Beall, Deborah Lane (author), Foerster, Susan (author), Knobel, Susan (author), Livingston, Sally (author), and Magnuson, Helen (author)
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1994
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 97 Document Number: C07875
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, Ham, Mimeographed, 1994. 1 p. Presented at the Society for Nutrition Education, Portland, OR, July 16-20, 1994., Fruit and vegetable consumption by children falls well below recommended levels. NCI's 5 A Day Program targets adults only. California's health department, produce industry, education department and American Cancer Society are reaching 4th and 5th graders with a child-driven campaign that offers adult intermediaries new, easy ways to engage kids. It applies resiliency theory (used in substance abuse) to help kids manage negatives in their food environment. Research and development, testing, revision, implementation, evaluation, and institutionalization will conclude by mid-1995. A 3-year marketing plan mobilized partners' efforts. Initial research with children and adult opinion leaders determined the focus, design, and elements of the campaign. "Turnkey" Idea and Resource (I&R) Kits were devised as vehicles to deliver the program in schools, community youth organizations (CYOs), and markets, complemented by state-level media. A "grants" program helped underwrite television PSAs, print media, and the kits. Research findings received considerable press attention. Pilot testing of the School I&R in nearly 50 classrooms revealed high student, teacher, and foodservice acceptability. ACS volunteers will provide outreach and additional feedback from more school districts statewide. Process measures with supermarkets and CYOs will be collected later in 1994. Children's 5 A Day is a large-scale program suitable for state 5 A Day, comprehensive school, health, and USDA school meal improvement initiatives. Despite clear public health need and widespread popularity, substantial advocacy is needed if such programs are to reach all children.
Kristal, Alan R. (author), Patterson, Ruth (author), and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1124 Columbia MP 702, Seattle, WA 98104; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1124 Columbia MP 702, Seattle, WA 98104
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1994
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 97 Document Number: C07879
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, Ham, Mimeographed, 1994. 1 p. Presented at the Society for Nutrition Education, Portland, OR, July 16-20, 1994., This study examined diet-related psychosocial constructs and healthful diet. We analyzed data from a 1989-90 random digit dial survey of cancer-related risk behavior administered to 1,972 Washington State residents. Psychosocial constructs were belief in an association of diet and cancer, knowledge of NCI recommendations and food composition, and perceived pressure (norms) to eat a health diet. Diet measures were self-reported healthful diet changes over the previous 5 years, %energy from fat, and dietary fiber. Age and education were significantly (p<0.001) related to the constructs, with adults aged 35-59 having the strongest beliefs and the most knowledge. Among older adults, 50% of females and 57% of males did not believe diet was related to cancer, 32% and 44% could not recall a single NCI dietary recommendation, 21% had low knowledge of food consumption, and 37% of females and 41% of males felt no pressure to eat a healthful diet. Diet-cancer beliefs and knowledge were significantly (p<0.001) associated with healthful diet changes, lower fat intake, and higher fiber consumption. Individuals with high food composition knowledge consumed 2.3% less energy from fat and 1.1 grams more fiber compared to those with knowledge. Participants who reported they felt strong pressure to eat a healthy diet made 1.8 more healthful diet changes vs. those who felt no pressure, however, there was little association of norms with fat or fiber intake. Population-based studies are important because much of the research on improving diets has been performed in clinical settings, with small, select samples using individual counseling strategies; therefore neither the techniques nor results can be directly applied to community-based nutrition intervention programs. Our research suggests that intervention strategies which target beliefs and knowledge may help people adopt more healthful diets. Research should be done to explore whether interventions need to be specifically focused and tailored to have a positive impact on the diet of older Americans, since this subgroup had lowest levels of belief, knowledge, an norms.
Haines, Pamela S. (author), Metz, Jill (author), Patterson, Ruth E. (author), and School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1994
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 97 Document Number: C07877
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, Ham, Mimeographed, 1994. 1 p. Presented at the Society for Nutrition Education, Portland, OR, July 16-20, 1994., The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which diet and health-related knowledge and attitudes explain differences in diet quality as measured by the Diet Quality Index (DQI). To date, empirical evidence linking attitude, knowledge and overall diet quality has been unavailable in a representative sample of the US population. The study sample included 880 men and women identified as primary meal planner - preparers who completed three days of dietary intake data as part of the 1989 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals and who completed the 1989 Diet and Health Knowledge Survey. The DQI is a multidimensional index of diet quality which scales and sums eight Diet and Health recommendations. Knowledge and attitude scales reflect elements of the Health Belief Model--susceptibility, personal importance of following dietary guidelines, diet and health awareness ,and nutrition knowledge. The proportion of the population achieving any one of the eight DQI guidelines ranged from 70% consuming less than 300 mg cholesterol per day to 15% consuming 5 daily servings of fruit and vegetables. 13.3% of diets were classified as good; 44.7% of diets were classified as fair or poor. Heightened diet and disease awareness (p=0.01) and level of nutrition knowledge (p=0.07) were positively and independently associated with better diet quality in mulitvariate analyses controlling for age, gender, income, race, education and selected household and lifestyle characteristics. In contrast, lower importance given to following the Dietary Guidelines (p=0.008) and greater susceptibility [more frequent responses that own diet ought to be lower in calories, fat, saturated fat, dietary cholesterol, and salt] (p=0.01) were associated with poorer overall dietary quality. Other factors associated with dietary quality included higher education, age over 40, being on a special diet, and reporting that nutrition was an important priority while grocery shopping. Factors independently and negatively associated with dietary quality included being under 40 and single, ever smoking at least 100 cigarettes, and being overweight. Gender, race, and income level did not explain additional variation in diet quality when knowledge and attitude variables were included in multivariate models. Results suggest nutrition knowledge and attitudes are independent predictors of the overall quality of diet.
