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    2. Are agriculture and nutrition policies and practice coherent? Stakeholder evidence from Afghanistan

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    Collection:
    Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
    Contributers:
    Poole, Nigel (author), Echavez, Chona (author), and Rowland, Dominic (author)
    Format:
    Online journal article
    Publication Date:
    2018-12
    Published:
    Springer Netherlands
    Location:
    Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 7 Document Number: D10241
    Journal Title:
    Food Security
    Journal Title Details:
    10(6) : 1577–1601
    Notes:
    Online ISSN: 1876-4525 Print ISSN: 1876-4517, Via online journal., Despite recent improvements in the national average, stunting levels in Afghanistan exceed 70% in some Provinces. Agriculture serves as the main source of livelihood for over half of the population and has the potential to be a strong driver of a reduction in under-nutrition. This article reports research conducted through interviews with stakeholders in agriculture and nutrition in the capital, Kabul, and four provinces of Afghanistan, to gain a better understanding of the institutional and political factors surrounding policy making and the nutrition-sensitivity of agriculture. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 46 stakeholders from central government and four provinces, including staff from international organizations, NGOs and universities. We found evidence of interdisciplinary communication at the central level and within Provinces, but little evidence of vertical coordination in policy formulation and implementation between the centre and Provinces. Policy formulation and decision making were largely sectoral, top-down, and poorly contextualised. The weaknesses identified in policy formulation, focus, knowledge management, and human and financial resources inhibit the orientation of national agricultural development strategies towards nutrition-sensitivity. Integrating agriculture and nutrition policies requires explicit leadership from the centre. However, effectiveness of a food-based approach to reducing nutrition insecurity will depend on decentralising policy ownership to the regions and provinces through stronger subnational governance. Security and humanitarian considerations point to the need to manage and integrate in a deliberate way the acute humanitarian care and long-term development needs, of which malnutrition is just one element.

    3. Extension and training practices: challenges for smallholder cattle farmers' community in Thailand

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    Collection:
    Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
    Contributers:
    Jiumpanyarach, W. (author)
    Format:
    Online journal article
    Publication Date:
    2018
    Published:
    Pakistan: eSci Journals Publishing
    Location:
    Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 124 Document Number: D11225
    Journal Title:
    International Journal of Agricultural Extension
    Journal Title Details:
    6(2): 117-127
    Notes:
    11 pages., ISSN : 2311-8547, via online journal., The objective of this study was to analyze the impacts of an extension program (education and training practice) as perceived by smallholder cattle farmers to develop their smallholder farm practices and reduce the costs of production. The study used data from 22 participant smallholder farmers with backgrounding cattle systems. In-depth interview questionnaires were used and collected before and after providing the extension program in Saraburi province, Thailand. Two leaders of this group were selected for observation and as farm models. Environmental differences were investigated during the rainy, winter and summer seasons. This study detailed the socioeconomics of the smallholders, the characteristics and management of livestock farms. The satisfaction levels of the extension programs were also analyzed. The benefits and costs of this program were examined and developed after the program finished. The study found backgrounding cattle farms was a major livelihood within the community. The community was of low income and living in poverty. The farmers were at high levels of risk in terms of feeding costs and cattle market. The program provided knowledge to be enable the farmers to understand and develop the farm systems. Most of the smallholders agreed on the good-practice farming and group activities. The farm leaders influenced their perceptions. The farmers were encouraged to do activities together: learning cattle market information, good-practice cattle farms, and cattle rations management. The success of the extension program improved the economic community, community relationships, and community attitudes. The extension program applied to a pro-active policy. Collaboration learning activities for smallholders benefit the farmers' community. This program improves economic relationships, attitudes, and builds a sustainable agricultural community.

    6. What unites and divides urban, suburban and rural communities

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    Collection:
    Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
    Contributers:
    Parker, Kim (author), Horowitz, Juliana Menasce (author), Brown, Anna (author), Fry, Richard (author), Cohn, D'Vera (author), and Igielnik, Ruth (author)
    Format:
    Research report
    Publication Date:
    2018-05-22
    Published:
    USA: Pew Research Center, Washington, D.C.
    Location:
    Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 198 Document Number: D09679
    Notes:
    Summary of results of a national survey. 8 pages.