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2. Perceptions of forestry and range organization managers of the role of extension in protection of forests in Iran
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Verma, Satish (author / Tarbiat Modarres University), Chizari, Mohammad (author / Tarbiat Modarres University), and Farhadian, Homayoun (author / Tarbiat Modarres University)
- Format:
- Proceedings
- Publication Date:
- 1999-03-23
- Published:
- Iran: Association for International Agricultural and Extension Education
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 138 Document Number: C21006
- Notes:
- Burton Swanson Collection, 8 pages, "Other Papers", from "1999 conference proceedings -- Association for International Agricultural and Extension Education", 15th Annual Conference, 21-24 March 1999, Port of Spain, Trinidad, 25-26, Tobago
3. Quantifying rice farmers’ pest management decisions: beliefs and subjective norms in stem borer control
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Heong, K.L. (author) and Escalada, M.M. (author)
- Format:
- Online journal article
- Publication Date:
- 1999-01
- Published:
- Elsevier
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 138 Document Number: D11478
- Journal Title:
- Crop Protection
- Journal Title Details:
- 18(5)
- Notes:
- 8 pages., via online journal., The paper introduces the pest belief model and Fishbein and Ajzen's theory of reasoned action to analyze farmers’ decisions in stem borer management. Farmers spent an average of $39/ha (median $18) on insecticides believing that if they had not controlled an average loss of 1004 kg/ha or $402 (median 592, $237) would occur. Farmers’ estimates of the worst attack averaged 19 white heads/m2 (median10) with the associated average loss of 1038 kg/ha or $415 (median 592, $270), implying that farmers’ decisions were guided by the worst attacks. Perceived benefits from insecticides were directly related with farmers’ insecticide use and perceived severity. Perceived susceptibility was also high, with 59% of farmers believing that a loss of 450 kg/ha would be “extremely or very likely”. Farmers believed insecticides could destroy natural enemies but placed only moderate importance to conserving them. Health was believed to be very important but farmers had mixed beliefs that spraying could bring about poor health. This study also provides evidence suggesting high peer pressure on farmers’ spray decisions directly influencing perceived benefits from sprays, insecticide spending and spray frequency.