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2. Community Organizing by African Caribbean People in Toronto, Ontario
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Gooden,Amoaba (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2008
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Black Studies
- Journal Title Details:
- 38(3) : 413-426
- Notes:
- "This article investigates the efficacy of community organizing by African Caribbean migrants in Toronto, Ontario. The author argues that community organizing was an instinctive initiative of African Caribbean people. Historically, Black community organizational agenda, although owing much to its own resourcefulness and fortitude, was intimately connected to the influence and strength of the larger White population. Racism and social exclusions were the major external factors influencing the majority of African Caribbean institutional building." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR];
3. The Three Faces of Post-Emancipation Migration in Martinique, 1848-1865
- Collection:
- Black Caribbean Literature (BCL)
- Contributers:
- Brown,Laurence (Author)
- Format:
- Journal Article
- Publication Date:
- 2002
- Published:
- Barbados: University of the West Indies, Department of History
- Location:
- African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Caribbean History
- Journal Title Details:
- 36(2) : 310-336
- Notes:
- Internal, indentured and regional migration were tightly interlinked in post-emancipation Martinique by both contemporary perceptions and migrant actions. Anticipating a flight from the estates, colonial elites were committed before emancipation to constructing a replacement workforce through immigration. Indentureship was therefore a reaction to a crisis of labour relations rather than of labour supply. Such schemes also stimulated regional movements, from marronage by indentured Africans and Asians to recruitment efforts in the British West Indies. Viewed together, the three faces of post-emancipation migration reveal the continuing tension between the colony's search for coerced labour and the migrants' assertions of agency. [abstract];