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2. Barriers to participatory extension in Egypt: agricultural workers' perspectives
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- McDonough, Chris (author), Nuberg, Ian K. (author), and Pitchford, Wayne S. (author)
- Format:
- Journal article abstract
- Publication Date:
- 2015
- Published:
- Egypt: Taylor & Francis
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 7 Document Number: D10280
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
- Journal Title Details:
- 21(2)
- Notes:
- 2 pages., Via UI online subscription., Purpose: This paper examines extension practises of agricultural workers within the Egyptian government and the perceived barriers they face in implementing participatory approaches, identifying improvements required in research and extension processes to meet the real needs of Egyptian farming communities. Design/Methodology/Approach: Key barriers for engaging in participatory extension were identified using content analysis of semi-structured interviews, surveys and focus group discussion of 37 government agricultural workers along with participant observation and review of existing literature. Findings: The majority of workers surveyed understood basic participatory extension principles and desired to use these approaches. Changing from traditional ‘top down’ extension to systems that engage with farmers' needs at the community level is made difficult due to the aging and poorly functioning Village Extension Worker (VEW) network. Thus, it is far easier for the research driven extension programmes to use technology transfer models. Practical Implications: Participatory extension relies on strong relationship building and open communication between farmers, extension workers, researchers, interest groups and policy-makers. The Egyptian government must properly establish and resource the pivotal role of VEWs within the extension system to meet its strategic aims of modernising agriculture, developing food security and improving the livelihoods of rural inhabitants. Originality/Value: This paper captures the unique perspectives of government research, extension and education workers involved in agricultural development at a time directly after the 2010 revolution, when they were able to more openly reflect on the past and present situations.
3. Construction and validation of a psychometric scale to assess extension agents’ beliefs about extension and innovation
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Landini, Fernando (author), Beramendi, Maite (author), and University of La Cuenca del Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) School of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires
- Format:
- Online journal article
- Publication Date:
- 2019-07-24
- Published:
- Argentina: Taylor and Francis
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 101 Document Number: D10880
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
- Journal Title Details:
- 25(5) : 318-399
- Notes:
- 18 pages, online journal article, Purpose This article aims at designing and validating a psychometric scale to assess extensionists’ and advisors’ beliefs about extension and innovation. Design/Methodology/approach The scale was developed by drawing upon results from a previous empirical research as well as insights from a literature review on extension and innovation approaches. The theoretical framework used to write the items was validated by 12 international experts from 11 countries. 608 Argentine extension workers completed the questionnaire. Replies were analysed using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Findings The scale has a good fit and satisfactory level of internal consistency. Five factors were identified: Dialogue and horizontal coordination; Transfer of technology; Blame on farmers; Participatory, farmer-led extension; and Self-critical attitude. Practical implications The scale has multiple and different uses, including research, theory development, institutional practice, diagnosis, and teaching. Theoretical implications Results show that a horizontal, facilitative extension approach shares a common epistemology, as well as underlying values and assumptions, with territorial development and with an innovation systems perspective, and that both contrast with a traditional transfer of technology approach. Nonetheless, practitioners would not tend to see these two contrasting perspectives as contradictory but as complementary. Originality/Value The scale is the first validated psychometric instrument, based on an ample theoretical framework, that allows for a quantitative assessment of beliefs about extension and innovation.
4. The use and abuse of the ‘model farmer’ approach in agricultural extension in Ethiopia
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Hailemichael, Salem (author) and Haug, Ruth (author)
- Format:
- Journal article
- Publication Date:
- 2020-05-06
- Published:
- United States: Taylor & Francis
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 202 Document Number: D12054
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
- Journal Title Details:
- Vol 26, 2020 Issue 5
- Notes:
- 21 Pages, Purpose: The article examines the implementation and effects of the model farmer-based approach of farmer-to-farmer extension delivery that is in use in Ethiopia. Methodology: The study used mixed methods, combining focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and a household survey. Findings: The model farmer approach has increased extension coverage, improved the possibility for information and technology dissemination, and enabled the inclusion of virtually all farming households in extension and advisory networks. Simultaneously, the approach has become a mechanism for the top-down control of farmers, for the identification and favouritism of better-off farmers, and those with political commitments. Practical implications: The findings show that there is a need to critically reflect on who model farmers are, how they are selected, what their historical and current roles and impact have been, as well as follower farmers’ feedback on the approach in order to avoid perpetuating the misuse of the approach. Theoretical implications: The article argues that the Ethiopian context that rewards rapid increase in production and productivity, modernisation of agriculture, competitive commercialisation, and a context that allows the continued entanglement of extension delivery with politics have enabled such misuse of the approach to proliferate. The article questions the extent of applicability of the core farmer-to-farmer extension principles that relate to social ties, reciprocity, collaboration, and minimal social hierarchies in such a context. Originality/value: The study generates important insights about the effects of model farmer-based extension approach, its political dimensions, and the importance of context for successful farmer-to-farmer extension.
5. European Seminar on Extension Education: perspective of a first-time seminar participant
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Verma, Satish (author)
- Format:
- Journal article
- Publication Date:
- 2000-04
- Published:
- International
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 156 Document Number: C25346
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
- Journal Title Details:
- 6(4) : 255-258
- Notes:
- Retrieved January 28, 2007
6. Are traditional extension services dead or have they a role in rural development?
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Phelan, J.F. (author)
- Format:
- Journal article
- Publication Date:
- 1995-12
- Published:
- Ireland
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 156 Document Number: C25348
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
- Journal Title Details:
- 2(3) : 7-14
- Notes:
- Retrieved January 28, 2007
7. In search of institutional linkages for participatory extension in agricultural and rural development
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Duvel, G.H. (author)
- Format:
- Journal article
- Publication Date:
- 1995-12
- Published:
- International
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 156 Document Number: C25349
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
- Journal Title Details:
- 2(3) : 1-6
- Notes:
- Retrieved January 28, 2007
8. The role of public extension in introducing environment-friendly farming methods in Turkey
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Kumuk, T. (author) and Akgungor, S. (author)
- Format:
- Journal article
- Publication Date:
- 1995-03
- Published:
- Turkey
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 156 Document Number: C25351
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
- Journal Title Details:
- 1(4)
- Notes:
- Retrieved January 28, 2007
9. Do it sistimatika: on the learning paradigm of Cretan organic olive growers seeking a rural future
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Remmers, G.G.A. (author), Gadanaki, M. (author), and Stamata, E. (author)
- Format:
- Abstract
- Publication Date:
- 1998-12
- Published:
- Crete
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 156 Document Number: C25358
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
- Journal Title Details:
- 5(3) : 193-210
- Notes:
- Retrieved January 28, 2007, "The notion comprises knowledge about what to do, which is made up of a clear vision and technical knowledge about how to organize the work, hard work, love, and finally an ability and desire to search for and learn whatever may be needed. The aspects of love and learning capacity are usually unacknowledged in Western conceptions of development strategies informed by a so-called systems approach."
10. Promoting pluralism
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Zijp, W. (author)
- Format:
- Abstract
- Publication Date:
- 1998-06
- Published:
- International
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 156 Document Number: C25362
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
- Journal Title Details:
- 5(1)
- Notes:
- Retrieved January 28, 2007
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