Allen, Amy M. (author) and Freimuth, Vicki (author)
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1994
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 97 Document Number: C07901
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, Ham, Mimeographed, 1994. 1 p. Presented at the Society for Nutrition Education, Portland, OR, July 16-20, 1994., A content analysis was conducted to evaluate the coverage of the new food labels in the print media during the period of December 1, 1992 to August 30, 1993. Articles were obtained using the Lexis/Nexis newspaper index and six health and general topics magazine databases. A total of 59 newspaper articles, 11 magazine articles and 7 health newsletter articles were identified through the databases. These articles were evaluated by four trained coders using a pretested coding form that addressed 35 aspects of the food label coverage. Twenty percent of articles were double coded with at least 80% coder reliability. Analysis of the data indicates that magazines and health letters covered the topic in more detail than newspapers. Less than 20% of newspapers named and defined the "percent daily value" term, whereas 86% of health newsletters and 64% of magazines provided this information. This is significant because the term is not self explanatory and may be misunderstood by consumers. analysis of individuals quoted in the articles indicates that government and industry officials represented over half of those quoted. In contrast, college and university faculty were quoted in 9% of articles and dietitians were quoted in 10% of articles. Several errors were identified by the coders and are outlined in the study.
Achterberg, Cheryl (author), McCullum, Christine (author), and Penn State Nutrition Center, Penn State University, University Park, PA
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1994
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 97 Document Number: C07906
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, Ham, Mimeographed, 1994. 1 p. Presented at the Society for Nutrition Education, Portland, OR, July 16-20, 1994., Because of the increase in one-parent households and the percent of households that contain two working parents,the number fo teenagers that are doing the family food shopping is also increasing. Whether adolescents read and/or understand food labels while shopping is not known. The purpose of this study was to explore food shopping and label use behavior among adolescents at point-of-purchase. The study group consisted of ninety high school-aged adolescents (n=41 males; n=49 females) stratified by shopping experience (n=44 shoppers; n=46 nonshoppers). Participants were given a list of 20 generic food items to select in an actual grocery store setting. An open-ended questionnaire was administered after shopping to determine the reasons given for each food item selection and to evaluate the use of nutrition information for these items. Scores were computed for total number of times reasons were given to select foods. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the use of shopping strategies and nutrition information. Two tailed t-tests were used for group comparisons. The reasons reported most often for selecting foods were: personal preference/taste, custom/habit, and price/cost. Overall, participants were five times more likely to use front label/nutrition claims than nutrient labels for nutrition information. Fat free/low fat, lite/light, and cholesterol free/low cholesterol were the most commonly used claims. Total fat and calories were the most commonly used constituents on nutrient labels. In terms of reasons given for food item selection, females were significantly more likely than males to use front label/nutrition claims (p<0.001) and nutrient labels (p<0.01); shoppers were significantly more likely than nonshoppers to use nutrient labels (p<0.01). Further research that incorporates adolescents from different backgrounds is needed to understand how young consumers use labels at point-of-purchase. Results should be used to develop nutrition education that teaches food shopping and label reading skills.
Finlay, Karen (author), O'Brien, Carolyn (author), Woolcott, Donna (author), and Division of Applied Human Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1994
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 97 Document Number: C07902
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, Ham, Mimeographed, 1994. 1 p. Presented at the Society for Nutrition Education, Portland, OR, July 16-20, 1994., Stages of change theory framed this study of grocery shoppers (n=65 adults, 18-44 yr) which categorized them according to intentions to use nutrition labels in food purchase decisions. A scale and scoring algorithm were developed using Prochaska and Diclemente's framework. Respondents were categorized into four stages of behavior change. Results indicated that the majority of respondents (55%) were in maintenance stage, 25% were in action stage, 6& in contemplation stage and 14% in precontemplation stage. Respondents were also asked to rate the Canadian government Guide to Nutrition Labelling. Differences in the rating of perceived value of the Guide were observed between the action and maintenance stage respondents for the overall usefulness of the Guide in assisting them "to make wise food choices". The action stage respondents rate the Guide 2.80 (on a 9 point scale) on this attribute and the maintenance groups rated it higher (p<.01) at a mean of 6.5. The action group's mean rating of 4.80 for "how easy it was to understand the information" in the Guide differed (p<.05) from the rating of the maintenance group (7.2). Similarly, in response to the question: "how well do you understand the definitions of nutrition terms in this Guide?", the action group rated their understanding fo the definitions (5.0) lower (p<.05) than the maintenance group (7.55) and lower than the precontemplation group (7.2). Although small sample sizes limit interpretation, it appears that different interventions may be needed for people at different stages of change.
