Allen, Amy M. (author) and Freimuth, Vicki (author)
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1994
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 97 Document Number: C07901
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, Ham, Mimeographed, 1994. 1 p. Presented at the Society for Nutrition Education, Portland, OR, July 16-20, 1994., A content analysis was conducted to evaluate the coverage of the new food labels in the print media during the period of December 1, 1992 to August 30, 1993. Articles were obtained using the Lexis/Nexis newspaper index and six health and general topics magazine databases. A total of 59 newspaper articles, 11 magazine articles and 7 health newsletter articles were identified through the databases. These articles were evaluated by four trained coders using a pretested coding form that addressed 35 aspects of the food label coverage. Twenty percent of articles were double coded with at least 80% coder reliability. Analysis of the data indicates that magazines and health letters covered the topic in more detail than newspapers. Less than 20% of newspapers named and defined the "percent daily value" term, whereas 86% of health newsletters and 64% of magazines provided this information. This is significant because the term is not self explanatory and may be misunderstood by consumers. analysis of individuals quoted in the articles indicates that government and industry officials represented over half of those quoted. In contrast, college and university faculty were quoted in 9% of articles and dietitians were quoted in 10% of articles. Several errors were identified by the coders and are outlined in the study.
Ries, Carol P. (author), Tracy, Melanie D. (author), and Eastern Illinois University
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1994
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 97 Document Number: C07898
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, Ham, Mimeographed, 1994. 1 p. Presented at the Society for Nutrition Education, Portland, OR, July 16-20, 1994., The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of cooking knowledge among adults of various ages. A convenience sample of 280 adults (71% female) completed a 40-item MC basic cooking knowledge test. The test was developed in consultation with two non-professional, experienced family cooks and validated by a panel of foods and nutrition faculty. The KR20 coefficient for reliability was 0.81. ANOVA was used to compare scores of males and females of the four age cohorts (20-35 yrs., 36-50 yrs, 51-65 yrs., and 66+ yrs.) from rural and urban areal. The mean score for the total group was 75% correct indicating a moderate level of basic cooking knowledge. Over two-thirds (68%) of the total sample scored 70% correct or better. Females (78% correct) scored significantly higher than males (68% correct). Participants aged 35-65 yrs. scored higher than did those aged 20-35 yrs. or 66+ yrs. (79 vs. 70 and 72%, p<0.001). Participants who lived in rural areas (pop.<50,000) as children (78% correct) scored higher (p<0.05) than did their urban counterparts (pop > 50,000, 73% correct). Knowledge comparisons made within each age cohort indicated that females scored higher than males, but no significant differences were found between participants with rural or urban backgrounds. Results indicate that while many adults are fairly knowledgeable about basic cooking procedures, a substantial proportion are not; therefore, food preparation education is warranted.
Achterberg, Cheryl (author), McCullum, Christine (author), and Penn State Nutrition Center, Penn State University, University Park, PA
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1994
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 97 Document Number: C07906
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, Ham, Mimeographed, 1994. 1 p. Presented at the Society for Nutrition Education, Portland, OR, July 16-20, 1994., Because of the increase in one-parent households and the percent of households that contain two working parents,the number fo teenagers that are doing the family food shopping is also increasing. Whether adolescents read and/or understand food labels while shopping is not known. The purpose of this study was to explore food shopping and label use behavior among adolescents at point-of-purchase. The study group consisted of ninety high school-aged adolescents (n=41 males; n=49 females) stratified by shopping experience (n=44 shoppers; n=46 nonshoppers). Participants were given a list of 20 generic food items to select in an actual grocery store setting. An open-ended questionnaire was administered after shopping to determine the reasons given for each food item selection and to evaluate the use of nutrition information for these items. Scores were computed for total number of times reasons were given to select foods. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the use of shopping strategies and nutrition information. Two tailed t-tests were used for group comparisons. The reasons reported most often for selecting foods were: personal preference/taste, custom/habit, and price/cost. Overall, participants were five times more likely to use front label/nutrition claims than nutrient labels for nutrition information. Fat free/low fat, lite/light, and cholesterol free/low cholesterol were the most commonly used claims. Total fat and calories were the most commonly used constituents on nutrient labels. In terms of reasons given for food item selection, females were significantly more likely than males to use front label/nutrition claims (p<0.001) and nutrient labels (p<0.01); shoppers were significantly more likely than nonshoppers to use nutrient labels (p<0.01). Further research that incorporates adolescents from different backgrounds is needed to understand how young consumers use labels at point-of-purchase. Results should be used to develop nutrition education that teaches food shopping and label reading skills.
