The Caribbean island of Carriacou was ceded to the British by the French after the Seven Years’War (1763). Carriacou’s population of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Scots, and free people of color, along with their enslaved workers, comprised a distinctive slaveholding society in comparison to that of the old British colonies.
Mouser,Bruce L. (Author) and Mouser,Bruce L. (Editor)
Format:
Book, Whole
Publication Date:
2002
Published:
Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
Based on Samuel Gamble’s ship’s log entitled ’A journal of an intended voyage, by God’s permission, from London towards Africa from hence to America in the good ship Sandown" by me Samuel Gamble Commander.Captain Samuel Gamble's log contains the record of a slaving venture to Africa and Jamaica that nearly failed. It is one of the best firsthand narratives of the slave trade to survive. Bruce Mouser's faithfully transcribed and carefully annotated edition of Gamble's log provides a haunting perspective on slave trading at the end of the 18th century. Gamble was captain of the British merchant Sandown. During 1793—1794, the ship embarked on a commercial venture from England to Upper Guinea in West Africa to buy slaves and transport them for sale in Kingston, Jamaica. Gamble describes shipping at the beginning of the Anglo-French war in 1793, naval and nautical procedures for the English-African-West Indian trade, and the slave-trading patterns and institutions on the African coast and at Kingston, Jamaica. He recounts as well a yellow fever epidemic that swept the Atlantic and crippled commerce on both sides of the ocean. Mouser's extensive annotations place Gamble's account in historical context and explain for the reader Gamble's observations on commerce, disease, and African peoples along the Upper Guinea coast; Based on Samuel Gamble’s ship’s log entitled ’A journal of an intended voyage, by God’s permission, from London towards Africa from hence to America in the good ship Sandown" by me Samuel Gamble Commander.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
270 p., Contents: 1. El arribo -- 2. De oficios, ocupaciones y formas de subsistencia -- 3. Los afroporteños propietarios -- 4. El proceso abolicionista -- 5. Las manifestaciones religiosas -- 6. Las cofradías religiosas -- Conclusiones.
Mona, Jamaica: Department of History, University of the West Indies
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
125 p, Contents: The passing of a nation : the Carib Indians of the Lesser Antilles / Gérard Lafleur -- St. Domingan refugees in the Philadelphia community in the 1790's / Susan Branson -- An archaeological record of plantation life in the Bahamas / Grace Turner
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
Reproduction of original from Goldsmiths' Library, University of London. Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 13282; included in Thomson Gale's Eighteenth century collections online., 64 p
Hauser,Mark W. (Author) and Florida museum of natural history (Author)
Format:
Book, Whole
Publication Date:
2008
Published:
Gainesville: University Press of Florida
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
269 p., In 18th-century Jamaica, an informal, underground economy existed among enslaved laborers. Utilizes both documentary and archaeological evidence to reveal how slaves practiced their own systematic forms of economic production, exchange, and consumption. Hauser compares the findings from a number of previously excavated sites and presents new analyses that reinterpret these collections in the context of island-wide trading networks
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
254 p, Explores the forms of personhood that developed out of New World plantations, from Georgia and Florida through Jamaica to Haiti and extending into colonial metropoles such as Philadelphia. Allewaert's examination of the writings of naturalists, novelists, and poets; the oral stories of Africans in the diaspora; and Afro-American fetish artifacts shows that persons in American plantation spaces were pulled into a web of environmental stresses, ranging from humidity to the demand for sugar.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
340 p., Sailing the tide of a tumultuous era of Atlantic revolutions, a remarkable group of African-born and African-descended individuals transformed themselves from slaves into active agents of their lives and times. Reconstructs the lives of unique individuals who managed to move purposefully through French, Spanish, and English colonies, and through Indian territory, in the unstable century between 1750 and 1850. Mobile and adaptive, they shifted allegiances and identities depending on which political leader or program offered the greatest possibility for freedom.
Recalls the revolution which occurs in Haiti in August 1791. It recounts that the liberation of the African Haitian people, establishment of the Haiti Republic and the end of the dreams of Napoleon for a French-American Empire in the West are the effects of the revolution. It tells that Haitians accomplish independence in Latin America, become the second independent nation in the Western hemisphere, and the first African American republic in the modern world due to their liberation.
