Subject Term: Pakistan (Southern Asia) - Bibleaves Search Results

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1. Ethnobotany for food security and ecological transition: wild food plant gathering and consumption among four cultural groups in Kurram District, NW Pakistan

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Hussain, Sayed Taufiq (author), Muhammad, Sayed (author), Khan, Sheharyar (author), Hussain, Wahid (author), and Pieroni, Andrea (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2023-09-01
Published:: United Kingdom: BioMed Central
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 206 Document Number: D12948
Journal Title:: Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
Journal Title Details:: V.19, N.35
Notes:: 15 pages, Background In traditional food systems, especially those of rural populations around the world, wild food plants remain crucial. These resources need to be urgently documented to lay the foundations for sustainable livelihoods and food security. Methods In the present field study, we gathered information about wild food plants and mushrooms consumed by four ethnic groups (Turis, Khushis, Hazaras, and Christians) living in Kurram District, NW Pakistan, by conducting semi-structured interviews and holding group discussions. Results A total of 57 wild edible plants and mushrooms were reported, with the documented taxa belonging to 50 genera and 34 families. Turis reported the highest number of wild food plants (41), followed by Hazaras (37), Khushis (35), and then Christians, who reported only 11 plants. The most dominant families were Rosaceae, followed by Polygonaceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Moraceae, and Plantaginaceae. The comparative analysis we conducted with the pre-existing Pakistani ethnobotanical studies revealed that 23 wild edible plants have not been previously reported as food items in the area under study, which included Fragaria nubicola, Lepidium draba, Pinus wallichiana, Podophyllum emodi, Prunus jacquemontii, Sambucus nigra, Sideroxylon mascatense, and Thymus linearis. Four wild edible mushrooms are also reported for the area for the first time: Calvatia gigantea, Morchella esculenta, Pisolithus albus, and Tulostoma squamosum. The cross-cultural analysis of wild edible plants and their uses revealed remarkable similarity between Khushis and Hazaras. The overlapping pattern of wild edible plant use among these two groups, as well as Turis, confirms the existence of cross-cultural interactions among these communities, which have shared the same environmental and socio-cultural space for several decades. Food heritage and some unique dishes are linked to wild edible plants in the area, such as Zamda, prepared by Turis, and Saba, famous among Khushis and Hazaras. Conclusion This study suggests that some wild edible plants could be cultivated to protect a few threatened species from overexploitation, while the overall wild food plant heritage should be promoted and revitalized; for example, within educational platforms aimed at improving the wellbeing of local communities and the global ecological transition we must deal with.

2. Marketing channel, production technique and farm profitability in vegetables marketing: empirical evidence from micro data in Punjab, Pakistan

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Yasmin, Bushra (author) and Fatima, Hina (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022-09-27
Published:: Pakistan: Directorate of Agricultural Information Lahore
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 206 Document Number: D12855
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Research
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 60, N.4
Notes:: 13 pages, Current study was conducted during 2020 by Department of Economics, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan to study evaluate the marketing channel of vegetables in Punjab pertaining to farm’s profitability and the factors determining this profit based on primary data collected from 100 farmers each for 4 selected vegetables . Data were collected through structured questionnaire from 36 villages out of 7 cities of Faisalabad division while from 28 villages out of 5 cities of Bahawalpur division through purposive sampling technique. Gross margin analysis and mean regression was done to estimate the determinants of profit both at division level and for the pooled data. The gross margin per acre was calculated at Rs.171,676 for cucumber, Rs. 171,649 for green chilies, Rs. 315,229 for tomatoes and Rs. 33,002 for onions. The regression results showed age, farming experience, credit and storage facilities, production cost and commission to the middle man as significantly contributing factors in profit while the choice of production technique appeared to be particularly depending on the educational qualification of selected farmers. The peak age that yielded maximum profit was calculated at 49 and 42 years in Faisalabad and Bahawalpur division, respectively. Experience of farmers was significantly increased in profit. The commission to agent surpasses all other payments that farmers incurred during marketing process. The margin was around 39% and 33% of total cost for cucumber and chilies in Faisalabad while 34% and 43% percent for tomatoes and onion in Bahawalpur. So the enactment of farmers with middle man for the sale of crop was due to heavy reliance on them for loans; around 80 percent famers in Faisalabad while about 40 percent in Bahawalpur sought loans from middle man. The study suggested that healthy competition among farmers by providing them adequate storage facilities, sufficient credit, perfect market information and education could contribute positively in adopting advanced modes of production to minimize the production and marketing cost.

