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2. Gender differences in use and preferences of agricultural information sources in Pakistan
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- J. Lamontagne-Godwin (author), F. E. Williams (author), N. Aslam, S. Cardey (author), P. Dorward (author), and M. Alma (author)
- Format:
- Online journal article
- Publication Date:
- 2018-06-27
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 149 Document Number: D10112
- Journal Title:
- The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
- Journal Title Details:
- 24(5) : 419–434
- Notes:
- Via online journal, Purpose: Rural advisory services ensure agricultural information is disseminated to rural populations, yet they are less accessible to women. This research provides insight on gender differences in information access by investigating frequency of use and preference of agricultural information sources by gender in a rural setting, differentiated according to literacy and age. Design/Methodology/approach: This study interviewed 401 male/female individuals in farm households in Jhang and Bahawalpur district of Punjab, Pakistan in 2016. Findings: Men and women farmers’ use and preferences in accessing information sources are extremely different. Women hardly use sources for agricultural information, and value interpersonal communication from informal sources. In contrast, men use and value official agencies more. Radio, surprisingly, was very rarely used, contradicting previous findings of research elsewhere. Age and literacy affect differences between women more than it does between men, particularly for convenient locations to access information. Practical implications The study identified and refined major gender differences regarding use and preference for agricultural information in relation to age and literacy, and helps to articulate options to improve gender equality of access to agricultural information in Pakistan. Theoretical implications: The focus and outcomes regarding gender intersecting with age and literacy in agricultural information access imply the need for more refined socio-economic models, discerning and interrelating gender and other social dimensions beyond the standard of male-headed households. Originality/value: This paper adds to the growing body of evidence on information access according to gender, highlighting the need to investigate deeper socio-cultural issues around age and literacy.
3. Spanning the gap: the confluence of agricultural literacy and being agriculturally literate
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Chris Clemons (author), James R. Lindner (author), Bruce Murray (author), Mike P. Cook (author), Brandon Sams (author), and Gwendolyn Williams (author)
- Format:
- Journal article
- Publication Date:
- 2018-04-15
- Published:
- USA
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 149 Document Number: D10105
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Agricultural Education
- Journal Title Details:
- 59(4) : 238-252
- Notes:
- Via online issue. Pgs. 283-252, The purpose of the study was to examine the confluence of agricultural literacy, what it means to be agriculturally literate, and if a gap between agricultural literacy and being agriculturally literate existed. Two primary research questions framed this study: 1) How do agriculture professionals define agricultural literacy? 2) What does it mean to be agriculturally literate? While the terms literacy and literate are often used synonymously they have important and different meanings. This study used the Delphi Study Technique for determining consensus. The Delphi panel consisted of engaged agricultural professionals from seven states. These professions represented a broad spectrum of agricultural careers and experience. Each panel member was recognized as a leader in his or her field. The findings indicated that participants did not discern a difference between agricultural literacy and being agriculturally literate in regards to reading, writing, and speaking about agriculture. This study supports the conclusion that the terms agriculturally literate and agricultural literacy are used interchangeably. Agricultural professional may not be aware of the inherent differences between possessing agricultural literacy and being agriculturally literate.