The sexualisation of racially subordinated people has been linked to the exercise of power. This article focuses on an aspect of subordination related to the condition of being a servant, and the ‘domestication’ and ‘acculturation’ that domestic service implies in societies where black and indigenous people are often linked to ‘backwardness’. Perceived racial otherness, class subordination, gender, age and domesticated servitude together reinforce an erotic image of sexual availability, particularly in younger women.
The Caribbean coastal region of Colombia is called the costa, and its inhabitants are referred to as costeños. The müsica costeña (coastal music) is a product of tri-ethnic syncretic cultural traditions including Amerindian, Spanish, and African elements, a merging that begins with the colonial period and continues into the republican period on the Caribbean Coast. Traditional music from the Colombian Caribbean coast expresses its tri-ethnic costeño identity in various vocal styles and musical forms and through its types of instruments and the way they are played. This essay describes the aspects and circumstances under which cumbia, a coastal musical genre and dance form of peasant origins characterized by an African-derived style, has spread from its local origins in the valley of the Magdalena River to acquire a Colombian national identity, becoming in a few years a transnational musical phenomenon.
In Colombia, armed conflict, exacerbated by the war on drugs and the effects of neoliberal economic policies, has forced Afro-Colombian communities in the Chocó region off their land. The author studies the lyrics of a collection of vallenato songs that affirm the identity of the displaced of Chocó and help create solidarity and consciousness about their struggle. She explains the ideological roots of the armed conflict between the state military, the guerilla groups, and the paramilitary units of Colombia. She also describes the displacement she believes is caused by specific economic development projects resulting from 21st-century free-trade agreements between North America and Colombia. She analyzes how the villanato songs bring visibility to an otherwise invisible group of displaced peoples.
This paper analyzes the intersection of two parallel developments that have had a curious impact on agrarian politics in Colombia: on the one hand, attempts to appropriate land for ‘green’ ends such as biofuel production, which have become ubiquitous all across Latin America, and on the other, the implementation of multicultural reforms, which in Colombia resulted in the collective titling of more than five million hectares of land for ‘black communities’.
Reviews the history of the Latin American and Caribbean Women's Health Network (LACWHN), a women's organization founded in 1984 in Colombia for the defense and promotion of women's health and rights. Discussed are the diverse experiences, key achievements, major challenges, and future directions for the network.
152 p., Sheds light on the importance of orality as it is embedded in the cultural traditions of the Colombian Caribbean. Examines the different ways in which orality is manifested and produced in Colombian popular culture and literature. Also explores the dynamics of "primary orality," in which orality compensates for the absence of knowledge or usage of a written alphabet, and "secondary orality," in which orality is sustained by a technological device, in this case the cassette.
The dry Caribbean is a place in Colombia where some black communities have lived since decolonization. The text tackles the pedagogical sense of the Catedra de Estudios Afrocolombianos. The historical, territorial, juridical, educative, and organizational contextualization is followed by the emphasis in the necessity of creating a cultural production policy based on the black communities' life.
Hoffmann, Volker (author), Contreras Arias, Carolina (author), Holle, David (author), White, Douglas (author), Peters, Michael (author), and Burkhart, Stefan (author)
Format:
Paper
Publication Date:
2010-09-14
Published:
Colombia
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 178 Document Number: C30732
Notes:
Presented at Tropentag 2010, Conference on International Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development, Zurich, Switzerland, September 14-16, 2010. 1 page.
Carlisle Barracks, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
4 p., The growing violence and instability in Mexico and the Caribbean will clearly demand greater attention from the United States in the future. This conference, held at the University of Pittsburgh campus on October 28-30, 2009 offered an important opportunity to assess these threats, and to consider what can be done to counter them. Includes chapter "Perspectives on the Caribbean."
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
141 p., Contents: Haciendo visibles a los invisibles / Paula Marcela Moreno Zapata --
Breve introducción sobre los aportes literarios y culturales afrocolombianos --
Catálogo de la Biblioteca de Literatura Afrocolombiana --
Guía de animación a la lectura : Biblioteca de Literatura Afrocolombiana / Beatriz Helena Robledo y José Ignacio Caro.
It is not uncommon to hear about how corporations bring investment to developing countries and even their willingness to address problem areas such as environmental contamination and child labor practices. But in some cases, corporations leave a trail of destruction of violence. The article highlights the Caribbean region of Colombia, where the construction of a mega-port has seen the displacement of communities and takeover of property and livelihoods with complete impunity.