3. Exploring usage of smartphone among farmers of district bahawalnagar for agricultural extension information

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Riaz, Saqib (author), Iqbal, Ashraf (author), and Husain, Basharat (author)
Format:: journal article
Publication Date:: 2022-09-02
Published:: Pakistan: Directorate of Agricultural Information Lahore
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12678
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Research
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 60, N. 3
Notes:: 5 pages, The current study also focuses and analyses the farmers’ inclination and their usage of smart phone for agricultural extension. This research is based on survey research method in which a closed-ended questionnaire was developed after the review of relevant literature. Furthermore, purposive and convenient sampling techniques were used to collect the data from the respondents who are farmers in Punjab. The study was conducted during the year 2020 in the selected district of Bahawalnagar. Overall results elaborate that age and education were among the factors that accounted for familiarity with apps. However, 42.9 percent of the respondents with the age 30 to 40 were somehow familiar with Agri-apps and 17.3 percent of respondents with twelve years of schooling were familiar with the apps usage. Likewise, 37 respondents in age bracket of 20 to 30 were of the view that usage of apps have resulted in increased agricultural production. It was concluded that age and education of the respondents had significant impact on the usage and familiarity of the apps available on smart phones.

4. Growth and instability of export of selected fruits and vegetables in Pakistan

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Naheed, Sobia (author), Tahira,Riffat (author), and Bashir, Arshed (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022-09-02
Published:: Pakistan: Directorate of Agricultural Information Lahore
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 206 Document Number: D12858
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Research
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 61, N.1
Notes:: 9 pages, The present study was conducted in Faisalabad at Social Sciences Research Institute, Pakistan Agricultural Reseaerch Council, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan during 2019. Countries wise time series data of exported fruits and vegetables were taken from AMIS for finding instability of commodities and countries. Current study focused on the compound annual growth rates of production, export quantity and value of mostly exported fruits and vegetables. Growth trends of selected commodities were executed by using semitrend growth model. Coefficient of variation technique was used to find out instability of specific commodity for specific country/market. Selected exported vegetables (potato, tomato, onion and garlic) indicated instability results for Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Qatar and Indonesia among given markets and within the given period. Among fruits kinnow export shared 24.96, mango export results showed 22.08 percent share in total fruits export followed by 13.55 percent share of orange and 8.6 percent export share of dates dried in total export from Pakistan. Results observed for instability of exports to countries, minimum value of coefficient of variation (24.34 percent) was recorded for Bahrein market for kinnow export and Bahrein market was stable among given markets. Similarly, mango results showed that export of mango to Germany market was stable among given markets and within the given period. Export of orange to Saudi Arabia market and export of dates to Bangladesh market was stable among given markets within the given period of time. Finally, in order to lessen the instability, it can be proposed that Pakistan ought to take steps to boost the exports of primary commodity and value added products to raise revenue profitable.

5. Evaluating determinants of climate-change perception among farming communities in district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Raza, Muhammad Afnan (author) and Ullah, Sana (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022-08-30
Published:: Pakistan: Directorate of Agricultural Information Lahore
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 206 Document Number: D12856
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Research
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 60, N.3
Notes:: 10 pages, This research endeavor, conducted in year 2019-20, explores farmers’ perception regarding climate change and the impacts of socioeconomic indicators affecting these perceptions in district Mardan, KP-Pakistan. For this purpose, total of 140 sampled respondents, seventy from each village were selected for primary data collection. Ordered probit model was used to quantify the determinants of climate change perception. Demographic characteristics revealed that average age of the respondents was 44.42 years, with average schooling, household size, farming experience and farm size of 7.73 years, about 9.96 members, 27.90 years and 3.1 acres, respectively. The study findings indicated that age, education, household size, farming experience, total income and nature of land significantly (p < 0.05) affect farmers’ perception of climate change specifying that younger farmers perceive climate change impacts more as compared to older farmers, while experienced were more likely to perceive than inexperienced. Educated farmers perceived changes in climate more than less educated or uneducated. Small holders perceived more than big landlords, rain-fed farm holders perceived more than irrigated farm holders, high income farmers perceived more than low income farmers, owners perceived more than owner-cum tenants and tenants and small families perceived more than big families. The study recommended climate change awareness programs through government and nongovernment organizations, i.e. education programs, farmer field schools (FFS), agricultural extension agencies to bridge the farmer- research gap, government role in realistic land reforms, establishment of farm services centers (FSCs), climate information centers and diversify farm income opportunities.

