Dos Santos and Joaquim Barbosa Gomes, a constitutional law professor and lecturer at Columbia University, say racism is more easily detected in the United States than Brazil and is thus harder to combat. Affirmative action's advocates chide dos Santos Silva and other cautious Afro Brazilians, noting that blacks have been "feeling different" since an estimated 3.6 million slaves toiled throughout the country from 1532 to 1850. That estimate does not include the captured Africans who did not survive the brutal journey to Brazil by ship.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
627 p, This study explores issues of race, racism, and strategies to improve the status of people of African descent in Brazil, South Africa and the USA. The authors provide in-depth information about each country, together with analyses of cross-cutting themes;
"A single highway connects the Caribbean province of Limón to mainstream society in the highlands of Costa Rica. This paper explores the ways in which that highway affects the status hierarchy of mainstream society in Costa Rica, and how the construction of whiteness as an unexamined racial qualifier for total social incorporation constrains the perception of blacks as social liminars and blackness as a state of communitas. The argument elaborates the work of Victor Turner on ritual liminality to suggest the structural ambiguity of Afro-Latin Americans in the context of Costa Rica." (author"
"On questions of race, Brazil is enigmatic," [David Covin] says. "Brazil sees itself as a racial democracy, with opportunity for everyone. Yet the country portrays itself as white, and the bulk of the population of people of African descent is marginalized -- socially, politically and economically." Blacks are generally considered a majority of the Brazilian population, at least outside Brazil. The United Nations has estimated blacks make up as much as 73 percent of the population, compared to 12 percent in the United States. Brazil's official census, though, shows the black population at about 44 percent, a sign that Brazil's leadership and population place a premium on "whiteness," according to Covin.
Hopenhayn,Martín (Author), Bello,Alvaro (Author), and United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. Social Development Division (Author)
Format:
Book, Whole
Language:
Spanish
Publication Date:
2001
Published:
Santiago de Chile: CEPAL, División de Desarrollo Social
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
68 p., After centuries of exclusion and domination at the beginning of the new millennium indigenous peoples, Afro-Latin and Afro-Caribbean have the worst economic and social indicators and have little cultural recognition and access to decision makers. In Latin America and the Caribbean five countries account for nearly 90% of the regional indigenous population: Peru (27%), Mexico (26%), Guatemala (15%), Bolivia (12%), and Ecuador (8%). Afro-Latin and Afro-Caribbean region in the black and mestizo population reaches 150 million people, which means about 30% of the total population of the region. With regard to its geographical location, located especially in Brazil (50%) ;, Colombia (20%); and Venezuela (10%).
Buenos Aires, Argentina: Editores de América Latina
Location:
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
510 p, Contents: I. LOS ESTUDIOS AFRICANISTICOS EN LA ARGENTINA. Hebe Clementi, "La negritud y la historia americana," p 41-48; Maria Elena Vela, "Historia y actualidad de los estudios," p 49-62; Marisa Pinau, "La ensenanza de historia de Africa subsahariana en la Argentina," p 63-70; M.V. Pereyra de Findanza, "Los que son demsiado negro...", p 71-86. II. LA TRATA DE ESCLAVOS. LA PBLACION AFROARGENTINA. Florencia Guzman, "El destino de los esclavos de la Compania," p 87-108; Silvia C. Mallo, "Mujeres esclavas en America a fines de siglo XVIII," p 109-126; Liliana Crespi, "Utilizacion de mano de obra esclava en areas mineras y subsidarias," p 127-162. III. LA PRESENCIA LINGUISTICA Y LITERARIA. Mario Corcuera Ibanez, "La presencia linguistica y literaria," p 163-168; Dina V. Picotti, "Un modo de pensar y de lenguaje," p 169-198; Beatriz Seibel, "La presencia afroargentina en el espectaculo," p 199-208; Jose Curbelo, "Los payadores negros en el Rio de la Plata," p 209-214.
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
238 p., Study of the relations between Haiti and black America from the colonial period to the present, the author shows how historical ties between these two communities of the African diaspora have affected their respective histories, cultures and community lives. R