The article focuses on the interactions between anglophone blacks, black Caribbeans, and indigenous southern Mesoamericans during the second half of the 18th century. The author discusses the history of race relations between Europeans, Africans, and Indians within the British and Spanish empires, examines the relationship between Mayas and Spanish colonists, and analyzes the role of religious differences within their encounters.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
280 p., Compares the experiences of persons of African origin and descent in the towns of Baltimore and Sabara, Black Townsmen reconsiders their relationship to eighteenth-century urban environments in the Americas. Following Africans and their descendants through their struggle with slavery, manumission, and life in freedom, Dantas explains how these men and women's efforts and choices helped to define the trajectory of these two towns.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
341 p, A study of representations of Atlantic slavery in the visual arts between 1780 and 1865. It examines paintings, sculptures, prints, textiles, maps, ceramics, jewellery, needlework and theatre. The work also demands that we reconsider how slavery is culturally constructed in the West now.
Solow,Barbara L. (Editor) and Engerman,Stanley L. (Editor)
Format:
Book, Edited
Publication Date:
1987
Published:
Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Journal Title Details:
p. 345 p.
Notes:
Includes Dunn, "Dreadful Idlers' in the Cane Fields: The Slave Labor Pattern on a Jamaican Sugar Estate, 1762-1831," pp. 163-90, 173, 179, 188; Craton and Walvin, "Jamaican Plantation," pp. 134-41; and Long, "History of Jamaica," pp. 2:437-40.
Burlington, Ont.: TannerRitchie Pub. in collaboration with the Library and Information Services of the University of St. Andrews
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
Other Titles: America and West Indies, 1699. Originally published in print: London : Printed for H.M.S.O., by Mackie and Co., 1908., 1 online resource., This book discusses the original state paper of the British colonies; Editors: [v. 1-10] W.N. Sainsbury (with J.W. Fortescue, [v. 10])-- [v. 11-16] J.W. Fortescue.-- [v. 17-] Cecil Headlam (with A.P. Newton, [v. 38-])./ Eastern series continued in the calendars published by the India office
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
263 p., Analyzing pamphlets, newspapers, estate papers, trial transcripts, and missionary correspondence, this book recovers stories of ordinary Caribbean people, enslaved and free, as they made places for themselves in the empire and the Atlantic world, from the time of sugar tycoon Simon Taylor to the perspective of Samuel Ringgold Ward, African American eyewitness to the 1865 Morant Bay rebellion.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
358 p, Contents: From A true and exact history of the island of Barbados (1657) /; Richard Ligon --; From Jamaica viewed (1661) /; Edmund Hickeringill --; From Friendly advice to the gentlemen-planters of the East and West Indies (1684) /; Thomas Tryon --; Trip to Jamaica (1698) /; Edward Ward --; Speech made by a Black of Guardaloupe (1709) /; Anonymous --; Speech of Moses Bon Saam (1735) /; Anonymous --; From The speech of Mr. John Talbot Campo-bell (1736) /; Robert Robertson --; Story of Inkle and Yarico and An epistle from Yarico to Inkle, after he had left her in slavery (1738) /; Frances Seymour --; Poems from Caribbeana (1741) /; The "Ingenious Lady" of Barbados --; Sugar cane: a poem, in four books (1764) /; James Grainger --; From A general description of the West-Indian islands (1767) /; John Singleton --; "Carmen, or, an Ode," in Edward Long's A history of Jamaica (1774) /; Francis Williams --; From Jamaica, a poem, in three parts (1777) /; Anonymous.
Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil: Universidade de Passo Fundo : UPF Editora
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
Originally presented as the author's thesis (master's)--Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da UPF, 2007., 413 p, Blacks were used in several activities of the mining universe, highlighting
work in the mines and planting gardens. With the mining crisis at the end of the 18th century there was an expansion to the interior of Mato Grosso province. Existence and use of captive labor seems to have persisted in the region until near the end the 19th century with the abolition of slavery.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
211 p, Contents: Introduction: Historicising 'Woman' and Slavery -- Black Women and the Political Economy of Slavery -- Property Rights in Pleasure: marketing Black Women's Sexuality -- Phibbah's Price: A black 'wife' for Thomas Thisleewood -- White women and freedom -- Fenwick's Fortune: A White Woman's West India Dream -- A Governor's Wife's Tale: Lady Nugent's "Blackies" -- A Planter's Wife's Tale: Mrs. Carmichael's Pro-Slavery Discourse -- Old Doll's Daughters: Flight from Bondage and Blackness -- An Economic Life of Their Own: Enslaved Women as Entrepreneurs -- Taking Liberties: Enslaved Women and Anti-Slavery Politics -- Historicising Slavery in Caribbean Feminism.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
1 videocassette (24 min.), Documents the history of the Cimarrones, the few African slaves who escaped from the Spanish conquistadores to live in freedom in Peru. Reenacts an incident that took place on May 8, 1808, when one band of Cimarrones ambushed a caravan of Spaniards on the way to execute two slave prisoners.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
