3) Spanish and other European immigrants that were encouraged to settle in Cuba as per attempts to "bleach" the island. This was the first time anything like this was seriously proposed since Haiti earned its independence. This is important to note because the "spectre" of Haiti loomed ominously over Spanish and Cuban whites for a century and most of their policies towards Cuba's Blacks were reflective of it. The following year, the Cuban Ward Connerly of his day, Martin Morúa Delgado was elected Speaker in Cuba's Senate. The year after that, Morúa introduced legislation that became known as the Morúa Amendment and it outlaws the PIC because is was based on race and racism was supposedly eradicated in Cuba. Just before the vote was taken to enact this bill into law, Estonez and other PIC leaders were imprisoned and were kept in jail until after the law was passed.
"[Examines] le développement historique et socio-économique des Caraïbes dans le roman de Paule Marshall: The Chosen Place, The Timeless People (publié en 1963), à travers la relation de deux femmes, l'une noire, l'autre blanche, dont les destins et l'héritage sont liés à l'histoire particulière des relations de genre caractéristiques de l'esclavage et de la vie sur les plantations." (Refdoc.fr)
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
150 p, Contents: 1. The Significance of African and Indigenous Peoples' Contacts in the Americas -- 2. New Identities, New Alliances -- 3. The Promised Island: Andros, Bahamas -- 4. "We Reach": Bahamaland -- 5. De People Dem: Black Seminoles in the "Land behind God's Back" -- 6. Bahamian Black Seminole Identity -- 7. The Meaning of Heritage -- 8. Conclusion
African American Research Center, Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Notes:
311 p, Sítese histórica que aborda todas as etapas da história do Espírito Santo: a ocupação original pelas tribos nativas, as capitanias hereditárias, a escravidão, a presença dos jesuítas, e o impacto dos ciclos económicos na região. Recupera a atuação de personagens como Vasco Fernandes Coutinho (o primeriro donatário), e a visita de DOm Pedro II em 1860.;