Examines Colombia's adoption of policies for black Colombians in 1993. Argues that Afro-Colombian activists were able to seize upon changes in global policy norms around multiculturalism and state disequilibrium both by deploying traditional social movement strategies and by framing their demands in terms of ethnic difference. This case extends our understanding of how social movements make strategic use of political openings and also illustrates the circumstances under which an ethnic difference framing can be a more effective political strategy for achieving rights for black populations than a racial equality framing.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
210 p., Contents: Carlos Arturo Truque: Colombia a corazón abierto / Sonia Nadezhda Truque -- La vocación y el medio: historia de un escritor / Carlos Arturo Truque -- Vivan los compañeros -- Granizada -- La noche de San Silvestre -- Sangre en el llano -- El día que terminó el verano -- Sonatina para dos tambores -- La fuga -- La diana -- El encuentro -- Fucú -- El misterio -- Martín encuentra dos razones -- Dos hombres -- Porque así era la gente -- La aventura de tío conejo -- La muerte tuvo cara y sello -- José dolores arregla un asunto -- Lo triste de vivir así -- El collar -- Las gafas oscuras -- De cómo Jim empezó a olvidar -- Puntales para mi casa -- La otra oportunidad -- El pigüita -- Longinos.
Rosero-Labbé,Claudia Mosquera (Editor) and Díaz,Ruby Esther León (Editor)
Format:
Book, Edited
Language:
Spanish
Publication Date:
2009
Published:
Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
832 p., Contains the main findings of research conducted between 2006 and 2008 entitled "affirmative action for blacks, Afro-Colombians, native islanders and palenqueros: a step towards ethnic-racial black reparative justice?"
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
247 p, Argues that development processes and social movements shape each other in uneven and paradoxical ways. She bases her argument on ethnographic analysis of the black social movements that emerged from and interacted with political and economic changes in Colombia's Pacific lowlands, or Chocó region, in the 1990s.
Rodríguez Garavito,César A. (Author), Alfonso Sierra,Tatiana (Author), and Cavelier Adarve,Isabel (Author)
Format:
Book, Whole
Language:
Spanish
Publication Date:
2009
Published:
Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Derecho, CIJUS : Ediciones Uniandes
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
271 p., Contents: Introducción -- El desplazamiento forzado y su incidencia en la población afrocolombiana -- Desplazamiento y discriminación racial: las obligaciones del estado colombiano -- De las normas a la realidad: la situación de los afrocolombianos desplazados -- Conclusiones bibliográficas -- Anexo: Corte Constitucional de Colombia, Auto 05 de 2009 -- 466.
University of Puerto Rico (Río Piedras Campus). Centro de Investigaciones Históricas. (Author)
Format:
Book, Edited
Language:
Spanish
Publication Date:
2009
Published:
Río Piedras, P.R.: Departamento de Historia, Centro de Investigaciónes Históricas, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Río Piedras
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
Outgrowth of a seminar held at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, in June 2006., 50 p., Contents: Presentación / Sharon Meléndez Ortiz y Rafael Díaz Díaz -- Del machete al hechizo : formas de resistencia entre los esclavos y esclavas de origen africano y afro-caribeño durante el periodo colonial / Sharon Meléndez Ortiz -- Sometiéndose para ser libres : el caso de la libertad pedida por los negros de los palenques de la Sierra de María, Cartagena, 1691 / César Augusto Salcedo Chirinos -- Mujer negra : resistir para construir : Nueva Granada siglo XVIII / Yanelba Mota Maldonado -- Las juntas como resistencia al sistema esclavista, Cartagena de Indias, siglo XVI / Frank Cosme Arroyo -- La magia negra, resistencia y seducción / Rubén Lasanta -- Los caminos a la manumisión : ley de 21 de julio de 1821 / Damaris J. Marrero Villali.
Rodríguez,Jaime Arocha (Editor) and Quintero Barrera,Rosa Patricia (Editor)
Format:
Book, Whole
Language:
Spanish
Publication Date:
2009
Published:
Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Centro de Estudios Sociales, Grupo de Estudios Afrocolombianos
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
Papers from a seminar held Oct. 28-29, 2004, at the Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango, Bogotá, Colombia., 293 p., A collection of personal tributes to the life and work of Nina S. de Friedemann, as well as writings related to her research on the black population in Colombia.
