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32. Remembering Haiti -- The Struggle Continues
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Deal,Esther (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- Mar 11-Mar 17, 2004
- Published:
- Los Angeles, CA
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Sentinel
- Journal Title Details:
- 50 : C1-C.1
- Notes:
- Briefly, Haiti and the Dominican Republic occupy the same island in the West Indies, Haiti occupying the western part and the Dominican Republic the eastern part. ... after my year in the Dominican Republic I decided to go to Haiti as a tourist before returning to the U.S. I remember reporting to the embassy in Port-au-Prince to be briefed and to let them know where I was staying and where I would be going. I remember that the Caucasian male embassy employee who interviewed me was both curious and very amused that I was in Haiti to visit. I remember that he told me emphatically, "the only thing you have in common with these people is color." He proceeded to rattle off negative things about the Haitian people. I was shocked at his boldness but I kept my cool. An example of this is the fact that President Thomas Jefferson allegedly launched an economic embargo against Haiti when Haiti became independent, causing the U.S. and Europe to refuse to acknowledge its independence for decades. At the present time it is alleged that Haiti is the most depressed nation in the Western Hemisphere.
33. Revisiting Dr. Bobo's Centennial Address: An Alternative to Celebrating Freedom
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Lamour,Nekita (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- Jan 2005
- Published:
- Dorchester, MA
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Boston Haitian Reporter
- Journal Title Details:
- 1 : 11
- Notes:
- As I reflect on last year's political, social, and ecological events in Haiti and observing a future that looks dim for the younger generation, I want to take the same position that Dr. Rosalvo Bobo (1873-1929), a political leader, a physician, a researcher on herbal medicine, took at the eve of Haiti's centennial. I am not celebrating. Since January 1st is also a World Day of Peace, I would rather peacefully reflect on the following translation of Dr. Bobo's centennial speech addressed circa the end of 1903.
34. TOUSSAINT L'OUVERTURE: Leader of the Haitian Revolution
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Taylor,Erica (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 2010-02-05
- Published:
- Indianapolis, IN
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Recorder
- Journal Title Details:
- 6 : T11
- Notes:
- He was born a slave. He was called a genius of the rebellion. He was an 18th century rebel named Toussaint Breda, also known as Toussaint L'Ouverture, and he led the Haitian Revolution to abolish slavery. By the way, translated, L'Ouverture means "the opening."
35. The Haitian Revolution: Is Freedom Worth its Price?
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Thames-Copeland,Tiffany (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- Feb 2007
- Published:
- Mt. Airy, United States, Mt. Airy
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Take Pride! Community Magazine
- Journal Title Details:
- 2 : 26-27
- Notes:
- The chant among the enslaved Africans in Haiti was heard, "Coupe tet, boule kay!" and the Haitians complemented the rhetoric with full force-fueled by years of heartache, humiliation, torture, and inhumane treatment. The 500,000 enslaved Africans in Haiti, along with tens of thousands of Maroons, collectively took up arms and defeated the French, awarding Haiti with the title of the first Black Republic in the Western world and becoming the only people to win a slave revolution in the history of the world. The Haitians, with the support of strong leadership, were united physically and mentally. Sealing this collective support was their belief in a religion mustered trom their traditional religion in Africa. An important leader of this revolutionary period was a Voodoo priest, Dutty Boukman. Other leaders during the various stages in the revolution included Toussaint L'Ouverture, Andre Rigaud, Jean-Francois, Biassou, Jeannot, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, and Henry Christophe, many of which were former generals in the French army.
36. This Week In Black History: To be forever free
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 2002-01-12
- Published:
- Highland Park, MI
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Michigan Citizen
- Journal Title Details:
- 7 : B3
- Notes:
- On January 1, 1804, Gen. Jean-Jacques Dessalines, proclaimed to the world that his country, henceforth to be called Haiti, was free and independent. Previously dominated by France since buccaneers settled there in 1697, the small Caribbean island, whose eastern portion was under Spanish rule, had become an important slave colony. The slaves were imported from Africa and lived a harsh reality in comparison to the minority white slaveholding population. In 1789, Santo Domingo, as France called the colony, consisted of 450,000 enslaved Blacks, 40,000 whites, and 28,000 free Blacks and mulattos. The death rate for the enslaved population was high: While more than 800,000 Africans had been enslaved in the colony in the 1700s, only 450,000 survived in 1789. In 1791 a slave rebellion under the leadership of Vodou priest Boukman sparked a revolution that lasted thirteen years, culminating in independence in 1804. Toussaint L'Overture was the primary leader among the enslaved population, playing France against the British and Spanish, as he maneuvered the struggle closer to independence. However, in hoping to maintain a friendly relationship with France, L'Overture was deceived and placed in the French gallows upon an invitation to France. His able subordinates Dessalines and Henri Christophe, however, continued the liberation effort achieving independence and eventually driving all whites off the island nation.
