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    1. Black Caribbean Labor Radicalism in Panama, 1914–1921

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    Collection:
    Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
    Contributers:
    Zumoff,J. A. (Author)
    Format:
    Journal Article
    Publication Date:
    2013-12
    Location:
    African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
    Journal Title:
    Journal of Social History
    Journal Title Details:
    47(2) : 429-457
    Notes:
    While the role of Caribbean immigrants in the “New Negro” movement in the United States is now well established, the concurrent militancy of black Caribbean workers in Panama is much less understood. Examines the rise and fall of Afro-Antillano militancy in both the U.S.-controlled Canal Zone and the Republic of Panama from 1914–1921.

    2. Cuba: Race Matters

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    Collection:
    Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
    Contributers:
    Binns,Leory A. (Author)
    Format:
    Journal Article
    Publication Date:
    2013-08
    Location:
    African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
    Journal Title:
    Race, Gender & Class
    Journal Title Details:
    20(3) : 333-345
    Notes:
    The Cuban journey on race relations denotes an adventure driven by ideology. A doctrine of equals and the need for consensus building towards national unity called for the reversal of disenfranchisement commonly practiced prior to the revolution. Public policy has affirmed a commitment to social integration of people of color yet the residue of bigotry still inflames the Cuban populace and stymies potential maturity among its people.