Rodríguez Garavito,César A. (Author), Alfonso Sierra,Tatiana (Author), Cavelier Adarve,Isabel (Author), and Antonio Rosero,Eliana Fernanda (Author)
Format:
Book, Whole
Language:
Spanish
Publication Date:
2009
Published:
Bogotá, DC: Observatorio de Discriminación Racial : Programa de Justicia Global y Derechos Humanos y CIJUS, Universidad de los Andes : Proceso de Comunidades Negras (PCN) : Centro de Estudios de Derecho, Justicia y Sociedad (Dejusticia)
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
526 p, "This dissertation is about musical meaning, specifically referring to the musical practices of black people in Colombia's southern Pacific coast which are imbricated within a number of different systems of meaning. It begins by examining the ritual, social, and spatial uses of music in the Pacific, before pulling apart this cluster of practices to reveal a web of rival forms of sociality and overlapping belief systems from which modern Pacific music originated."
Explores the idea of diaspora and musical exchanges in relation to changes in Colombian popular music, specifically that from the Caribbean coastal region of the country, often identified as more or less African-influenced. It traces changes that occurred from the 1920s onward, with the commercialization of cumbia and porro and related styles, and looks also at more recent developments around vallenato, champeta, and rap.
Many Afro-Colombians have been displaced from their lands due to over 50 years of conflict between the government and other armed groups. This conflict has cost untold civilian lives and the Colombian government has done little to protect Afro-Colombians who attempt to stay on their lands in the face of violence. In short, Afro-Colombians got their 40 acres and a mule and their government is doing everything to take them back. In Colombia, signing a free trade agreement would effectively give the Colombia government the US seal of approval to continue to make economic decisions that do not account for the rights or livelihoods of Afro-Colombians. Despite the known impacts on Afrodescendants across the Americas a few Congressional Black Caucus Members have endorsed a Free Trade Agreement with Colombia. Passing a Free Trade Agreement despite the discriminatory practices of the Colombian government reveals the truth of the US government's policy: lip service to the protection of human rights but not at the detriment of US corporate interests or free market practices.
The intensification of ethno-racial protest in Latin America has led to the adoption of targeted legislation for Black and indigenous populations, signaling a new moment in race politics in this region. Existing literature has failed to account for this shift either because it held that race was not salient in Latin America, or it presumed that racial hierarchy existed, but that the obstacles to Black mobilization were insurmountable. Argues that the literature must contend with this new reality of “Black politics” in Latin America.
Wilson, Pamela (author) and Stewart, Michelle (author)
Format:
Book
Publication Date:
2008
Published:
International: Duke Unversity Press, Durham, North Carolina.
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: C29254
Notes:
362 pages., Sixteen essays reflect the dynamics of indigenous media-making around the world. "Together the essays reveal the crucial role of indigenous media in contemporary media at every level: local, national, regional and international."
Marable,Manning (Author) and Agard-Jones,Vanessa (Author)
Format:
Book, Whole
Publication Date:
2008
Published:
New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
366 p, Includes Brian Meeks's "Reinventing the Jamaican political system"; Joseph Jordan's "Afro-Colombia: a case for pan-African analysis"; Ricardo Rene Laremont and Lisa Yun's "Mutual inspiration: radicals in transnational space: The Havana AfroCubano movement and the Harlem Renaissance: the role of the intellectual in the formation of racial and national identity"; and Asale Angel-Ajani's "Out of chaos: Afro-Colombian peace communities and the realities of war";
El artículo sostiene que la ideología nacionalista de armonía e igualdad racial -lo que los académicos contemporáneos han llamado el "mito de democracia racial"- surgió durante las guerras anticoloniales hispanoamericanas de principios del siglo XIX. Factores como la participación de los negros y mulatos en el ejército patriota, el miedo de la elite a la guerra de razas y la poderosa ideología nacionalista que surgió durante las guerras, llevaron a que las nuevas naciones hispanoamericanas "resolvieran" sus conflictos raciales con la creación de un mito nacionalista de armonía e igualdad racial. Este artículo examina el lado intelectual e ideológico de este proceso. A lo largo del texto la autora narra cómo en las Cortes Constitucionales de Cádiz se negó la ciudadanía a los afro-descendientes y cómo, como resultado de estos debates y de la movilización de patriotas negros y mulatos, el discurso patriota empezó a equiparar los derechos de los pardos con la lucha en contra del sistema colonial y el patriotismo con la armonía racial. Es así como se forja una nueva y poderosa ideología nacionalista que afectará las relaciones raciales de los próximos dos siglos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR];
