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12. Normative coherence through social entrepreneurship: Fostering women’s empowerment in Myanmar
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Perekrestova, Vlada (author)
- Format:
- Journal article
- Publication Date:
- unknown
- Published:
- United States: Wiley Online
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12450
- Journal Title:
- Development Policy Review
- Journal Title Details:
- Vol. 40 (2)
- Notes:
- 24 pages., Motivation Women’s empowerment has been an integral part of the discussion on normative coherence for development, but its implementation is not very effective in Myanmar. Gender must be kept at the forefront of policy analysis in order to avoid unintended consequences for women. Purpose The article argues that the Government of Myanmar lacks initiatives on women’s economic empowerment, but that social enterprises could prove to be a more appropriate way to implement international norms in gender equality. Methods and approach This case study uses descriptive research to verify how social entrepreneurship can contribute to women's empowerment by increasing women’s participation in the labour market. The empirical part of this study is based on field research undertaken in February 2019. Findings In Myanmar, there is still a gap between normative policies and social practices. Women’s legal and actual equality cannot be realized by law and philosophy alone, but also depends on a shift in political, economic, and social actions to ensure that women can participate in the public sphere on an equal basis as men, and enjoy equal economic opportunities. The article explores the role that social enterprises are already playing as an example of how international development norms are implemented at the local level. Policy implications The article highlights the appropriateness of social enterprises as catalysts of gender equality and as agents of normative gender coherence for development. Social enterprises take an inclusive and sustainable approach to addressing issues, making women’s livelihoods central.
13. Outline of narrative report to EPA/OEEC
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Byrnes, Francis C. (author)
- Format:
- Report
- Publication Date:
- unknown
- Published:
- USA
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: Byrnes9; Folder: MSU Ph.D files Document Number: D09119
- Notes:
- Francis Byrnes Collection, Ph.D files, Michigan State University, East Lansing. 3 pages.
14. Participation - A Promise Unfulfilled?
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Braden, Sue (author) and Chronic Poverty Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Format:
- Conference paper
- Publication Date:
- unknown
- Published:
- United Kingdom
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Document Number: C28218
- Notes:
- Posted online at http://www.chronicpoverty.org/pdfs/2003conferencepapers/Braden.pdf, Presented at "Staying poor: chronic poverty and development policy," a conference at Manchester, UK from April 7-9, 2003.
15. Reflections on rural areas development
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Donohue, George A. (author / University of Minnesota) and University of Minnesota
- Format:
- Paper
- Publication Date:
- unknown
- Published:
- USA
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 46 Document Number: B05657
- Notes:
- P. Tichenor. 9 p.
16. Rethinking technological change in smallholder agriculture
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Glover, Dominic (author), Sumberg, James (author), Ton, Giel (author), Andersson, Jens (author), and Badstue, Lone (author)
- Format:
- Journal article
- Publication Date:
- 2019-08-22
- Published:
- International: SAGE Journals
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 204 Document Number: D12493
- Journal Title:
- Outlook on Agriculture
- Journal Title Details:
- Vol 48, Issue 3
- Notes:
- The concept of technology adoption (along with its companions, diffusion and scaling) is commonly used to design development interventions, to frame impact evaluations and to inform decision-making about new investments in development-oriented agricultural research. However, adoption simplifies and mischaracterises what happens during processes of technological change. In all but the very simplest cases, it is likely to be inadequate to capture the complex reconfiguration of social and technical components of a technological practice or system. We review the insights of a large and expanding literature, from various disciplines, which has deepened understanding of technological change as an intricate and complex sociotechnical reconfiguration, situated in time and space. We explain the problems arising from the inappropriate use of adoption as a framing concept and propose an alternative conceptual framework for understanding and evaluating technological change. The new approach breaks down technology change programmes into four aspects: propositions, encounters, dispositions and responses. We begin to sketch out how this new framework could be operationalised.
17. Review on gendered perspective of household's participation in agricultural activities in Ethiopia
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Belay, Fenet (author) and Oljira, Alemayehu (author)
- Format:
- Journal article
- Publication Date:
- 2019-01
- Published:
- Ethiopia
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 201 Document Number: D11999
- Journal Title:
- Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development
- Journal Title Details:
- 11(1) : 1-10
- Notes:
- 10 pages, Online via UI Library electronic subscription. Open access., "This paper re-affirms that women make essential contributions to agriculture and rural enterprises across the developing world. But there is much diversity in women's roles and over-generalization undermines policy relevance and planning."
