultural Information Bank for Asia, SEARCA
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1977
Published:
Philippines
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 11 Document Number: B01520
Notes:
Phase 1, See also ID B01519, In: Proceedings, Scientific Literature Service Workshop, El Grande Hotel Paranaque, Rizal Philippines, April 11-13, 1977. Paranaque, Philippines : Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research, 1977. p. 8-23
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 96 Document Number: C07662
Notes:
Evans; material compiled for 1993 Australia-IRRI Day, winner of the 1994 Golden ARC awards program, Theodore Hutchcroft Collection, Mimeograph, 1993. 26 p. Information kit for Australia-IRRI day compiled by Crawford Fund for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Australia.
Broughton, Duncan (author) and Win, Su Su (author)
Format:
Research summary
Publication Date:
2019
Published:
Myanmar: Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 166 Document Number: D11673
Notes:
7 pages., Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Food Security Policy, Research Paper 131, Burma Food Security Policy Project (FSPP)., Analysis revealed that Myanmar has one of the smallest, most underfunded agricultural research systems in Southeast Asia. It is cited as having critical gaps in research capacity, an agricultural research capacity that is highly fragmented, weak linkages between research and extension at local level, and lack of overall strategy for development of agricultural research and extension. Strong economic justification was cited for higher rates of investment in agricultural research, along with recommendations for action.
Shehata, A.H. (author / Director General, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt)
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1987
Published:
Netherlands
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 93 Document Number: C06887
Notes:
AGRICOLA IND 89051559, In: International Workshop on Agricultural Research Management : report of a workshop, 7 to 11 September 1987, The Hague, The Netherlands. The Hague, Netherlands : ISNAR, 1987. p. 201-206.
Henning, John (author), Hill, Stuart B. (author), MacRae, Rod J. (author), Mehuys, Guy R. (author), and Department of Entomology, Macdonald College of McGill University, Quebec, Canada; department of Agricultural Economics, Macdonald College of McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Department of Renewable Resources, Macdonald College of McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Department of Renewable Resources, Macdonald College of McGill University, Quebec, Canada
Format:
Journal article
Publication Date:
1989
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 94 Document Number: C07261
Telg, Ricky (author / University of Florida), Irani, Tracy (author / University of Florida), Ruth, Amanda (author / University of Florida), and Locke, Deanna (author / University of Florida)
Format:
Paper
Publication Date:
2004-02-14
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 130 Document Number: C19768
Notes:
14 pages; Paper presented at Agricultural Communications Section, Southern Oklahoma, February 14-18, 2004.
Gnaegy Suzanna (author / Winrock International) and Anderson, Jock R. (author / Winrock International)
Format:
Publication
Publication Date:
1991-06-30
Published:
International
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 114 Document Number: D11012
Notes:
World Bank Discussion Paper 126. Washington, D.C. 158 pages., Studies from a workshop. Includes evidence that research and extension had contributed to a decline in agricultural production. "There is a broad consensus about the many factors that have contributed to failures to boost land and labor productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Both technological options and agroecological and socioeconomic circumstances in this vast region are diverse, thus creating a complex matrix of impacts and explanations. The central explanation is that research and development activities, whether public or private, national or international, have produced innovations that farmers find variously unprofitable, too risky, or impossible to implement in a timely and useful fashion. These problems lead, in turn, to often declining agricultural productivity and a deteriorating agricultural resource base, particularly of soil and forest resources. Stepping back further from the farmers themselves to the institutions that are supposed to have assisted, the difficulties are several including the poor (often irrelevant for resource-poor farmers) siting of much past experimental and testing endeavor, inadequate and temporally inconsistent staff and budget support for national research and extension organizations.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: D02420
Notes:
Page 33 - Abstract of a paper presented at the International Conference of the Australasia Pacific Extension Network (APEN), Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand, August 26-28, 2013. 100 pages.
Ene, Leonard S. O. (author / Director, National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Nigeria)
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1990
Published:
Nigeria
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 93 Document Number: C06880
Notes:
see C06875 for complete proceedings, In: Lawani, S.M. and Odemwingie, T., eds. Media forum for agriculture : proceedings of the inauguration ceremony, IITA, Ibadan, April 9, 1990. Ibadan, Nigeria : International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, 1990. p. 20-22
James F. Evans Collection, Leaders in agricultural research institutions in many developing countries want to publish English-language annual reports. They have few editorial and financial resources. Few have (1) analyzed their reasons for reporting, (2) set priorities among audiences, or (3) considered a design that would serve the audience(s). This paper proposes three main audiences for such reports: heads of agencies that use agricultural research findings, agricultural scientists, and some persons interested in agricultural science (but not scientists). An audience-friendly approach is suggested for the design and preparation of annual reports that can be more useful than those written in the usual scientific-report form. (original)
Ozkaya, Tayfun (author), Karaturhan, Buket (author), and Boyaci, Murat (author)
Format:
Proceedings
Publication Date:
2001-08-27
Published:
Turkey: Wageningen University and Research Centre
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 136 Document Number: C20823
Notes:
Burton Swanson Collection, from "Integrating multiple landuse for a sustainable future" 15th European Seminar on Extension and Education, Wageningen International Conference Centre, The Netherlands, August 27-31, 2001
Conway, Gordon R. (author), McCracken, Jennifer A. (author), Pretty, Jules N. (author), and International Institute for Environment and Development, London, UK
Format:
Report
Publication Date:
1988
Published:
UK
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 90 Document Number: C06423
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection; Contains Table of Contents and Introduction only, London, UK : International Institute for Environment and Development, 1988. 96 p.