Brunt, Ardith (author), Schafer, Elisabeth (author), and Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1994
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 97 Document Number: C07899
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, Ham, Mimeographed, 1994. 1 p. Presented at the Society for Nutrition Education, Portland, OR, July 16-20, 1994., Most nutrition information is written above the 10th grade level. Because the reading level of at least 50% of the U.S. population is at the 6th grade level and below, a brochure was developed to help these individuals understand and use the Nutrition Facts food label. This single topic brochure was designed for distribution anywhere general nutritional materials are available, especially the grocery store. The tri-fold pamphlet introduces the Nutrition Facts label to individuals with reading skills at the 6th grade level with emphasis on the relationship between serving size and fat. This brochure received formative evaluation from a pilot test group of low literacy clients. The brochure was then redesigned following their suggestions. The final brochure is tri-fold, with color photographs and 6.1 FOG reading level. Summative evaluation of client skill development is in progress. A second brochure is now under development to help clients understand the % daily value on food labels.
Manahan, Laurie (author / Yummy Designs, Walla Walla, WA )
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1994
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 97 Document Number: C07891
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, Ham, Mimeographed, 1994. 1 p. Presented at the Society for Nutrition Education, Portland, OR, July 16-20, 1994., Games are frequently used to teach a variety of subjects in schools and adult training programs. Games enhance learning by holding attention, encouraging interaction and discussion, and adding variety, creativity, and enjoyment. A game format seemed to offer potential for teaching the USDA's new Food Guide Pyramid. My objective was to develop an educational and entertaining Food Pyramid Game. After researching educational games, I developed "Food Pyramid Lotto", with 4-colored Pyramid Playing Boards and 100 colored Food Cards. Players use the Food Cards to build balanced menus on their pyramid boards. To test out the game, 100 games were produced and distributed to nutritionists and teachers in a variety of programs. Feedback was extremely positive, and indicated that: 1) the game was effective in teaching the Food Guide Pyramid; 2) the game was appropriate for school children, as well as for teens, WIC, NET, home ec, extension, food service training and adult health promotion. After revisions, the game was reprinted and is now being marketed to nutrition educators and teachers nationwide. My conclusion is that a game can be a very effective and enjoyable approach to teaching the Food Guide Pyramid.
Anuradha, V. (author), Kousalya, T.K. (author), and Depart of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Depart of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1994
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 97 Document Number: C07888
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, Ham, Mimeographed, 1994. 1 p. Presented at the Society for Nutrition Education, Portland, OR, July 16-20, 1994., This study was taken up with the objective of developing primers that could be used to impart nutrition education after literating the adults. Twenty five illiterate women of Muthumariamanpuram of North Coimbatore belonging to low income group were selected for imparting education. The family composition and prevalence of illiteracy of the selected subjects were elicited using a proforma. The investigator taught the subjects to read and write Tamil. Initial nutritional knowledge of the subjects were tested. Two nutrition education primers were prepared and the subjects were taught the primer lessons for three months. Nutrition education was imparted by visual and audio-visual aids. Supplementary readers on health education were used to educate them. It was found that poor economic status was the cause for illiteracy. Nutrition education improved learning skills and awareness of the nutritional facts and improvement of dietary patterns and practices.
Anderson, Jennifer (author), Ryan, Linda DeBell (author), Sherman, Bonnie (author), and Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1994
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 97 Document Number: C07887
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, Ham, Mimeographed, 1994. 1 p. Presented at the Society for Nutrition Education, Portland, OR, July 16-20, 1994., A concern for the high cancer death rate in two rural towns in northeast Colorado was expressed by the citizens. Representatives from the communities were aware that nutrition and eating practices could lower cancer risk so they contacted their CSU Cooperative Extension Agent. A team was formed to improve nutrition, diet and health using the 5-A-Day message. An initiative Grant from Cooperative Extension was awarded and a nutrition education study was implemented. A program was developed to improve nutrition and reduce cancer risk with 5-A-Day in the communities. The nutrition study began in the schools targeting the children ages 5-11. The program included: materials, demonstrations, activities, skill sheets, experiments, puppet shows and behavior simulation on good nutrition. The study also included residents of the communities. Nutrition information was provided through local newspapers, grocery stores and county fairs. The children participants completes a 24 hour diet recall and a pre and post questionnaire identifying fruit and vegetable consumption. Head of household from the communities participated in a pre and post telephone survey on fruits and vegetables. The results of this study indicate the nutrition education program was well received in these communities and there was a request for more nutrition intervention. Therefore, we expanded our nutrition and cancer intervention program. Phase two of this research study will target food service personnel and implement a 5-A-Day message in the school cafeteria.