6. Evaluation of information seeking behavior of farmers in Punjab

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Riaz, Saqib (author), Shah, Babar Hussain (author), and Iqbal, Muhammad Kamran (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022-04-27
Published:: Pakistan: Directorate of Agricultural Information Lahore
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12686
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Research
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 60, N. 2
Notes:: 5 pages, Information plays important role in agriculture development. This study investigated the nature and extent of available agricultural information sources and information seeking patterns of farmers in Punjab Pakistan. To conduct this study, survey method was used and the population of the study was the farmers of Punjab, the largest province of Pakistan. The sample of 60 farmers was selected during the year 2020 by using convenient sampling technique. Furthermore, these farmers were selected from Attock, Kasur and Bahawalnagar to ensure the representation from northern, central, and southern parts of the province of Punjab. The responses of the framers were collected in the form of questionnaire and researcher used adopted descriptive statistics. Results revealed that majority 41 percent of farmers seek information to enhance their agricultural knowledge. It was found that comparatively interpersonal channels were mostly preferred with the 56 percent whereas mass media occupied second position with 42 percent. It was also found that numerous types of information sources such as interpersonal sources, mass media and new media were available to disseminate information related to farmers’ needs. It was also revealed that among information needs, market and weather forecast trends were on top priority ranked 1st and 2nd respectively.

7. Smallholder farmers' awareness of COVID-19, challenges, and attitude toward governments lockdown strategies in Pakistan

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Khan, Muhammad Ammad (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022-04-20
Published:: Canada: OJS / PKP
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 209 Document Number: D13460
Journal Title:: Rural Development Institute (RDI)
Journal Title Details:: 17(1) : 49-68
Notes:: 21 pages, Smallholder farmers in Pakistan are at the frontlines of the COVID-19 crisis as their livelihoods have been disrupted due to a countrywide lockdown. This cross-sectional study was conducted over the duration of two months, April and May 2020, with the aim to assess awareness of smallholder farmers regarding COVID-19, their challenges, and attitude towards governments’ lockdown strategies in Pakistan. The sample was composed of 384 cotton-wheat smallholder farmers from 1,403 villages of Bahawalnagar, Layyah, and Toba Tek Singh districts of Punjab province. Due to travel restrictions, a telephonic survey was conducted, and data were collected through a semi-structured interview schedule. The instrument contained both open and closed-ended questions and Likert scale items. Results revealed that the vast majority of the smallholder farmers was highly aware of the coronavirus disease, and they had positive attitudes towards the government lockdown strategies. However, some farmers were also facing great challenges in access to farm inputs, unavailability of farm laborers, high prices, and selling their farm produce in the market due to lockdown, which resulted in a drop of their crop incomes and lower food consumption. There remains a dire need to support them in the current crisis and address their challenges.

8. An analysis of comparative effectiveness of public and private extension services regarding potato production in district Gujranwala

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Riaz, Imran (author), Ashraf, Ijaz (author), Mahmood Ch, Khalid (author), Muhammad Usman (author), Usman, Sohaib (author), and Ejaz, Raza (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022-03-24
Published:: Pakistan: Directorate of Agricultural Information Lahore
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 206 Document Number: D12854
Journal Title:: Journal of Agricultural Research
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 60, N.4
Notes:: 5 pages, The current research was planned and conducted at Institute of Agricultural Extension, Education and Rural Development, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during the year 2019-20 and restricted to district Gujranwala with respect to potato crop. The main objective of this study was to compare the extension services provided by the public and private sector along with different teaching methodologies adopted by them. However, 36 respondents from each tehsil of district Gujranwala were selected through convenient sampling technique. Thereby, getting a sample size of 144 for the purpose of data collection for which interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed through SPSS. Results were explained through weighted score and mean values of all variables. According to results it was found that both sectors were giving useful knowledge to farmers with different teaching methods. It was also concluded that farmers had desire to take information from public sector but they have to go to private sector for products. Furthermore, it was also concluded that performance of public sector was better than private sector.

