While the role of Caribbean immigrants in the “New Negro” movement in the United States is now well established, the concurrent militancy of black Caribbean workers in Panama is much less understood. Examines the rise and fall of Afro-Antillano militancy in both the U.S.-controlled Canal Zone and the Republic of Panama from 1914–1921.
Presents a case study with background information to assess the gender structure of trade unions under the Jamaica Confederation of the Trade Unions (JCTU) to better understand the relationship between gender and leadership in trade union organizations.
