Reviewing the 22 years that have elapsed since Gifford's 1989 report labelled Liverpool as racist, the authors focus on the fact that in a city which has had a British African Caribbean community for over 400 years, there is minimum representation of that community in the city's workforce.
Discusses the impact of the global financial crisis in late 2008 on social welfare, specifically to mother's ability to provide for their households' needs. Mentions the continuous unemployment, rise in food prices, and decline in Overseas Development Assistance and Foreign Direct Investment.