Phase 2, INTERPAKS, The evolution of socio-economic thought concerning the diffusion of innovations started with a debate about the relative importance of social and economic factors in the adoption of hybrid corn and hybrid sorghum in the United States during the 1928-1941 period. Sociologists and economists agreed that an array of factors, not too well understood, and varying from one farm and farm area to another, stimulate adoption. The literature on the Green Revolution of the 1960's added new dimensions to the debate by considering not only adoption and production, but a host of other conditions such as markets and income distribution. The very nature of the adoption process tends to favor early adopters with favorable social and economic characteristics. Those less fortunate fall behind because they are unable to assume the added production costs and the risks associated with the potentially higher returns from the new technology. These new findings point to the necessity of formulating technological packages based on integrated socio-economic research where the entire decision environment of the farmer is considered.
Gwin, P.H. (author), Lionberger, H.F. (author), and Professor, Department of Rural Sociology, University of Missouri, Columbia; Professor of Extension Education, University of Missouri, Columbia
Format:
Book
Publication Date:
1982
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 57 Document Number: C01495
Notes:
Mason E. Miller Collection, Two copies, Danville, IL : Interstate printers & publishers, Inc., 1982. 265 p.
Booth, Robert H. (author), Rhoades, Robert (author), Shaw, Roy (author), and Werge, Robert (author)
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1982
Published:
International
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 95 Document Number: C07434
Notes:
INTERPAKS, In: Report of an exploratory workshop on the role of anthropologists and other social scientists in interdisciplinary teams developing improved food production technology. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute, 1982. p. 1-8., This case study of potato production and storage in Peru demonstrates how and why anthropologists can positively contribute to the generation and transfer of improved agricultural technology. Reports the effects of introducing an anthropologists to a CIP sponsored project in Central Mantaro Valley of the Central Peruvian Andes to study post-harvest activities and problems of highland farmers.
Bandong, J.P. (author), de la Cruz, C.G. (author), Goodell, G.E. (author), Kenmore, P.E. (author), Litsinger, J.A. (author), and Lumaban, M.D. (author)
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1982
Published:
International
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 95 Document Number: C07432
Notes:
INTERPAKS, In: Report of an exploratory workshop on the role of anthropologists and other social scientists in interdisciplinary teams developing improved food production technology. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute, 1982. p. 25-41., Describes how the interdisciplinary team formed by IRRI in 1978 to test and improve IRRI's integrated insect pest management (IPM) technology for farmers tilling small irrigated plots in Southeast Asia developed the technology from an initial Western orientation to its present form. Shows how IPM was tested in two projects in Central Luzon, each comprising five villages - one project "top down", the other "bottom up". Also describes how IPM was introduced in a control area with no attempt to organize farmers. Evaluates only the interdisciplinary research conducted in the "bottom up" villages where the project was the most successful.
Geisler, Charles E. (author), Martinson, Oscar B. (author), and Assistant Professor, Rural Sociology, Cornell University; Assistant Professor, Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
Format:
Journal article
Publication Date:
1982
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 50 Document Number: C00278
Phase II, Raises several questions about prevailing conception of adopters and adoption behavior. Specifically, the author argues that research has failed to take into account variations in farming environments, natural physical parameters, and the social organization of resources as factors influencing peasant farmers' adoption behavior. More attention ought to be given to the location specific constraints, characteristics and requirements of specific technologies, and to the general issue of whether identical technologies are equivalent innovations in different agro-climatic environments. Drawing on data from several villages in Nepal, the author shows that rates of adoption are location specific, that is, influenced more by agro-climatic conditions and socioeconomic organization than by inter-village differences in propensity to innovate. Ecological suitably and varying levels of farm resources have a direct effect on technology utilization.