Keim, Kathy (author), Stewart, Beth (author), Tinsley, Ann (author), Voichick, Jane (author), and University of Idaho, Boise; University of Wisconsin, Madison
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1994
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 97 Document Number: C07885
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, Ham, Mimeographed, 1994. 1 p. Presented at the Society for Nutrition Education, Portland, OR, July 16-20, 1994., Eating more fruits and vegetables, ideally prepared with little added sugar and/or fat, is recommended by the food guide pyramid. This project surveyed young adults, ages 18 to 24, on their beliefs and behaviors regarding fruits and vegetables. Of the 1369 surveys mailed, 594 were returned (43%). The sample was comprised of 44% (n=262) males, 56% (n=328) females and 94% (n=556) caucasian persons. Only 28% (n=157) of the subjects correctly identified the recommended number of servings for vegetables; a higher percentage of females were correct (33% females, 20% males), as were more educated persons (31% of college educated persons, 22% of persons with a high school education or less). Females were significantly (p<0.0002) more likely than males to raw vegetables as a snack, to consider it more important to eat a variety of foods (p<0.0012), the freshest foods (p<0.0023) and the most nutritious foods (p<0.0000). Females also rated their ability to use food labels as significantly more adequate (p<0.0014) than males, as did college educated persons (p<0.0017). College educated subjects were also significantly more likely to believe eating plenty of fruits and vegetables would reduce intestinal problems (p<0.0238) and risk of cancer (<0.0225). Nearly half (43%, n=243) regularly put butter/margarine on vegetables and used sauces or cheese (46% n=261) on vegetables. Vegetables were rarely eaten at lunch by 74% (n=419), 69% (n=391) rarely snacked on vegetables, and 67% (n=383) rarely ate fruits and vegetables in a healthy diet for young adults, particularly males and those who have no college education.
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 98 Document Number: C08050
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, In: The Information Age: what it means for extension and its constituents. Columbia, MO: Cooperative Extension Service, University of Missouri, 1994. (Proceedings of a North Central Region Extension workshop for marketing and management specialists, May 24-26, 1994, St. Louis, MO.) p. 151-181.
Finlay, Karen (author), O'Brien, Carolyn (author), Woolcott, Donna (author), and Division of Applied Human Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1994
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 97 Document Number: C07902
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, Ham, Mimeographed, 1994. 1 p. Presented at the Society for Nutrition Education, Portland, OR, July 16-20, 1994., Stages of change theory framed this study of grocery shoppers (n=65 adults, 18-44 yr) which categorized them according to intentions to use nutrition labels in food purchase decisions. A scale and scoring algorithm were developed using Prochaska and Diclemente's framework. Respondents were categorized into four stages of behavior change. Results indicated that the majority of respondents (55%) were in maintenance stage, 25% were in action stage, 6& in contemplation stage and 14% in precontemplation stage. Respondents were also asked to rate the Canadian government Guide to Nutrition Labelling. Differences in the rating of perceived value of the Guide were observed between the action and maintenance stage respondents for the overall usefulness of the Guide in assisting them "to make wise food choices". The action stage respondents rate the Guide 2.80 (on a 9 point scale) on this attribute and the maintenance groups rated it higher (p<.01) at a mean of 6.5. The action group's mean rating of 4.80 for "how easy it was to understand the information" in the Guide differed (p<.05) from the rating of the maintenance group (7.2). Similarly, in response to the question: "how well do you understand the definitions of nutrition terms in this Guide?", the action group rated their understanding fo the definitions (5.0) lower (p<.05) than the maintenance group (7.55) and lower than the precontemplation group (7.2). Although small sample sizes limit interpretation, it appears that different interventions may be needed for people at different stages of change.
Kendall, Patricia (author), Swanson, Marilyn A. (author), and Swanson: Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID; Kendall: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1994
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 97 Document Number: C07869
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, Ham, Mimeographed, 1994. 1 p. Presented at the Society for Nutrition Education, Portland, OR, July 16-20, 1994., Two hundred and twelve Idaho citizens participated in the "Train the Trainer" Safety and Food excellence (S.A.F.E.) educational program during 1993. Idaho's effort was part of an eight state strategy to reduce the risk of illness from foods served to individuals with weakened immune systems. Funding was obtained through the FY92 ES-USDA Food Safety and Quality Initiative. S.A.F.E., a four hour leader training program, is an action-oriented program which teaches professionals, paraprofessionals an volunteers to present education programs aimed at changing specific food handling practices. Individuals who work with the elderly or other high-risk population groups were targeted. The seven Idaho programs were team taught by the Extension Food Safety Specialist, a county Extension Home Economist and an Environmental Health Specialist from the local health district. Participants received three food safety posters, learned appropriate food safety practices and teaching strategies and set personal behavior goals. Mean knowledge scores increased from 89% to 96%. Ninety seven percent of the participants set personal food safety behavior goals. At a three month self-reported evaluation, a majority met their goals "most of the time" and almost all met their goal "some of the time". Over 950 food safety posters have been distributed. Estimates suggests each poster has been seen by an average of 25 individuals. The trained program leaders have utilized food safety educational strategies from the S.A.F.E. workshop and reached between 4 and 282 others.
Musser, Wesley N. (author), Ortmann, Gerald F. (author), Patrick, George F. (author), and Purdue University; Pennsylvania State University; University of Natal, South Africa
Format:
Conference paper
Publication Date:
1994
Published:
USA
Location:
Agricultural Communications Documentation Center, Funk Library, University of Illinois Box: 98 Document Number: C08047
Notes:
James F. Evans Collection, In: The Information Age: what it means for extension and its constituents. Columbia, MO: Cooperative Extension Service, University of Missouri, 1994. (Proceedings of a North Central Region Extension workshop for marketing and management specialists, May 24-26, 1994, St. Louis, MO.) p. 91-105.
