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2. Our Heritage: America's Black Indians
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Vaughn,Leroy (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 1998-07-15
- Published:
- Los Angeles, CA
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Sentinel
- Journal Title Details:
- 15 : A8
- Notes:
- Escaped slaves became Spanish Florida's first settlers. They joined refugees from the Creek Nation and called themselves Seminoles which means runaways. Intermixing became so common that they were soon called Black Seminoles. The black Seminoles struck frequently against slave plantations and runaway slaves swelled their ranks. The U.S. government launched three massive war campaigns against the Seminole nation over a period of 40 years. The second war alone cost the U.S. government over 40 million dollars and 1500 soldiers. The Seminoles eventually signed a peace treaty with President Polk which was violated in 1849 when the U.S. Attorney General ruled that black Seminoles were still slaves under U.S. law.
3. Transnational identity, the singing of spirituals, and the performance of blackness among Mascogos
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Madrid,Alejandro L., (Author)
- Format:
- Book, Section
- Publication Date:
- 01/01; 2011
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Collected Work: Transnational encounters: Music and performance at the U.S.-Mexico border.Pages: 171-190.(AN: 2011-06824).
- Notes:
- By reflecting on the intersections of race, nationality, and the body within the specificities of Black Seminole border culture and history, the essay problematizes Anne Anlin Cheng’s notion of racial melancholia, suggesting that self rejection might be a more strategic move than Cheng acknowledges it to be. In the end, the author coins the term dialectical soundings and proposes that the singing of spirituals among the Black Seminoles in fact operates as such, rendering blackness visible in the context of the Mexican border essentialist racial discourse.