202 p, "Why do the people of the French Caribbean still continue to be haunted by the memory of their slave past more than one hundred and fifty years after the abolition of slavery? What process led to the divorce of their collective memory of slavery and emancipation from France's portrayal of these historical phenomena? How are Martinicans and Guadeloupeans today transforming the silences of the past into historical and cultural manifestations rooted in the Caribbean? This book answers these questions by relating the 1998 controversy surrounding the 150th anniversary of France's abolition of slavery to the period of the slave regime spanning the late Enligtenment and the French Revolution. By comparing a diversity of documents - including letters by slaves, free people of color, and planters, as well as writings by the philosophes, royal decrees, and court cases - the author untangles the complex forces of the slave regime that have shaped collective memory. The current nationalization of the memory of slavery in France has turned these once peripheral claims into passionate political and cultural debates." --Jacket.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
239 p., From 1791 to 1804, revolution on the French Caribbean colony of Saint-Domingue sent thousands of free and enslaved people of African descent to the United States. Historians have largely viewed this migration as contributing to black community formation in cities like Philadelphia, and as evidence of revolutionary connections in an Atlantic World. This dissertation examines the experiences of these migrants as an example of competing identities among people of African descent, and argues that the emergence of an ethnic identity among black Saint-Dominguans, shaped by Roman Catholicism and French language, impeded assimilation into African-American communities.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
306 p., Weather-induced environmental crises and slow responses from imperial authorities, Johnson argues, played an inextricable and, until now, largely unacknowledged role in the rise of revolutionary sentiments in the 18th century Caribbean.
261 p., Italian painter Agostino Brunias first traveled to the Caribbean sometime around 1770 in the employ of Sir William Young, First Baronet, a British aristocrat who had been charged with overseeing the sale of lands in the islands won by Britain from France at the end of the Seven Years War. Working primarily on the islands of Dominica and St. Vincent, as Young's official painter, Brunias was ostensibly charged with documenting the exotic bounty and diversity of the islands. For roughly the next quarter century, he painted for plantocrats and the colonial elite, creating romanticized tableaux that featured Caribbeans of color--so called "Red" and "Black" Caribs, dark-skinned Africans and Afro-Creoles, and people of mixed race. Examines how the artist's images reflected and refracted ideas about race commonly held by Britons in the colonial Caribbean during the late 18th century.
Philadelphia, PA: University of Philadelphia Press
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
217 p., In the 18th century, Bridgetown, Barbados, was heavily populated by both enslaved and free women. Recounts the lives of enslaved women in 18th century Bridgetown, Barbados, and their conditions of confinement through urban, legal, sexual, and representational power wielded by slave owners, authorities, and the archive.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
241 p, In the Caribbean colony of Grenada in 1797, Dorothy Thomas signed the manumission documents for her elderly slave Betty. Thomas owned dozens of slaves and was well on her way to amassing the fortune that would make her the richest black resident in the nearby colony of Demerara. What made the transaction notable was that Betty was Dorothy Thomas’s mother and that fifteen years earlier Dorothy had purchased her own freedom and that of her children. Although she was just one remove from bondage, Dorothy Thomas managed to become so rich and powerful that she was known as the Queen of Demerara.
An exploration into the social networks of the Anglo-Caribbean African population from the mid 18th to early 19th centuries. Details are given describing the unique identity and culture of an international Black Protestant community established during the period. The transition from White evangelism of slaves to the self-sustained and promoted religious community of the African population is noted. Individual leaders such as William Hammet, William Meredith, and Denmark Vesey are also profiled.
Chapel Hill: Published for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Virginia, by the University of North Carolina Press
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
296 p., The formal evolution of colonial prose narrative, Ianinni argues, was contingent upon the emergence of natural history writing, which itself emerged necessarily from within the context of Atlantic slavery and the production of tropical commodities. As he reestablishes the history of cultural exchange between the Caribbean and North America, Ianinni recovers the importance of the West Indies in the formation of American literary and intellectual culture as well as its place in assessing the moral implications of colonial slavery.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
189 p., Traces the shape of historical thought among peoples who had previously been denied any history at all. The top half of each page presents a direct transcript of oral histories told by living Saramakas about their eighteenth-century ancestors, "Maroons" who had escaped slavery and settled in the rain forests of Suriname. Below these transcripts, Richard Price provides commentaries placing the Saramaka accounts into broader social, intellectual, and historical contexts.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
208 p., Illustrates the way enslaved Africans lived and helped to shape Jamaican society in the three decades before British abolition of the slave trade. Audra Diptee's in-depth investigations reveal unexpected insights into the demographics of those captured in Africa and legally transported on British slave ships.
this article charts the connection between gendered concepts of 'whiteness' in Anglo-Caribbean contexts and in metropolitan discourses surrounding British national identity, as articulated in eighteenth-century colonial legislation and official correspondence, popular texts and personal narratives of everyday life. It explores the extent to which the socio-sexual practices of British West Indian whites imperilled the emerging conflation between whiteness and Britishness.
