West African powers in the Caribbean have often been studied as important cultural and religious formations. This article treats them as ontological formations by collapsing the modern opposition between reason/knowledge and power/force. The distinction between the "knowing" West anchored in a unified scientific reason and the "believing" Rest who trust in many cultures is therefore refused. With the above prerequisite in mind, a new approach to creolization, termed "tukontology," is deployed to reveal a Kuhnian type paradigm shift in the war-medicine of blacks on British West Indian plantations between 1645 and emancipation in 1838.
Reports on a study of the experiences of minority ethnic workers in seeking advice and support for workplace problems. Focuses on three minority ethnic groups (Kurdish, Black Caribbean and South Asian) in three specific localities of London. The study is unique in that it provides new micro-level qualitative data on whether or not local social networks are utilized to assist with employment problems.