12 pages., Online via UI e-subscription., The author compiled restaurant sales and unit count estimates for 155 restaurant chains during 1981 through 1998. Unit-level sales and advertising expenditures were calculated by averaging annual system-wide totals by the number of units in operation during the year. Findings supported hypotheses that national advertising does not provide a positive return to advertising for many chain units and a larger proportion of chains exhibit a positive return to advertising at the system level than at the unit level.
18 pages., Online via UI e-subscription, Investigated the extent to which extenuating factors (excluding those produced by the commercial) affected the extent to which an advertisement was both persuasive and eventually engendered persuasion. Results demonstrated that the combined pre-existing market forces had a greater impact on a commercial's ability to persuade than did the message or creativity in the advertisement itself. Foods were among the products involved in this analysis.