18. Soy dairy performance metrics
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Krause, Julia (author), Cornelius M. (author), Goldsmith, P. (author), and Mzungu, M. (author)
- Format:
- Journal article
- Publication Date:
- 2021-11-01
- Published:
- Kenya: Africa Scholarly Science Communications Trust (ASSCAT)
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 207 Document Number: D12993
- Journal Title:
- African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development
- Journal Title Details:
- V.21, N.10
- Notes:
- 24 pages, Soybean (Glycine max (L. Merr.) has been a crop of interest to address both poverty and malnutrition in the developing world because of its high levels of both protein and oil, and its adaptability to grow in tropical environments. Development practitioners and policymakers have long sought value added opportunities for local crops to move communities out of poverty by introducing processing or manufacturing technologies. Soy dairy production technologies sit within this development conceptual model. To the researchers’ knowledge, no research to date measures soy dairy performance, though donors and NGOs have launched hundreds of enterprises over the last 18 years. The lack of firm-level data on operations limits the ability of donors and practitioners to fund and site sustainable dairy businesses. Therefore, the research team developed and implemented a recordkeeping system and training program first, as a 14-month beta test with a network of five dairies in Ghana and Mozambique in 2016-2017. Learning from the initial research then supported a formal research rollout over 18 months with a network of six different dairies in Malawi and key collaboration from USAID’s Agricultural Diversification activity. None of the beta or rollout dairies kept records prior to the intervention. The formal rollout resulted in a unique primary dataset to address the soy dairy performance knowledge gap. The results of analysis show that the dairies, on average, achieve positive operating margins of 61%, yet cannot cover the fixed costs associated with depreciation, amortization of equipment and infrastructure, working capital, marketing and promotion, and regulatory compliance. The enterprises in our sample operate only at 9% of capacity, which limits their ability to cover the normal fixed costs associated with the business. The challenge is not the technology itself, as when operated, it produces a high-quality dairy product. The challenges involve a business that requires too much capital for normal operations relative to a nascent and small addressable market.
19. Technology transfer system
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Format:
- Presentation
- Publication Date:
- No date
- Published:
- International
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 196 Document Number: D08054
- Notes:
- John L. Woods Collection, Presentation visuals involving views, problems, and sample elements of agricultural technology systems. Development Training and Communication Planning, UNDP Asia and the Pacific Programme, Bangkok, Thailand. 13 pages.
20. Towards a Revolutionized Agricultural Extension System for the Sustainability of Smallholder Livestock Production in Developing Countries: The Potential Role of ICTs
- Collection:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC)
- Contributers:
- Mapiye, Obvious (author), Makombe, Godswill (author), Molotsi, Annelin (author), Dmaza, Kennedy (author), and Mapiye, Cletos (author)
- Format:
- Journal article
- Publication Date:
- 2021-04-02
- Published:
- International: MDPI
- Location:
- Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 205 Document Number: D12537
- Journal Title:
- Sustainability
- Journal Title Details:
- 13 (11)
- Notes:
- 17 pages, The creation of commercialization opportunities for smallholder farmers has taken primacy on the development agenda of many developing countries. Invariably, most of the smallholders are less productive than commercial farmers and continue to lag in commercialization. Apart from the various multifaceted challenges which smallholder farmers face, limited access to extension services stands as the underlying constraint to their sustainability. Across Africa and Asia, public extension is envisioned as a fundamental part of the process of transforming smallholder farmers because it is their major source of agricultural information. Extension continues to be deployed using different approaches which are evolving. For many decades, various authors have reported the importance of the approaches that effectively revitalize extension systems and have attempted to fit them into various typologies. However, there is a widespread concern over the inefficiency of these extension approaches in driving the sustainability of smallholder farming agenda. Further, most of the approaches that attempted to revolutionize extension have been developed and brought into the field in rapid succession, but with little or no impact at the farmer level. This paper explores the theory and application of agricultural extension approaches and argues the potential of transforming them using digital technologies. The adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) such as mobile phones and the internet which are envisaged to revolutionize existing extension systems and contribute towards the sustainability of smallholder farming systems is recommended