37. Toussaint L'Ouverture
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Simmonds,Yussuf J. (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- Feb 4-Feb 10, 2010
- Published:
- Los Angeles, Calif., United States, Los Angeles, Calif.
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Sentinel
- Journal Title Details:
- 5 : A12-A.12
- Notes:
- According to colonial records, he was granted his freedom, given 13 slaves and 15 acres of land and allowed to grow coffee and sugar cane, as a surrogate plantation owner. When this declaration of the rights of all men was denied to the slave population, they revolted and in 1791, the rebellion swept the northern part of the island like a massive tidal wave.
38. Toussaint L'Ouverture
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Simmonds,Yussuf J. (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- May 31-Jun 6, 2007
- Published:
- Los Angeles, Calif., United States, Los Angeles, Calif.
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Sentinel
- Journal Title Details:
- 43 : A15-A.15
- Notes:
- Born Francois Dominique Toussaint, he gained historical recognition as "Toussaint L'Ouverture"-the "L'Ouverture" part of his name was bestowed upon him as a result of his freedom-fighting exploits later in his life. He was a self-educated slave who joined other slaves to fight for their common goal-their freedom and the establishment of a free country. He had no military training, or formal education but he possessed a passion for freedom, and an innate ability to organize. He was born on the island of Hispaniola on the Breda plantation between 1743 and 1746 having descended from the Arrada people of the Dahomey Coast, Africa. Toussaint was the oldest son of a slave brought to the French colony of Santo Domingo located on the eastern part of the island At that time, the island was called "Hispaniola;" the name "Haiti" came later on. It was Toussaint who eventually brought Haiti into being as an independent country. His slave-master was one Count de Breda who originally named him Toussaint Breda. The master also encouraged young Toussaint to learn to read and write, a rarity for a slave-master. It was because of Toussaint's assistance, the French were victorious against the British and the Spanish forces, yet the French were not willing to grant freedom to the slaves, which was the primary teason that Toussaint had lent his expertise to them. His series of military campaigns became known as "L'Ouverture" or "the opening," because he exploited openings in the defenses of the opposition. And Francois Dominique Toussaint then became known as "Toussaint L'Ouverture." In addition to their treachery and deception, France sent more regiments to the island m furtherance their scheme to renege on the moderate terms of peace and freedom that were promised to Toussaint and his men. The French were contemptuous and they boldly proclaimed, "Did Toussaint think that they had brought half a million African slaves to the New World to make them French citizens?" As leader of the nation, L'Ouverture organized a structured government and instituted public improvements. He was widely renowned, revered by Blacks and detested by Whites-the French and the Americans. L'Ouverture's activities did not go unnoticed by the U.S., a country that was prospering off slaves and their free labor. In his book "In the Matter of Color," author and noted jurist, A. Leon Higginbotham noted a French historian and politician who at that time wrote, "Thus it is that in the U.S., the prejudice rejecting the negroes seems to increase in proportion to their emancipation." (These events apparently propelled Nat Turner's rebellion as he attempted to follow the footsteps of L'Ouverture in Virginia).
39. Toussaint L'Ouverture: The Other Bonaparte!
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Dowdy,Eliz C. (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- 1998-02-28
- Published:
- San Bernardino, CA
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Precinct Reporter
- Journal Title Details:
- p. 5
- Notes:
- Toussaint L'Ouverture: The Other Bonaparte! When the friction of social injustice and deprivation ignite that fuel, glimmers of hope begin to surface. So it happened with the baby boy who came on the world scene as Toussaint L'Ouverture. Acts such as these stirred [Toussaint]; he felt destined to remedy the societal ills. He also knew the time was not yet right, so he waited and learned. Toussaint became the most humble, obliging slave. He was held up as a model to other slaves.
40. We owe a debt to Haiti
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Alford,Harry C. (Author)
- Format:
- Newspaper Article
- Publication Date:
- Oct 25-Oct 31, 2007
- Published:
- New York, NY
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- New York Beacon
- Journal Title Details:
- 43 : 8-8,35
- Notes:
- Today Haiti is looked at as a struggling island filled with poverty and conflict. It truly gets labeled with the "Third World" stereotype. Actually, the history of Haiti is rich and shows that it was actually the home of some of the greatest heroes in the fight to end western hemisphere slavery. Haiti caused the break up of the worst form of slavery in the history of the world. This island with the largest Black population in the Caribbean has immense economic challenges. This adventure taught the Haitian survivors a great lesson: The European military machines are vulnerable and can be defeated with proper planning. When they returned to Haiti, they spread that information amongst the slave populace and the planning began. In 1791, the historical slave revolt in Haiti began. It lasted until 1804. The rebellions caused Britain to give up on the slave trade in 1807 and the rest of Europe started their withdrawal of this evil practice. Many white French settlers left Louisiana and Haiti and moved to what are now Cuba, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. Many of the free Haitians moved to New Orleans and those ties still exist. Haiti was the catalyst in the abolishment of slavery. Thank you my brother Haitians.
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