Maintains that the period between 1750 and 1850 represented an age of interrelated revolutions, and events in Haiti constitute an integral part of the history of the Atlantic world
he author criticizes scholarship by Trevor Burnard and attempts to demonstrate the need to systematize a framework that captures the complexity of West Indian social structure and looks beyond the most visceral racial divide on the one hand or the merely local on the other. Burnard, in his recent book on Thomas Thistlewood, the eighteenth-century Jamaican overseer, pen-keeper, and slaveowning diarist, notes the spirit of egalitarianism that existed among Whites in Jamaica and the absence of class conflict among them, despite clear socioeconomic differences. The argument is clearly correct on a number of points, and not without significant merit and insight, Green argues. The fact that race trumped class in the White créole imagination and that recruitment to political office was of necessity inclusive of "lesser Whites" should not in any way provide an excuse for leaving those inequalities unexamined--especially when they formed a key constitutive element in the production of empire, she continues.;
Addresses change and continuity in mortuary practices from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries within enslaved and free populations on the former Danish and current US Virgin Island of St. John. St. John's former residents created diverse burial sites for practical and symbolic reasons related to environment, kinship, socio-cultural politics, and religion. Reveals how people historically transformed identities of selves and communities as they perceived and commemorated the dead through meaningful mortuary sites and practices within dynamic local and regional contexts.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
320 p, "Trevor Burnard's Mastery, Tyranny, and Desire is a detailed study based on a rather unusual and exhaustive diary of an English migrant who becomes a small slaveholder in eighteenth-century Jamaica. It probably contains more information than any single source on Jamaican society and on slaves and slavery, and provides many important insights into the lives of slaves and of whites. Given the subject and the materials, this book will be of interest to all concerned with the study of slavery as well as scholars of the Caribbean and of British Caribbean history." (Stanley L. Engerman, University of Rochester )
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
238 p, "Mosneron's memoirs illustrate a merchant's life in the golden age of France's major slave-trading port, his austere values, and his persistence. As a young captain, he introduces us to the experience of voyages to the African coast and to the commercial circles of Caribbean colonial ports"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 58.;
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Journal Title Details:
xvi
Notes:
230 p, Pivot point of a career / World within a world / Sea of contention / Local perspective / Geopolitical factors / Troubled waters / Legal morass / The Schomberg affair / Fraud and pardon / The predecessors / A young widow / Courtship / Marriage / Aftermath. ; Contains: Includes bibliographical references ( [217]-221) and inde
Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
180 p., Brings together, in one volume, a number of monographs from the mid to late 18th century (the period known as the Age of Reason) on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of African and Creole slaves in the English-speaking Caribbean. Included here are James Grainger’s Essay on the More Common West-Indian Diseases (1764) and book 4 of The Sugar-Cane (1764); book 2 of the Reverend Griffith Hughes’s Natural History of the Island
of Barbados (1750); and Benjamin Moseley’s Miscellaneous Medical Observations (1789).
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
309 p, Using the stories of ordinary people, Block illustrates how engaging with the powerful rhetoric and rituals of Christianity was central to survival. Isobel Criolla was a runaway slave in Cartagena who successfully lobbied the Spanish governor not to return her to an abusive mistress. Nicolas Burundel was a French Calvinist who served as henchman to the Spanish governor of Jamaica before his arrest by the Inquisition for heresy. Henry Whistler was an English sailor sent to the Caribbean under Oliver Cromwell's plan for holy war against Catholic Spain. Yaff and Nell were slaves who served a Quaker plantation owner, Lewis Morris, in Barbados. Seen from their on-the-ground perspective, the development of modern capitalism, race, and Christianity emerges as a story of negotiation, contingency, humanity, and the quest for community.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
704 p., The Poetry of Slavery is the first book to collect the most important works of poetry generated by English and North American slavery. Mixing poetry by the major Anglo-American Romantic poets (Blake, Coleridge, Wordsworth, Shelley, Keats, Whittier, Longfellow, Lowell, Whitman, Melville,Dickinson) with curious, and sometimes brilliant verse by a range of now forgotten literary figures, the anthology is designed to aid students and teachers address the Anglo-American cultural inheritance of slavery.