9. How have smallholder farmers used digital extension tools? Developer and user voices from Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Coggins, Sam (author), McCampbell, Mariette (author), Sharma, Akriti (author), Sharma, Rama (author), Haefele, Stephen (author), Karki, Emma (author), Hetherington, Jack (author), Smith, Jeremy (author), and Brown, Brendan (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2022-03-01
Published:: United States: Elsevier
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12486
Journal Title:: Global Food Security
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 32
Notes:: 10 pages, Digital extension tools (DETs) include phone calls, WhatsApp groups and specialised smartphone applications used for agricultural knowledge brokering. We researched processes through which DETs have (and have not) been used by farmers and other extension actors in low- and middle-income countries. We interviewed 40 DET developers across 21 countries and 101 DET users in Bihar, India. We found DET use is commonly constrained by fifteen pitfalls (unawareness of DET, inaccessible device, inaccessible electricity, inaccessible mobile network, insensitive to digital illiteracy, insensitive to illiteracy, unfamiliar language, slow to access, hard to interpret, unengaging, insensitive to user's knowledge, insensitive to priorities, insensitive to socio-economic constraints, irrelevant to farm, distrust). These pitfalls partially explain why women, less educated and less wealthy farmers often use DETs less, as well as why user-driven DETs (e.g. phone calls and chat apps) are often used more than externally-driven DETs (e.g. specialised smartphone apps). Our second key finding was that users often made - not just found - DETs useful for themselves and others. This suggests the word ‘appropriation’ conceptualises DET use more accurately and helpfully than the word ‘adoption’. Our final key finding was that developers and users advocated almost ubiquitously for involving desired users in DET provision. We synthesise these findings in a one-page framework to help funders and developers facilitate more useable, useful and positively impactful DETs. Overall, we conclude developers increase DET use by recognizing users as fellow developers – either through collaborative design or by designing adaptable DETs that create room for user innovation.

10. Analysis of factors affecting dissemination of agricultural information among farmers through ict in punjab,Pakistan

Collection:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
Contributers:: Ahmad, Waqar (author), Ali, Tanvir (author), Shahbaz, Babar (author), and Siddiqui, Muhammad Tahir (author)
Format:: Journal article
Publication Date:: 2021-06-10
Published:: Pakistan: Directorate of Agricultural Information Lahore
Location:: Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12690
Journal Title:: journal of agricultural research
Journal Title Details:: Vol. 59, N.2
Notes:: 7 pages, Present study was carried out in 2018-19, in the three districts of Punjab i.e., Faisalabad, Sargodha and Muzaffargarh to analyse the factors affecting dissemination of agricultural information to farmers through ICT tools. One hundred and twenty respondents were selected randomly from each district, making a total sample of 360 respondents. Concerning the general use of ICT tools in the dissemination of agricultural information, the findings indicated a change in trend from the radio (11.1%) towards TV (85.6%) and mobile phone SMS (75.8%). The relevance of information and ICT tools’ cost appeared as common determinant factors for technology transfer effectiveness by ICT tools. Furthermore, farmers also indicated that the most effective tool to disseminate agricultural information was television, followed by the mobile phone and social media. Moreover, most of the farmers (81.7 % and 73.1%, respectively) indicated that the lack of innovative information and difficulties in using ICT tools were significant barriers while communicating via these tools. The use of television and mobile phones in extension should be improved because they were relatively more popular among farmers. It was recommended that the Punjab government should also design a system of periodic monitoring and evaluation of the use of information and communication technologies in the extension with agricultural universities’ participation and relevant non-governmental organizations in Punjab. A dynamic feedback system should be designed, based on the local advisory committees’ recommendations, to determine the local farmers’ needs/problems, which should be sent immediately to the Directorate of Agricultural Information to suggest some suitable solution and disseminate through ICTs.

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