23 Pgs., Information and Communication Technology is a potent force in the developing world for social, economic and educational transformation of individuals, agencies and institutions. This study examined the veritable roles of ICT in empowering rural women farmers in Rivers State. The specific objectives were to examine the demographic characteristics of the respondents, identify ICT devices in use by the respondents; information needs of the respondents, the roles of ICTs in rural women empowerment and constraints to the use of ICT devices by the respondents. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from respondents and oral interview where necessary. The respondents were 120 rural women farmers purposively selected from the farmers list obtained from the ADP (Agricultural Development Project) Office in the Area. The results indicate that 54.2% of the respondents are married, 57.5% with secondary education, 52.5% hold a farm size of 0.25 – 1 hectare of land. ICT devices in use include mobile phones, television, radio and other devices. They need information on inputs, prices, markets, produce demand, new practices and technologies. ICT play various roles in empowering the women such as offering entrepreneurial opportunity, breaking isolation, providing linkages to inputs and markets, assisting small and medium size business, reducing poverty, and illiteracy and improving income and savings of rural women. The problems affecting use of ICT devices include absence and erratic supply of electricity, lack of ICT skills, low level of awareness etc. Government should provide basic amenities to the rural dwellers to improve their socio-economic well-being.
Amudavi, David M. (author), Lawver, David E. (author), Udoto, M. (author), and Association for International Agricultural and Extension Education
Format:
Abstract
Publication Date:
2010-05
Published:
Kenya
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 185 Document Number: D00420
Notes:
Abstract of article in the proceedings of the 26th annual meeting of the Association for International Agricultural and Extension Education in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, May 16-19, 2010.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: C07658
Notes:
Theodore Hutchcroft Collection; material compiled for 1993 Australia-IRRI Day, winner of the 1994 Golden ARC awards program, Mimeograph, 1993. 2 p. International Rice Research Institute.
Elso, Sonia (author), Gutierrez, Haydee (author), and Elso: Institute of Agricultural Research, Central Library, Santiago, Chile; Gutierrez: University of Chile, Computation and Information Service, Santiago, Chile
Format:
Journal article
Language:
English with French / German / Spanish summary
Publication Date:
1986
Published:
International: Wageningen, Netherlands : The Association.
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 84 Document Number: C05279
Hunt, Warren (author), Birch, Colin (author), Vanclay, Frank (author), and Coutts, Jeff (author)
Format:
Abstract
Publication Date:
2013-08
Published:
Australia
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: D02443
Notes:
Page 75 - Abstract of a paper presented at the International Conference of the Australasia Pacific Extension Network (APEN), Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand, August 26-28, 2013. 100 pages.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 30 Document Number: D10563
Notes:
2 pages., From Bayer AG - online via AgriMarketing Weekly., Leverkusen, Germany - Bayer is raising the bar in transparency, sustainability and engagement, reflecting its heightened responsibility and potential as a new leader in agriculture. "We're making good progress on integrating the acquired agriculture business, and are now starting to implement a series of measures to drive transparency and sustainability across our business," Werner Baumann, Chairman of the Board of Management of Bayer AG, said on Friday.
14 pgs., There is an overwhelming scientific consensus that global climate is changing with associated devastating, yet differential impacts on different world regions. This, therefore, calls for efforts to improve our understanding of the phenomenon as a way of enhancing mitigation and adaptation measures.Although a lot has been done in this respect, the present study examines the extent to which misnomers associated with the calendar months and local climate events can be employed to convey the phenomenon of climate change to rural agriculturists in the Bolgatanga municipality. The study establishes that the names of the calendar months, which serve asgoalposts for local agricultural practices no longer portray their true meaning due to climate change. The study, therefore, recommends the use of nuanced ways of communicating climate change to local agriculturists,using scientific research, lived experiences as well as socially and culturally embedded tools such as misnomers associated with local climate events.
16 pages., Via online journal., This contribution deals with the ethical challenges arising from the IoT landscape with reference to a specific context, i.e. the realm of agri-food. In this sector, innumerable web-connected tools, platforms and sensors are constantly interacting with consumers/users/citizens, by reshaping and redefining the core elements and functions of machine–human being relationships. By sketching out the main pillars which ethics of the Internet of Food (IoF) is founded on, my argument posits that the civic hybridization of knowledge production mediated by IoT technologies may create breeding ground for the move towards an ‘ethical in-design’ approach to the IoF-driven smart systems.
Campilan, Dindo (author), Roa, Julieta R. (author), and Gonsalves, Julian (author)
Format:
Book chapter
Publication Date:
2009
Published:
International
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: C29785
Notes:
Pages 97-101 in Ian Scoones and John Thompson (eds.), Farmer First revisited: innovation for agricultural research and development. Practical Action Publishing, Warwickshire, U.K. 357 pages., Describes a program, UPWARD (Users' Perspectives with Agricultural Research and Development ). Shifts emphasis from food systems to livelihood systems, from crop production to agricultural livelihoods and from farms to marketing chains.
3 pages, Big data represent a new productive factor (the "new oil" for advocates) that generates new realities in agriculture. By adding an extra "cyber" dimension to current farming systems, big data lead to the emergence of new, complex cyber-physical-social systems. However, our understanding of the sustainability of such systems is still at a rudimental stage. In this critical review we attempt to shed some light on this topic, by identifying and presenting some issues that put in doubt the sustainability of big data agriculture. By using a punctuated equilibria lens, we argue that despite their contribution to the economic and environmental performance of farming, big data act as a speciation mechanism. Hence, they lead to new forms of intraspecific, interspecific and intergeneric competition, thus putting at risk the most vulnerable players of the game. We conclude by pointing out that to holistically address the interrelation between big data and agricultural sustainability we need a hybrid research line, which will combine the qualities of both technology-oriented research and critical social science.