Pagliaro,Harold E. (Author) and American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies (Author)
Format:
Book, Whole
Publication Date:
1973
Published:
Cleveland, OH: Press of Case Western Reserve University
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
468 p, Includes Leon G. Campbell's "Racism without race: ethnic group relations in late colonial peru," pp. 323-333; and David Lowenthal's "Free colored West Indians: a racial dilemma";
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
294 p, From New World to Pan-Atlantic: opening the history of America -- Francisco de Miranda, Toussaint Louverture, and the Pan-Atlantic sphere of liberation -- Pan-Atlantic exports and imports: translation, freedom, and the circulation of cultural capital -- Positioning South America from HMS Beagle: the navigator, the discoverer, and the ocean of free trade -- Pan-Atlantic migrations: capital, culture, revolution.; Time: 1700 - 1899
Bender,Thomas (Editor), Dubois,Laurent (Editor), and Rabinowitz,Richard (Editor)
Format:
Book, Edited
Publication Date:
2011
Published:
London; New York: D Giles Ltd.
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
287 p, A season of revolutions : the United States, France, and Haiti / Thomas Bender -- Insurgents before independence : the revolution of the American people / T.H. Breen -- A port in the storm : Philadelphia's commerce during the Atlantic revolution era / Cathy Matson -- Atlantic revolutions and the age of abolitionism / David Brion Davis and Peter P. Hinks -- The achievement of the Haitian revolution, 1791-1804 / Robin Blackburn -- An African revolutionary in the Atlantic world / Laurent Dubois and Julius S. Scott -- Liberty in black, white, and color : a trans-Atlantic debate / Jeremy D. Popkin -- A vapor of dread : observations on racial terror and vengeance in the age of revolution / Vincent Brown -- One woman, three revolutions : Rosalie of the Poulard nation / Rebecca J. Scott and Jean M. Hébrard -- The 1804 Haitian revolution / Jean Casimir -- Curating history's silences : the Revolution exhibition / Richard Rabinowitz.; Explores, largely through illustrations, how three globally influential revolutions transformed politics and culture between 1763 and 1816, from the triumph of the British Empire in the Seven Years' War to the end of the Napoleonic Wars.; Time: Geschichte 1763-1815. 1700 - 1804
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
306 p., Uncovers the long-forgotten story of the Hankey, a small British ship that circled the Atlantic in 1792 and 1793. From its altruistic beginnings to its disastrous end, describes the ship's fateful impact upon people from West Africa to Philadelphia, Haiti to London. It began with a group of high-minded British colonists who planned to establish a colony free of slavery in West Africa. With the colony failing, the ship set sail for the Caribbean and then North America, carrying, as it turned out, mosquitoes infected with yellow fever. The resulting pandemic as the Hankey traveled from one port to the next was catastrophic.
The article discusses the history of Santo Domingo (which was renamed the Dominican Republic) under the French General Jean-Louis Ferrand from 1804 through 1809. Particular focus is given to Ferrand's efforts, under the direction of the French Emperor Napoleon I, to re-enslave Santo Domingo and overthrow Haiti's ruler Toussaint Louverture. An overview of the slavery laws in Santo Domingo is provided. Ferrand's use of black Haitian captives as slaves, including the Haitians captured by the French who lived near the border with Santo Domingo, is provided.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Journal Title Details:
3 vols
Notes:
Contents: v. 3. An historical survey of the French colony in the island of St. Domingo: comprehending an account of the revolt of the negroes in the year 1791, and a detail of the military transactions of the British army in that island
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
477 p., This study is a "deep history" of the British invasion and occupation of Havana and western Cuba (1762-3) at the end of the Seven Years' War. By contextualizing this event within the broader story of intercolonial relations of war, trade, and slavery from 1713 to 1790, it demonstrates that the British occupation was a continuation and expansion of relations that preceded and postdated the invading warships' arrival. These Anglo-Cuban relations were forged through contraband commerce, the British slave trade to Cuba, and the practices of interimperial warfare, all of which undermined Spanish sovereignty in Cuba and linked its populations of both European and African descent to its British colonial neighbors.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
951 p., Story of an elderly African, blind and dying, traveling from Africa to Brazil in search of the lost son for decades. Along the journey, she will tell her life, marked by killings, rape, violence and slavery. Set in an important historical context in the formation of the Brazilian people and narrated in a way in which the historical facts are immersed in daily life and in the lives of the characters.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
951 p., A story of an African elderly who is blind, and on the verge of death, travels to from African to Brazil in a hunt for the lost child for decades.