"After an introduction providing biographical details and some historical context for the Caribbean in the period 1811–1830, the article looks in detail at what have been seen to be [MacGregor's] successes and failures in the Caribbean region. It asks to what extent questions of ethnicity or masculinity have affected the way contemporaries and historians viewed MacGregor and his actions." (IngentaConnect Blog)
Pachico, Douglas (author) and Wolf, Marianne McGarry (author)
Format:
Book chapter
Publication Date:
2004
Published:
Colombia
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: C21753
Notes:
Pages 155-161 in Robert E.Evenson and Vittorio Santaniello (eds.), Consumer acceptance of genetically modified foods. CABI Publishing, Oxon, United Kingdom. 235 pages.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
352 p, Contains: Papers based on the lectures delivered at the Segundo Coloquio Nacional de Estudios Afrocolombianos on Mar. 18-20, 2004 in Popayán, Colombia./ Includes bibliographical references.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
323 p, "Explores the history of música tropical, analyzing its rise in the context of the development of the broadcast media, rapid urbanization, and regional struggles for power." Touches on the black roots of this music. (Book)
This is a sociolinguistic study of San Basilio, located on Colombia's northern or Caribbean coast and the last surviving community where a Spanish-based Creole language still exists in the whole of the Americas
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
xxvi, 264 : ill., map ; 24 cm, Festive rituals, religious associations, and ethnic reaffirmation of Black Andalusians / Isidoro Moreno -- Presence of Blackness and representation of Jewishness in the Afro-Esmeraldian celebrations of the Semana Santa (Eduador).
Alvarez,Sonia E. (Editor), Dagnino,Evelina (Editor), and Escobar,Arturo (Editor)
Format:
Book, Edited
Publication Date:
1998
Published:
Boulder, CO: Westview Press
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Journal Title Details:
p. 459
Notes:
Includes Black movements and the "politics of identity" in Brazil / Olivia maria Gomes da Cunha's "Black Movements and 'Politics of Identity' in Brazil"; and Libia Grueso, Carlos Rosero, Arturo Escobar Grueso's "The process of black community organizing in the southern Pacific coast region of Colombia"
Researcher for the Inter American Press Association: "practicing investigative journalism can be far more dangerous in small-town South America than in the capitals." Cites deaths of reporters who exposed drug traffickers and corruption, and criticized politicians and ruling elite in rural areas of Colombia and Brazil.
Since July 4, 1991, a new constitution has allowed Colombians to exercise their citizenship by displaying cultural diversity rather than by concealing it as required by the previous political charter. Paradoxically, invisibility continues not only to impede full ethnic inclusion of Afro-Colombians but to aggravate ethnic asymmetries that, in turn, erode nonviolent coexistence among the black and Indian people who have shared portions of the Baudo River valley (Department of Choco) for at least 150 years.
Portuguese and Spanish slavers supplied the Americas with "los Negros," the Blacks. Only those young and strong, impervious to European disease and able to withstand months of torturous living packed in the cruel quarters of slave shipholds survived the middle passage. Those who arrived, stunned and malnourished, lost in a foreign land, were easy prey to the slavers. Removed from a world that had nourished them, left to the mercy of those whose own lack of humanity prevented the recognition of theirs, they were utterly dependent and at the mercy of their captors. Vestiges of racism threaten to dismantle further progress in South America, as they do here. The prophecies of Willie Lynch, a slave owner who created a divisive plan to keep Blacks separate by fostering dissent among them, are coming true. Lynch outlined the differences in physical characteristics among the slaves-skin shade, hair texture, height, etc. By playing up these differences, Lynch promised, "The Black slave, after receiving this indoctrination, shall carry on and will become self-refueling and self-generating for hundreds of years, maybe thousands." Throughout North and South America, Lynch's plan lives on. Color lines rule, with the predominantly European strains remaining in power, and those of darker skin and crisper hair texture continue to be oppressed. It is a chilling reality that echoes down from the brutal suppression of the native peoples of Chiapas to the continued repression of Mexicans here and in their own country, to the harsh discrimination shown the Blacks of Brazil and America.
